Abstract: An internal combustion engine includes a crankshaft, a mainshaft, a clutch and a countershaft. The mainshaft is for a transmission and holds a transmission gear train. The clutch is disposed on the extension of the mainshaft. Furthermore, the countershaft for the transmission holds a gear train to mesh with the transmission gear train. Accordingly, power is transmitted in order from the crankshaft to the clutch, the mainshaft, and the countershaft. This arrangement ensures better knee-grip when the internal combustion engine is mounted on a vehicle and improves in-vehicle mountability by reducing the width and the axial length of the internal combustion engine. A mainshaft is disposed about immediately below the crankshaft. At least a part of the mainshaft is provided at the same axial position as the crankshaft.

Abstract: An apparatus comprises a block element 10 formed of an X-ray blocking member and located in a transportation path for an object of inspection, the block element having a through hole 11 through which the object of inspection passes and a slit 12 opening across the through hole, an X-ray tube 20 located close to and opposite one open end of the slit and capable of generating X-rays toward the through hole, and an X-ray detector 30 located in the other open end of the slit and capable of detecting the X-rays transmitted through the slit. The X-rays that are sharply constricted as they pass through the slit of the block element cross the object of inspection that passes through the through hole. Based on the resulting volume of X-ray transmission, the internal conditions of the object of inspection can be subjected to a non-destructive inspection with ease and high accuracy.

Abstract: A method of testing if the wiring or state of a TFT and LCD is abnormal includes the following steps: In a first operation, a TFT is turned on for a given time period to charge the cell capacitor connected to an LCD through the data line thereof. Next, the TFT is turned off, maintaining the charged condition. Then, the TFT is turned on again for a given time period T to release the stored electric charge through the source, drain and a grounded resistor. Changes with time in the output of source current (i.sub.1) or voltage (V.sub.1) induced by the discharge are input into a computer. In a second operation, the TFT is turned on for a given time period without charging the cell capacitor through the data line. After turning off the TFT for the same time as the first operation, the TFT is turned on again for a given time period to release the stored charge through the source, drain and grounded resistor. Then, changes with time in the output of source current i.sub.2 or source voltage V.sub.

Abstract: A method of inspecting cells of liquid crystal displays comprising the first step in which the empty TFTs in the active color LCD arrays are energized to charge the auxiliary pixel capacitor corresponding to the individual electrodes, the charged condition is maintained by deenergizing the TFT's, the electric charge is released through the source and drain of the TFTs and the resistor connected to the ground side thereof by re-energizing the TFTs, and the amount of the discharge is measured and the second step in which the same energizing, deenergizing, re-energizing, charging, discharging and measurement as done in the first step are made on the TFTs filled with a liquid crystal in the active color LCD arrays, the difference between the amounts of discharge measured in the first and second steps is integrated or the time constant of the amount of discharge measured in the first step is deducted from the time constant of the amount of discharge measured in the second step.

Abstract: A porous fiber having sufficient chemical resistance to a variety of substances to be adsorbed, and having a large specific surface area and a large void percentage. The porous fiber provided by the present invention features a main fiber body formed of a high-density polyethylene having a melt flow rate of 0.3 to 20 g/10 minutes and numerous pores. The pores are formed by mixing the high-density polyethylene with a paraffin wax while they are melted, melt-spinning a fiber with an extruder at a draft ratio of 200 or less, stretching the fiber, heat-treating the stretched fiber, mechanically crimping it and then removing the paraffin wax. In the porous fiber, the main fiber body has a specific surface area of 20 m.sup.2 /g or more, the ratio of the pores to the main fiber body is 20% or more and the main fiber body has a size of not more than 50 denier.

Abstract: In case a long size sheet which is sandwiched by a drive roller and a pressure roller and its tip portion is suspended downwardly with its dead weight from the sheet support surface is cut off in a straight line in a crossing direction with a cutter pen of a plotter capable of shifting the sheet in a crossing direction, firstly, the sheet is cut off in a crossing direction with the cutter pen leaving a predetermined region at the center portion of the sheet. Next, a half-cut or perforation work is applied to the predetermined region at the center portion, and then, the drive roller is rotated in the positive or reverse direction, and the sheet transfers back and forth along its longitudinal direction, and the region of the sheet where the drawing has been performed is shaken off from the other portion of the sheet by the transfer, and thus, the cutting operation of the sheet is completed.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for testing TFT-LCD's turns on a TFT in an active color LCD using TFT's, charges a cell capacitor connected to the LCD through the data line, keeps the capacitor charged after turning off the TFT, discharges the capacitor through a resistor connected to the grounding side through the source and drain of the TFT, and checks the function of the TFT-LCD and the connection of the elements contained therein based on the waveform of a current or discharge induced by the discharge.

Abstract: A penstocker for an automatic drafting machine in which a shutter 15 is slidably mounted on a peripheral wall 13b of the penstocker's main body 10 such that a desired one or more slits 20, 21 and 22, formed on the peripheral wall 13b, are shielded thereby forming a predetermined pattern indicative of a presence or absence of the penstocker main body, a type of pen held by the penstocker main body and an origin of the penstocker main body.

Abstract: An automatic lead feeding apparatus is used in an automatic drafting machine adapted to exchange pencil holders between a line drawing head and a writing instrument stocker. The automatic lead feeding apparatus has a unit holder moving in a direction of approach and separation from the writing instrument stocker to take a writing instrument or pencil holder removably arranged on the stocker. In consequence, the pencil holder is exchanged between the writing instrument holder and a writing instrument holder of the stocker. A lead feeding reservoir-stocker has a plurality of lead reservoirs containing plural leads. The lead feeding reservoir-stocker is arranged above the travelling path of the writing instrument holder. Lead is fed one by one from the reservoir-stocker by a shutter placed under the stocker and the lead is pushed in the pencil holder by a predetermined distance by a lead pusher.

Abstract: An automatic centrifugal clutch is arranged at the rear of an engine of a motorcycle, and a belt type continuously variable transmission and a gear type speed reduction device are arranged on opposite sides of the clutch whereby a space at the rear of the engine is effectively utilized, and a space for installing a kick starter is secured externally of the belt type continuously variable transmission. An output shaft of a reduction device and an intermediate shaft of the reduction device are arranged on opposite sides of a plane extending so as to include axes of a crankshaft and an input shaft whereby the longitudinal length of a power transmission device is shortened. An opening of a cooling air discharge passage is provided to face the automatic centrifugal clutch at the front end of the reduction device whereby the automatic centrifugal clutch can be effectively cooled while effectively utilizing the space.

Abstract: A lead automatic supply device for an X-Y plotter has a writing implement stocker connected to a first rotary drive device, and a lead supply stocker rotatably disposed above the writing implement stocker. The lead supply stocker is connected to a second rotary drive device, and a circular line passing through lead storage containers provided in the lead supply stocker and a circular line passing through writing implements retained on the writing implement holding portion of the writing implement stocker lie in the same cylindrical plane. A lead fall hole is provided in the bottom portion of each lead storage container, and an opening/closing mechanism is provided at the lower part of the lead fall hole for opening and closing the lead fall hole. An opening/closing control for controlling the opening/closing mechanism and a lead push down mechanism for pushing the lead downward from the mechanism are also provided.

Abstract: Novel biologically active substances prepared by dissociating the protein obtained from the cultivation of the microorganism Bordetella and having insulin secretion promoting action as well as glucose tolerance improving action for mammals.

Abstract: A gasfade inhibitor for polyurethanes and cellulose acetates, said inhibitor comprising a triazine derivative expressed by the following formula ##SPC1##Wherein the symbols are defined as in the claim, and an anti-gas-fade polymer composition containing the same.