Abstract: Axially extending liquid-tight tapered spaces are defined in the barrel of a roll body. Tapered pistons are fitted in the spaces for engagement and disengagement with a bore inner surface defining the tapered spaces. A liquid under pressure is supplied through liquid passages to some of liquid pressure chambers at opposite ends of the tapered pistons so that the barrel of the roll body is increased or decreased in diameter. When the rolling forces are removed from the roll body, the roll body returns to its initial straight state.

Abstract: A mixture of silica powder and carbon powder is heated in a mixture of NH.sub.3 gas and C.sub.m H.sub.n gas. Only silica powder may be heated in a mixture of NH.sub.3 gas and C.sub.m H.sub.n gas.

Abstract: Silica powder or a mixture of silica powder and silicon nitride whisker is heated at a temperature ranging from 800.degree. C. to 1,700.degree. C. in a gas mixture of ammonia gas (NH.sub.3) and hydrocarbon gas (C.sub.m H.sub.n) so as to produce silicon nitride whisker. The gas mixture flows at the rate of 10 mm/sec or less. The NH.sub.3 /CH.sub.4 ratio of the ammonia to the hydrocarbon, expressed as CH.sub.4, ranges from 0.5:1 to 2000:1 by volume. The silica powder is preferably mixed with at least one of six catalysts: transition metals; alkali metals; alkaline earth metals; halides of transition metals; halides of alkali metals; and alkaline earth metals. One mol part of the silica powder is mixed with 0.001-1.0 mol part of the catalyst.

Abstract: Metal nitride powder is prepared by heating a mixture substantially containing powder of a metal oxide or a metal hydroxide in a mixed gas of ammonia gas (NH.sub.3) and a hydrocarbon gas (CmHn) at a temperature ranging from 1300.degree. C. to 1,600.degree. C., in which the mixed gas has a ratio of ammonia gas (NH.sub.3) to hydrocarbon gas (CmHn) translated into CH.sub.4, ranging from 10 (NH.sub.3) to 1.0 (CH.sub.4) to 2,000 (NH.sub.3) to 1 (CH.sub.4), by volume.The metal nitride powder contains lesser amounts of oxygen and carbon.

Abstract: Pigment with its surface coated with a polyolefin carrying-COOR groups (wherein R is hydrogen atom or a metal atom) is water-repellent and has very high affinity for oily cosmetic components. Cosmetic products containing said surface-treated pigment is excellent in spreadability and feeling.

Abstract: A pigment material, the surfaces of which are treated with a saturated fatty acid triglyceride having an iodine value of not more than 5. The treated pigment material, which is used in cosmetics, has strong water repellency, feels smooth, and adheres well to the skin.

Abstract: Longitudinal axial positions in a roll longitudinal axis of ring pistons fitted into a profile-variable rolling roll are detected with a higher degree of accuracy. In response to outputs representative of the detected longitudinal axial positions of the ring pistons, the positions of the ring pistons can be controlled with a high degree of accuracy, whereby controllability of shape of the rolling roll is enhanced.

Abstract: Pigments or extender pigments the surface of which are uniformly coated with hydrogenated lecithin or with the reaction product of hydrogenated lecithin and a metal salt; and a composition for make-up cosmetics containing such pigments or extender pigments and exhibiting excellent protection for the skin, resistance to wear, and good water repellency.

Abstract: In a sheet rolling mill having work rolls and backup rolls, rolling of flat sheets is facilitated by controlling constant the transverse rigidity or deflection in the direction of width of rolls. The rolling force is detected, and based on the rolling force thus detected, the value for correcting the crown of the work roll is calculated by a transverse rigidity coefficient and a function determined by sheet thickness to control the transverse rigidity.

Abstract: A rolling process wherein a pair of working rolls are driven at different peripheral velocities so that the peripheral velocity ratio may be varied, and the peripheral velocity ratio is so controlled that the rolling torque of each of the working rolls may be within a maximum tolerable torque which the working roll may transmit, thereby reducing the rolling force.

Abstract: A device for blasting descaling slurry jets against the surfaces of sheet metal is disclosed, thereby descaling the same prior to cold rolling.

Abstract: A continuous rolling mill capable of rolling a sheet metal under a reduced rolling force without wrapping it around work rolls wherein, at each of rolling stands, the upper and lower work rolls are rotated at different peripheral speeds in such a way that the peripheral speed of one of said pair of rolls which is rotated faster than the other may be substantially equal to the velocity of the metal sheet leaving said pair of rolls while the peripheral speed of said other roll which is rotated slower than said one roll may be substantially equal to the velocity of the metal sheet entering the pair of rolls.

Abstract: Disclosed is a hydraulic servomechanism including a control loop consisting of an input device, an adder-amplifier, a servovalve, a cylinder or actuator and a load operatively connected in the order named for controlling the position of the load, a position feedback loop and an acceleration feedback loop. In one embodiment of the invention, the hydraulic servomechanism further includes a feedback loop wherein an output from an accelerometer or pressure sensor for detecting a differential pressure across a piston in the cylinder and an error signal from the adder-amplifier are arithmetically processed and fed back to the adder-amplifier.

Abstract: A rolling mill capable of rolling a sheet metal into a final product under a low rolling pressure without the need of wrapping the sheet metal around a pair of work rolls. The pair of work rolls are rotated at different peripheral velocities, and the tensions exerted to the sheet metal entering and leaving the pair of work rolls as well as the degree of reduction are so controlled that the ratio of the peripheral velocity of one of the pair of work rolls which is rotated faster than the other work roll to the peripheral velocity of the other work roll may be substantially maintained equal to the elongation ratio of the thickness of the metal sheet entering the pair of work rolls to the thickness of the metal sheet leaving the work rolls.

Abstract: A rolling mill wherein a pair of upper and lower work rolls are rotated at different peripheral velocities with the peripheral velocity ratio being substantially equal to an elongation ratio at which a sheet metal is rolled, and the tensions exerted to the sheet metal entering and leaving the pair of work rolls are controlled in such a way that the velocity of the sheet metal entering the work rolls may be maintained equal to the peripheral velocity of one of the pair of work rolls which is rotated slower than the other while the velocity of said sheet metal leaving the work rolls may be maintained equal to the peripheral velocity of said the other work roll. Rolling may be accomplished without the need of wrapping the sheet metal around the work rolls, and the rolling pressure may be reduced to a degree comparable RD process.

Abstract: Addition polymerizable polymeric compounds produced by esterification reaction or addition reaction of a copolymer having pendent carboxyl groups and about 0.03 to 1.0 equivalent, based upon the carboxyl groups of said copolymer, of an ethylenically unsaturated compound having one oxirane ring, said copolymer being obtained by copolymerizing (1) about 10 to 95 percent by weight of at least one member selected from the group consisting of styrene and the methyl-substituted styrene derivatives (2) about 5 to 70 percent by weight of at least one ethylenically unsaturated mono- or di-carboxylic acid, its anhydride or its monoalkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms ester, (3) up to about 30 percent weight of at least one member selected from the group consisting of acrylonitrile and methacrylonitrile, (4) up to about 85 percent by weight of at least one compound of the formula ##EQU1## wherein R.sup.1 represents a hydrogen atom or methyl group; and R.sup.