Abstract: It is intended to provide a crosslinked polyrotaxane formed by crosslinking polyrotaxane molecules via chemical bonds which exhibits excellent optical properties in water or in an aqueous solution of sodium chloride; a compound having this crosslinked polyrotaxane; and a process for producing the same. The above object can be achieved by a crosslinked polyrotaxane having at least two polyrotaxane molecules, wherein linear molecules are included in a skewered-like state at the opening of cyclodextrin molecules and blocking groups are provided at both ends of the linear molecules, so as to prevent the cyclodextrin molecules from leaving, and cyclodextrin molecules in at least two polyrotaxane molecules being bonded to each other via chemical bond, characterized in that hydroxyl (—OH) groups in the cyclodextrin molecules are partly substituted with non-ionic groups.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus including: a first and a second photoconductor groups constituted of one or more photoconductors respectively; a first and a second drive control sections for controlling the drive of the first and the second photoconductor groups respectively to rotate the photoconductors thereof, wherein the rotational phases of the first photoconductor group and the second photoconductor group are adjusted to be matched therebetween; and the first and the second drive control sections control so that predetermined profile of a target speed is applied to the first and second photoconductor groups wherein, in the target-speed profile, the first photoconductor group starts rotating after a elapse of a predetermined startup delay time from the second photoconductor group starts rotating, and both groups end at a same final speed predetermined for full-color image formation, wherein the startup delay time is predetermined based on measurements of times needed for each of the first and the second photo

Abstract: An image processing apparatus compares vector data of a target document and vector data of a stored document stored in the image processing apparatus, converts each of the vector data of the target document and the vector data of the stored document into text data and extracts a difference between the text data converted from the vector data of the target document and the text data converted from the vector data of the stored document to generate and store difference data in a text format.

Abstract: A pattern forming method includes a step of forming a photosensitive organic material layer by providing, on a substrate, a photosensitive organic material which is protected by a hydrophobic photodegradable group and is capable of generating a hydrophilic group selected from the group consisting of amino group, hydroxyl group, carboxyl group, and sulfo group by light irradiation; a step of selectively exposing the photosensitive organic material layer to light in a pattern to generate the hydrophilic group at an exposed portion; a step of providing a block polymer having a hydrophilic segment and a hydrophobic segment, on the photosensitive organic material layer after the exposure, to separate segments of the block polymer into the hydrophilic segment at a portion where the hydrophilic group generated by the exposure is present and the hydrophobic segment at a portion where the hydrophilic group is not present; and a step of removing one of the separated segments to form a pattern of the other segment.

Abstract: According to a coating method of the present invention, a second member 107 associated with the type of a silicon wafer 101 to be coated is selected, transferred into a coating chamber 102, and placed on a first member 103 thereby forming a susceptor 110. The associated second member 107 is most suitable for providing a uniform temperature distribution across the surface of the silicon wafer 110 and has a nonuniform thickness designed to correct the uniformity of the temperature distribution across the wafer. This arrangement allows minimization of the temperature variation across the surface of different types of silicon wafers 101 when a film is formed on them. The storage chamber 130 preferably includes heating means 131 for heating the second member.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing an optical component, the process including: disposing a transparent stamp tool on a substrate or an imaging element through a transparent ultraviolet-curable resin composition layer; and irradiating the resin composition layer with an ultraviolet ray through the transparent stamp tool to thereby cure the resin composition layer, in which a resin composition contained in the resin composition layer contains a thermosetting resin as a main component and a photo-acid generator, and the ultraviolet ray passing through the transparent stamp tool is an ultraviolet ray having a wavelength of 320 nm or more.

Abstract: A positioning apparatus comprises a controller for controlling a driving device, and positions a measurement portion of an optical element. The controller displaces a drive portion of the optical element by a specific operation of the driving device, and calculate a displacement of the optical element as a first displacement based on an output from a position measuring device, calculate a displacement of the optical element caused by the specific operation as a second displacement, based on an output from a wavefront measuring device configured to measure a wavefront of light directed by the optical element, based on a difference between the first displacement and the second displacement, calibrate a position of the optical element calculated from the output from the position measuring device, and store a result of the calibration, and control the driving device based on the stored calibration result and an output from the position measuring device.

Abstract: A compound or material having safety, namely, biocompatibility that exhibits such a nongel-gel transition that the state of being nongel is presented on the side of low temperature while the state of being crosslinked, for example, gel is presented on the side of high temperature. There is provided a crosslinked polyrotaxane at least two molecules of polyrotaxane consisting of cyclodextrin molecules having a linear molecule included in a skewed manner in cavities thereof and having capping groups at each end of the linear molecule so as to prevent detachment of the cyclodextrin molecules, the above at least two molecules of polyrotaxane crosslinked with each other via physical bonds, characterized in that the hydroxyls (—OH) of the cyclodextrin molecules are partially or wholly substituted with non-ionic groups.

Abstract: A light-emitting element emits a light beam and a light-receiving element receives the light beam emitted from the light-emitting element. The light emitting element is installed in such a manner that the light beam collides with a sprayed liquid droplet so that a spray failure of the liquid droplet is detected based on an output change of the light-receiving element. A mist shielding plate includes an elongated hole through which liquid droplets sprayed from a plurality of nozzles pass and prevents a mist floating apart from the liquid droplets from passing through the elongated hole.

Abstract: A data storage apparatus is provided that realizes a measure against deterioration of a flash memory in which integrity check data is stored. A content playback apparatus (1000) uses a hash value of playback history information as integrity check data (confirmation data) for confirming whether the playback history information has been falsified. A first address calculation unit (1004) and a second address calculation unit (1006) determine a read-in address and a storage destination address for the integrity check data, with use of the hash value. Accordingly, the storage destination addresses can be diffused, thus enabling preventing deterioration of the flash memory.

Abstract: In a memory using spin transfer torque, state of the spin is made unstable by applying a weak pulse before rewriting to reduce rewrite current. Reading of high-speed operation is performed with current in a regime where the current becomes non-linearly increases corresponding to the pulse width to suppress disturb. Further, fluctuation of respective memory cells is suppressed by a driving method setting the amount of spin constant by bit line charge to suppress read disturb.

Abstract: In MRAM using a spin-transfer torque switching, a sufficient writing operation with a small memory cell is realized, and a reading current is enlarged while a reading disturbance is suppressed. In the case where the free layer of the tunnel magneto-resistance element is located on the side of the bit line, using a PMOS transistor, and in the case where the fixed layer of the tunnel magneto-resistance element is located on the side of the bit line, using an NMOS transistor, an anti-parallel writing in a source grounding operation is performed. The reading and writing operation margin is improved by performing a reading operation in an anti-parallel writing direction.

Abstract: [Object] To achieve a compact point light source exhibiting multielement emission spectra with which multi elements can be simultaneously analyzed. [Solving Means] The light source includes a glass vessel 40 containing He gas; a plurality of micro hollow pipes 11 that are cylindrical with a diameter of 1 mm or less and made of copper or a copper alloy; an anode mesh 32 provided at ends of the micro hollow pipes 11 with an insulating spacer 33 between the anode mesh 32 and the ends; a metal wire 14 provided in the micro hollow pipe 11, the metal wire being made of an element corresponding to a desired light-source spectrum.

Abstract: An image processing method for calculating feature amounts of a facial part in a face on the basis of a plurality of image data obtained in chronological order, comparing the calculated feature amounts with a threshold value, and recognizing the facial part, includes: calculating face orientations on the basis of image data; storing, in a storage, the feature amounts calculated from the image data, the feature amounts being associated with the face orientations; and recognizing a facial part in different image data of the face other than the plurality of the image data on the basis of a feature amount calculated from the different image data, the feature amounts stored in the storage associated with the face orientation in the different image data, and a threshold.

Abstract: A near-field exposure apparatus includes a near-field exposure mask, a mechanism to place a substrate to be exposed, opposed to the near-field exposure mask, a mechanism to perform relative alignment of the near-field exposure mask and the substrate to be exposed, a mechanism to closely contact the near-field exposure mask and the substrate to be exposed, with each other, a mechanism to project exposure light to the near-field exposure mask, and a soft X-ray irradiating device to remove static electricity charged in at least one of the near-field exposure mask and the substrate to be exposed. The soft X-ray irradiating device is disposed at a side of the near-field exposure mask remote from the substrate to be exposed.

Abstract: A manufacturing method for semiconductor device includes: forming an opening, in a surface of a semiconductor substrate being composed of first atom, the opening having an opening ratio y to an area of the surface of the semiconductor substrate ranging from 5 to 30%; forming an epitaxial layer in the opening, the epitaxial layer being made of a mixed crystal containing a second atom in a concentration ranging from 15 to 25%, and the second atom having a lattice constant different from a lattice constant of the first atom; implanting impurity ion into the epitaxial layer; and performing activation annealing at a predetermined temperature T, the predetermined temperature T being equal to or higher than 1150° C. and satisfies a relationship of y?1E-5exp(21541/T).

Abstract: A color signal processing apparatus includes a total amount calculating unit, a limit value calculating unit and a correcting unit. The total amount calculating unit calculates a total amount value of an input color signal in an output device color space which has, as color components, colors of coloring materials used in an output device. The limit value calculating unit calculates a limit value for limiting a total amount of a color signal, in accordance with the calculated total amount value. The correcting unit corrects the input color signal in the output device color space so that the total amount value of the input color signal becomes the calculated limit value or less.

Abstract: A particle cluster for an aerosol deposition method, the particle cluster includes: an assembly packed with a plurality of fine particles including brittle material fine particles, the particle clusters having a spatula angle of 46.2° or less.

Abstract: A negative electrode for a battery has a collector, active material layer, and inorganic compound layer. The active material layer is formed on the collector. The inorganic compound layer is formed on the surface of the active material layer. The inorganic compound layer is expressed by general formula LixPTyOz or LixMOyNz. The compound composing the inorganic compound layer has lithium ion conductivity and excels in moisture resistance.

Abstract: The invention relates to printing print data and advertisement data and charging for the printing so that a printing fee is reduced in accordance with the printing of the advertisement data. A size of the advertisement data to be printed is input and the advertisement data and the input size are transmitted to a control apparatus. The control apparatus receives a print sheet size designation and output information, determines a layout which corresponds to a type of the output information, to secure an advertisement area for printing the advertisement data on the determined layout. The advertisement data is selected in accordance with the secured size in the layout, and at least one of a number of times of printing the advertisement data, a unit price of the advertisement data, print position settings of the advertisement data, a size adjusting method of the advertisement data, and an arrangement orientation of the advertisement data.