Patents by Inventor J. Leighton Read
J. Leighton Read has filed for patents to protect the following inventions. This listing includes patent applications that are pending as well as patents that have already been granted by the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO).
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Patent number: 6420169Abstract: A method for synthesizing oligonucleotides on a solid substrate. The method provides for the irradiation of a first predefined region of the substrate without irradiation of a second predefined region of the substrate. The irradiation step removes a protecting group therefrom. The substrate is contacted with a first nucleotide to couple the nucleotide to the substrate in the first predefined region. By repeating these steps, an array of diverse oligonucleotides is formed on the substrate.Type: GrantFiled: November 30, 1994Date of Patent: July 16, 2002Assignee: Affymetrix, Inc.Inventors: J. Leighton Read, Stephen P.A. Fodor, Lubert Stryer, Michael C. Pirrung, Paul D. Hoeprich, Jr.
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Patent number: 6416952Abstract: The present invention provides methods and apparatus for sequencing, fingerprinting and mapping biological macromolecules, typically biological polymers. The methods make use of a plurality of sequence specific recognition reagents which can also be used for classification of biological samples, and to characterize their sources.Type: GrantFiled: September 1, 2000Date of Patent: July 9, 2002Assignee: Affymetrix, Inc.Inventors: Michael C. Pirrung, Lubert Stryer, Stephen P. A. Fodor, J. Leighton Read
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Patent number: 6406844Abstract: A method and apparatus for preparation of a substrate containing a plurality of sequences. Photoremovable groups are attached to a surface of a substrate. Selected regions of the substrate are exposed to light so as to activate the selected areas. A monomer, also containing a photoremovable group, is provided to the substrate to bind at the selected areas. The process is repeated using a variety of monomers such as amino acids until sequences of a desired length are obtained. Detection methods and apparatus are also disclosed.Type: GrantFiled: June 1, 1995Date of Patent: June 18, 2002Assignee: Affymetrix, Inc.Inventors: Michael C. Pirrung, J. Leighton Read, Stephen P. A. Fodor, Lubert Stryer
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Patent number: 6403320Abstract: The present invention provides methods and apparatus for sequencing, fingerprinting and mapping biological macromolecules, typically biological polymers. The methods make use of a plurality of sequence specific recognition reagents which can also be used for classification of biological samples, and to characterize their sources.Type: GrantFiled: October 5, 2000Date of Patent: June 11, 2002Assignee: Affymetrix, Inc.Inventors: J. Leighton Read, Stephen P. A. Fodor, Lubert Stryer, Michael C. Pirrung
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Patent number: 6403957Abstract: A method and apparatus for preparation of a substrate containing a plurality of sequences. Photoremovable groups are attached to a surface of a substrate. Selected regions of the substrate are exposed to light so as to activate the selected areas. A monomer, also containing a photoremovable group; is provided to the substrate to bind at the selected areas. The process is repeated using a variety of monomers such as amino acids until sequences of a desired length are obtained. Detection methods and apparatus are also disclosed.Type: GrantFiled: October 16, 2000Date of Patent: June 11, 2002Assignee: Affymetrix, Inc.Inventors: Stephen P. A. Fodor, J. Leighton Read, Lubert Stryer, Michael C. Pirrung
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Publication number: 20020064796Abstract: A method and apparatus for preparation of a substrate containing a plurality of sequences. Photoremovable groups are attached to a surface of a substrate. Selected regions of the substrate are exposed to light so as to activate the selected areas. A monomer, also containing a photoremovable group, is provided to the substrate to bind at the selected areas. The process is repeated using a variety of monomers such as amino acids until sequences of a desired length are obtained. Detection methods and apparatus are also disclosed.Type: ApplicationFiled: December 6, 2001Publication date: May 30, 2002Applicant: Affymetrix, Inc.Inventors: Lubert Stryer, Michael C. Pirrung, J. Leighton Read, Stephen P. A. Fodor
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Patent number: 6379895Abstract: The present invention provides methods and apparatus for sequencing, fingerprinting and mapping biological macromolecules, typically biological polymers. The methods make use of a plurality of sequence specific recognition reagents which can also be used for classification of biological samples, and to characterize their sources.Type: GrantFiled: September 1, 2000Date of Patent: April 30, 2002Assignee: Affymetrix, Inc.Inventors: Stephen P. A. Fodor, J. Leighton Read, Lubert Stryer, Michael C. Pirrung
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Patent number: 6346413Abstract: A synthetic strategy for the creation of large scale chemical diversity. Solid-phase chemistry, photolabile protecting groups, and photolithography are used to achieve light-directed spatially-addressable parallel chemical synthesis. Binary masking techniques are utilized in one embodiment. A reactor system, photoremovable protective groups, and improved data collection and handling techniques are also disclosed. A technique for screening linker molecules is also provided.Type: GrantFiled: November 17, 1999Date of Patent: February 12, 2002Assignee: Affymetrix, Inc.Inventors: Stephen P. A. Fodor, Lubert Stryer, J. Leighton Read, Michael C. Pirrung
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Patent number: 6329143Abstract: A method and apparatus for preparation of a substrate containing a plurality of sequences. Photoremovable groups are attached to a surface of a substrate. Selected regions of the substrate are exposed to light so as to activate the selected areas. A monomer, also containing a photoremovable group, is provided to the substrate to bind at the selected areas. The process is repeated using a variety of monomers such as amino acids until sequences of a desired length are obtained. Detection methods and apparatus are also disclosed.Type: GrantFiled: August 4, 1998Date of Patent: December 11, 2001Assignee: Affymetrix, Inc.Inventors: Lubert Stryer, Michael C. Pirrung, J. Leighton Read, Stephen P. A. Fodor
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Patent number: 6310189Abstract: A synthetic strategy for the creation of large scale chemical diversity. Solid-phase chemistry, photolabile protecting groups, and photolithography are used to achieve light-directed spatially-addressable parallel chemical synthesis. Binary masking techniques are utilized in one embodiment. A reactor system, photoremovable protective groups, and improved data collection and handling techniques are also disclosed. A technique for screening linker molecules is also provided.Type: GrantFiled: January 25, 2000Date of Patent: October 30, 2001Assignee: Affymetrix, Inc.Inventors: Stephen P. A. Fodor, Lubert Stryer, J. Leighton Read, Michael C. Pirrung
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Patent number: 6291183Abstract: A method and apparatus for preparation of a substrate containing a plurality of sequences. Photoremovable groups are attached to a surface of a substrate. Selected regions of the substrate are exposed to light so as to activate the selected areas. A monomer, also containing a photoremovable group, is provided to the substrate to bind at the selected areas. The process is repeated using a variety of monomers such as amino acids until sequences of a desired length are obtained. Detection methods and apparatus are also disclosed.Type: GrantFiled: November 17, 1999Date of Patent: September 18, 2001Assignee: Affymetrix, Inc.Inventors: Michael C. Pirrung, J. Leighton Read, Stephen P. A. Fodor, Lubert Stryer
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Patent number: 6261776Abstract: A method and apparatus for preparation of a substrate containing a plurality of sequences. Photoremovable groups are attached to a surface of a substrate. Selected regions of the substrate are exposed to light so as to activate the selected areas. A monomer, also containing a photoremovable group, is provided to the substrate to bind at the selected areas. The process is repeated using a variety of monomers such as amino acids until sequences of a desired length are obtained. Detection methods and apparatus are also disclosed.Type: GrantFiled: April 15, 1999Date of Patent: July 17, 2001Assignee: Affymetrix, Inc.Inventors: Michael C. Pirrung, J. Leighton Read, Stephen P. A. Fodor, Lubert Stryer
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Patent number: 6225625Abstract: A method and apparatus for preparation of a substrate containing a plurality of sequences. Photoremovable groups are attached to a surface of a substrate. Selected regions of the substrate are exposed to light so as to activate the selected areas. A monomer, also containing a photoremovable group, is provided to the substrate to bind at the selected areas. The process is repeated using a variety of monomers such as amino acids until sequences of a desired length are obtained. Detection methods and apparatus are also disclosed.Type: GrantFiled: June 1, 1995Date of Patent: May 1, 2001Assignee: Affymetrix, Inc.Inventors: Michael C. Pirrung, J. Leighton Read, Stephen P. A. Fodor, Lubert Stryer
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Patent number: 5744305Abstract: A synthetic strategy for the creation of large scale chemical diversity. Solid-phase chemistry, photolabile protecting groups, and photolithography are used to achieve light-directed spatially-addressable parallel chemical synthesis. Binary masking techniques are utilized in one embodiment. A reactor system, photoremovable protective groups, and improved data collection and handling techniques are also disclosed. A technique for screening linker molecules is also provided.Type: GrantFiled: June 6, 1995Date of Patent: April 28, 1998Assignee: Affymetrix, Inc.Inventors: Stephen P.A. Fodor, Lubert Stryer, J. Leighton Read, Michael C. Pirrung
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Patent number: 5510270Abstract: A method for synthesizing and screening oligonucleotides on a solid substrate. The method provides for the irradiation of a first predefined region of a substrate comprising immobilized nucleotides on its surface, without irradiation of a second predefined region of the substrate. The irradiation step removes a protecting group from the immobilized nucleotides. The substrate is contacted with a first nucleotide to couple the nucleotide to the immobilized nucleotides in the first predefined region without coupling in the second predefined region. At least a part of the first predefined region and at least a part of the second predefined region are subjected to further irradiation. The substrate is contacted with a second nucleotide, which couples to the immobilized nucleotides in at least part of the first and at least part of the second predefined regions. By repeating these steps, an array of diverse oligonucleotides is formed on the substrate.Type: GrantFiled: September 30, 1992Date of Patent: April 23, 1996Assignee: Affymax Technologies N.V.Inventors: Stephen P. A. Fodor, Michael C. Pirrung, J. Leighton Read, Lubert Stryer
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Patent number: 5445934Abstract: A method and apparatus for preparation of a substrate containing a plurality of sequences. Photoremovable groups are attached to a surface of a substrate. Selected regions of the substrate are exposed to light so as to activate the selected areas. A monomer, also containing a photoremovable group, is provided to the substrate to bind at the selected areas. The process is repeated using a variety of monomers such as amino acids until sequences of a desired length are obtained. Detection methods and apparatus are also disclosed.Type: GrantFiled: September 30, 1992Date of Patent: August 29, 1995Assignee: Affymax Technologies N.V.Inventors: Stephen P. A. Fodor, Michael C. Pirrung, J. Leighton Read, Lubert Stryer
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Patent number: 5424186Abstract: A method for synthesizing oligonucleotides on a solid substrate. The method provides for the irradiation of a first predefined region of the substrate without irradiation of a first predefined region of the substrate. The irradiation of a second predefined region of the substrate. The irradiation step removes a protecting group therefrom. The substrate is contacted with a first nucleotide to couple the nucleotide to the substrate in the first predefined region. By repeating these steps, an array of diverse oligonucleotides is formed on the substrate.Type: GrantFiled: December 6, 1991Date of Patent: June 13, 1995Assignee: Affymax Technologies N.V.Inventors: Stephen P. A. Fodor, Lubert Stryer, Michael C. Pirrung, J. Leighton Read
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Patent number: 5405783Abstract: A technique for the synthesis of arrays of diverse polymers such as polypeptides and nucleic acids. The technique beneficially utilizes solid-phase chemistry techniques. Preferred embodiments utilize photolabile protecting groups, and photolithography. The technique forms polymers with monomer sequences and locations determined by the order of addition of monomers and the activation patterns formed on the substrate.Type: GrantFiled: March 12, 1992Date of Patent: April 11, 1995Assignee: Affymax Technologies N.V.Inventors: Michael C. Pirrung, J. Leighton Read, Stephen P. A. Fodor, Lubert Stryer
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Patent number: 5143854Abstract: Polypeptide arrays can be synthesized on a substrate by attaching photoremovable groups to the surface of a substrate, exposing selected regions of the substrate to light to activate those regions, attaching an amino acid monomer with a photoremovable group to the activated regions, and repeating the steps of activation and attachment until polypeptides of the desired length and sequences are synthesized. The resulting array can be used to determine which peptides on the array can bind to a receptor.Type: GrantFiled: March 7, 1990Date of Patent: September 1, 1992Assignee: Affymax Technologies N.V.Inventors: Michael C. Pirrung, J. Leighton Read, Stephen P. A. Fodor, Lubert Stryer