Abstract: A method and a system for using flow cell batteries with mixed Fe/V electrolytes are provided. An exemplary method includes flowing an anolyte through a first channel in an electrochemical cell, wherein the first channel is formed in the space between an anode current collector and an ion exchange membrane. A catholyte is flowed through a second channel in the electrochemical cell, wherein the second channel is formed in the space between a cathode current collector and the ion exchange membrane, wherein the first channel and the second channel are separated by an ion exchange membrane, and wherein the catholyte includes a mixed electrolyte including both iron and vanadium ions. Ions are flowed through the ion exchange membrane to oxidize the anolyte and reduce the catholyte. An electric current is generated between the anode current collector and the cathode current collector.

Abstract: An electrolyte, a method for making the electrolyte, and a flow cell battery are provided. The electrolyte includes about 1.0 molar (M) to about 1.5 M iron ions and about 1.0 M to about 1.5 M vanadium ions.

Abstract: A method and a system for using flow cell batteries with mixed Fe/V electrolytes are provided. An exemplary method includes flowing an anolyte through a first channel in an electrochemical cell, wherein the first channel is formed in the space between an anode current collector and an ion exchange membrane. A catholyte is flowed through a second channel in the electrochemical cell, wherein the second channel is formed in the space between a cathode current collector and the ion exchange membrane, wherein the first channel and the second channel are separated by an ion exchange membrane, and wherein the catholyte includes a mixed electrolyte including both iron and vanadium ions. Ions are flowed through the ion exchange membrane to oxidize the anolyte and reduce the catholyte. An electric current is generated between the anode current collector and the cathode current collector.

Abstract: A solid oxide fuel cell assembly (SOFC) and a method for making the SOFC are provided. An exemplary method includes forming a functionalized zeolite templated carbon (ZTC). The functionalized ZTC is formed by forming a CaX zeolite, depositing carbon in the CaX zeolite using a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process to form a carbon/zeolite composite, treating the carbon/zeolite composite with a solution comprising hydrofluoric acid to form a ZTC, and treating the ZTC to add catalyst sites. The functionalized ZTC is incorporated into electrodes by forming a mixture of the functionalized ZTC with a calcined solid oxide electrolyte and calcining the mixture. The method includes forming an electrode assembly, forming the SOFC assembly, and coupling the SOFC assembly to a cooling system.

Abstract: Flow cell batteries and methods of producing an electric current are provided. In some implementations, a flow cell battery includes an electrochemical cell including an ion exchange membrane, an anode current collector, and a cathode current collector. The space between the ion exchange membrane and the anode current collector forms a first channel and the space between the ion exchange membrane and the cathode current collector forms a second channel. The ion exchange membrane is configured to allow ions to pass between the first and second channel. The battery includes a first tank configured to flow an anolyte through the first channel, wherein the anolyte is hydrogen gas. The battery includes a second tank configured to flow a catholyte through the second channel, wherein the catholyte is a compound that can be reversibly hydrogenated and dehydrogenated. The flow cell battery can be used to generate electric current.

Abstract: A polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell assembly, and a method for making the assembly, are provided. An exemplary method includes forming a functionalized zeolite templated carbon (ZTC), including forming a CaX zeolite, depositing carbon in the CaX zeolite using a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process to form a carbon/zeolite composite, treating the carbon/zeolite composite with a solution including hydrofluoric acid to form a ZTC, and treating the ZTC to add catalyst sites, forming the functionalized ZTC.

Abstract: A polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) electrolytic cell assembly, and a method for making the assembly, are provided. An exemplary method includes forming a functionalized zeolite templated carbon (ZTC), including forming a CaX zeolite, depositing carbon in the CaX zeolite using a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process to form a carbon/zeolite composite, treating the carbon/zeolite composite with a solution including hydrofluoric acid to form a ZTC, and treating the ZTC to add catalyst sites, forming the functionalized ZTC. The method further includes incorporating the functionalized ZTC into electrodes, forming a membrane electrode assembly (MEA), and forming the PEM electrolytic cell assembly. The method further includes coupling the PEM electrolytic cell assembly to a heat source.

Abstract: Solid oxide electrolytic cell assembly (SOEC) and methods for making SOECs are provided. An exemplary method includes forming a functionalized zeolite templated carbon (ZTC). The functionalized ZTC is formed by forming a CaX zeolite, depositing carbon in the CaX zeolite using a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process to form a carbon/zeolite composite, treating the carbon/zeolite composite with a solution including hydrofluoric acid to form a ZTC, and treating the ZTC to add catalyst sites. In the method, the functionalized ZTC is incorporated into electrodes by forming a mixture of the functionalized ZTC with a calcined solid oxide electrolyte, and calcining the mixture. The method includes forming an electrode assembly, forming the SO electrolytic cell assembly, and coupling the SO electrolytic cell assembly to a heat source.

Abstract: A solid oxide fuel cell assembly (SOFC) and a method for making the SOFC are provided. An exemplary method includes forming a functionalized zeolite templated carbon (ZTC). The functionalized ZTC is formed by forming a CaX zeolite, depositing carbon in the CaX zeolite using a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process to form a carbon/zeolite composite, treating the carbon/zeolite composite with a solution comprising hydrofluoric acid to form a ZTC, and treating the ZTC to add catalyst sites. The functionalized ZTC is incorporated into electrodes by forming a mixture of the functionalized ZTC with a calcined solid oxide electrolyte and calcining the mixture. The method includes forming an electrode assembly, forming the SOFC assembly, and coupling the SOFC assembly to a cooling system.

Abstract: A method and systems are provided for utilizing black powder to form an electrolyte for a flow battery. In an exemplary method the black powder is heated under an inert atmosphere to form Fe3O4. The Fe3O4 is dissolved in an acid solution to form an electrolyte solution. A ratio of iron (II) to iron (III) is adjusted by a redox process.

Abstract: A system and method for feeding carbon dioxide to a first cathode cavity of a first electrochemical cell, electrochemically reducing the carbon dioxide at a first cathode in the first electrochemical cell to carbon monoxide (CO), flowing the CO from the first cathode cavity to a second cathode cavity of a second electrochemical cell, and forming at least one of ethanol or ethylene from the CO at a second cathode in the second electrochemical cell. The forming of the at least one of ethanol or ethylene from the CO may involve dimerization of the CO at the second cathode to form CO dimer.

Abstract: Embodiments of this disclosure are directed to a parking indicator comprising a vehicle contact body, a pivoting contact body support, an elongated visibility indicator, an indicator actuating mechanism, and an indicator retracting mechanism. The pivoting contact body support is attached to the vehicle contact body and is configured to permit the vehicle contact body to pivot to a horizontally-oriented position when the vehicle contact body is grounded via the pivoting contact body support and is contacted by a vehicle entering a parking space occupied by the parking indicator. The elongated visibility indicator is mechanically coupled to the vehicle contact body via the indicator actuating mechanism such that the indicator actuating mechanism upholds the elongated visibility indicator in an extended position.

Abstract: A method of diffusing CO2 within a concrete mixture that includes mixing a non-recycled aggregate material with a CO2 gas in a pretreatment chamber of a concrete preparation system to form a CO2 adsorbed aggregate material, transferring the CO2 adsorbed aggregate material from the pretreatment chamber into a cement mixing chamber of the concrete preparation system, and mixing the CO2 adsorbed aggregate material with cement and water to form the concrete mixture, where mixing the CO2 adsorbed aggregate material with cement and water releases CO2 from the CO2 adsorbed aggregate material and diffuses CO2 into the concrete mixture to form a carbonated concrete mixture.

Abstract: A system and method with a solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC), including feeding carbon dioxide and an olefin to the SOEC and discharging carbon monoxide and an olefin oxide from the SOEC, wherein the olefin oxide corresponds to the olefin.

Abstract: Systems for accelerated carbonation curing of a pre-cast cementitious structure may include an ejector and a curing chamber downstream of the ejector. The ejector may be operable to combine a lesser-pressure carbon dioxide containing stream from a carbon dioxide source with a greater-pressure steam to produce a mixed stream including at least steam and carbon dioxide. The mixed stream may have a pressure greater than the pressure of the lesser-pressure carbon dioxide containing stream. The curing chamber may be operable to receive the mixed stream from the ejector and contact the mixed stream with the pre-cast cementitious structure to cure the pre-cast cementitious structure. Processes for accelerated carbonation curing of pre-cast cementitious structures using the systems are also disclosed.

Abstract: A cementitious print head and a cementitious printing methodology may include a feed barrel, a print head nozzle, a CO2 supply, a steam supply, a selective valve assembly in communication with the CO2 supply and the steam supply, a plurality of dual use extrusion head injectors, and a print head controller. The print head controller is operatively coupled to the selective valve assembly and is programmed to execute a CO2 and steam injection protocol where steam may be selected for injection by the extrusion head injectors into a cementitious composition as it is extruded from the print head nozzle to enhance a hydration reaction and formation of hydroxide in the cementitious composition before CO2 may be selected for injection by the extrusion head injectors into the cementitious composition as it is extruded from the print head nozzle to enhance a carbonation reaction in the cementitious composition.

Abstract: A method and systems are provided for utilizing black powder to form an electrolyte for a flow battery. In an exemplary method the black powder is heated under an inert atmosphere to form Fe3O4. The Fe3O4 is dissolved in an acid solution to form an electrolyte solution. A ratio of iron (II) to iron (III) is adjusted by a redox process.

Abstract: Embodiments provide a redox flow battery, an ion exchange membrane for use in the redox flow battery and a method for producing the ion exchanger membrane. The ion exchange membrane includes a base layer, a first hydrophobic layer, and a second hydrophobic layer. The base layer includes sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone). The base layer has a first surface and a second surface. The first hydrophobic layer includes a polydimethylsiloxane elastomer. The first hydrophobic layer is positioned on the first surface of the base layer. The second hydrophobic layer includes the polydimethylsiloxane elastomer. The second hydrophobic layer is positioned on the second surface of the base layer. The ion exchange membrane is configured to prevent cross contamination of the first electrolyte and the second electrolyte. The redox flow battery includes a first half-cell, a second half-cell, and the ion exchange membrane. The first half-cell includes a first electrolyte. The second half-cell includes a second electrolyte.

Abstract: A method of diffusing CO2 within a concrete mixture that includes mixing a non-recycled aggregate material with a CO2 gas in a pretreatment chamber of a concrete preparation system to form a CO2 adsorbed aggregate material, transferring the CO2 adsorbed aggregate material from the pretreatment chamber into a cement mixing chamber of the concrete preparation system, and mixing the CO2 adsorbed aggregate material with cement and water to form the concrete mixture, where mixing the CO2 adsorbed aggregate material with cement and water releases CO2 from the CO2 adsorbed aggregate material and diffuses CO2 into the concrete mixture to form a carbonated concrete mixture.

Abstract: According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a redox flow battery is provided comprising an ionically conductive separator, a working side flowing electrolyte, a working electrode in ionic contact with the working side of the ionically conductive separator and the working side flowing electrolyte, a counter electrode, and an auxiliary electrode peripherally circumscribed by the working electrode in a common layer of the flow battery. The auxiliary electrode is in ionic contact with the working electrode, an electrically insulating peripheral gap separates the auxiliary electrode from the working electrode. A working electrode terminal is conductively coupled to the working electrode, an auxiliary electrode terminal is conductively coupled to the auxiliary electrode, and a counter electrode terminal is conductively coupled to the counter electrode.