Abstract: A method for determining optimized system parameters of a technical system using a cost function. The cost function is provided for determining optimized system parameters of the technical system. The technical system has system parameter-adjustable components. When the system parameters are set, the technical system generates component output values.

Abstract: A method for determining technical system parameters using a cost function. The technical system has system parameter-adjustable components. When system parameters are set, the technical system generates component output values. The method includes determining a definition space in which the cost function lies, determining random system parameters in the definition space, applying the random system parameters to the technical system and determining the output values, technical system modeling by training a statistical analysis method, generating technical system rules using the system parameters and the output values, generating probability functions using the rules, each indicating the probability which satisfy the rules by any cost function, combining probability functions to determine the cost function by maximizing overall probability of all rules, optimizing the system parameters given the cost function, and outputting the optimized system parameters for adjusting the technical system components.

Abstract: The invention relates to a plate heat exchanger 1 with at least two cuboidal modules 1a, 1b. The two modules 1a and 1b are cuboidal and are each closed to the outside by cover sheets 5. The two modules 1a and 1b are arranged such that in each case, cover sheets 9a and 9b of the same size are directly adjacent. On the contact surfaces, sections 20a, 20b are welded that prevent movement of the two modules 1a, 1b perpendicular to the contact surfaces 9a, 9b either alone or with an additional formed part 50.

Abstract: A supporting body (1) for guiding or tensioning a circumferential traction mechanism of a traction drive, a front side (12) that has an elongated sliding surface for making contact with the traction mechanism, a rear side (2) that lies opposite and includes an elongated receiving groove (5) for form-fittingly receiving a reinforcement panel, the receiving groove (5) being formed by delimiting elements (3) which protrude, at the sides of the groove, from the rear side, and at least two delimiting elements (3, 3?) on one side of the receiving groove (5) being separated in the longitudinal direction by a spacing in the form of a gap (4).

Abstract: A method for producing a plate heat exchanger with at least two heat exchanger blocks which are produced separately from one another in a soldering furnace Each heat exchanger block has multiple separating sheets arranged parallel to one another and which form a plurality of beat exchanger passages for fluids involved in a heat exchange process. At least one support provided with solder is heated in order to melt the solder, the support is arranged between opposing outer surfaces of the heat exchanger blocks to be connected which are placed one on top of the other or adjacently, the support(s) thus being fixed between the opposing outer surfaces. After the solder is hardened, a bonded and heat-conductive connection is produced between the heat exchanger blocks. Sheets or wire arrangement can be used as the supports.

Abstract: The present invention is related to a process for the preparation of polymers containing amino groups by hydrogenation of nitrile groups containing polymers by heterogeneous catalysis.

Abstract: The invention relates to a heating surface element (2, 3) for a plate heat exchanger (10); said heating surface element (2, 3) is designed and provided to be placed between two parallel separation walls (4) of the plate heat exchanger such that a plurality of ducts (31) for holding a fluid is formed. According to the invention, the heating surface element (2, 3) is produced using 3D printing. The invention further relates to a plate heat exchanger and a method for producing a heating element and a plate heat exchanger.

Abstract: A supporting body (1) for guiding or tensioning a circumferential traction mechanism of a traction drive, a front side (12) that has an elongated sliding surface for making contact with the traction mechanism, a rear side (2) that lies opposite and includes an elongated receiving groove (5) for form-fittingly receiving a reinforcement panel, the receiving groove (5) being formed by delimiting elements (3) which protrude, at the sides of the groove, from the rear side, and at least two delimiting elements (3, 3?) on one side of the receiving groove (5) being separated in the longitudinal direction by a spacing in the form of a gap (4).

Abstract: The present invention is related to a process for the preparation of polymers containing amino groups by hydrogenation of nitrile groups containing polymers by heterogeneous catalysis.

Abstract: A method for producing a plate heat exchanger with at least two heat exchanger blocks which are produced separately from one another in a soldering furnace. Each heat exchanger block has multiple separating sheets arranged parallel to one another and which form a plurality of heat exchanger passages for fluids involved in a heat exchange process. At least one support provided with solder is heated in order to melt the solder, the support is arranged between opposing outer surfaces of the heat exchanger blocks to be connected which are placed one on top of the other or adjacently, the support(s) thus being fixed between the opposing outer surfaces. After the solder is hardened, a bonded and heat-conductive connection is produced between the heat exchanger blocks. Sheets or wire arrangement can be used as the supports.

Abstract: The invention relates to a carboxylic acid derivatives of benzoheterocyclyl pyridines and benzoheterocyclyl pyrimidines of general formula (I) and to the use thereof as herbicides.

Abstract: The invention relates to a plate heat exchanger with at least two heat exchanger blocks. Each heat exchanger block has several sheets, arranged parallel to one another, that form a plurality of heat-exchange passages for fluids. The heat exchanger blocks are joined to one another via joining means and have at least one common header. A metal foam, that joins the outside surfaces of adjacent heat exchanger blocks to one another, is introduced into an interspace of adjacent heat exchanger blocks. In this way, a blanket heat-conductive and non-positive joining is provided between the opposing outside surfaces of adjacent heat exchanger blocks.

Abstract: The invention relates to a carboxylic acid derivatives of benzoheterocyclyl pyridines and benzoheterocyclyl pyrimidines of general formula (I) and to the use thereof as herbicides.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of 2-isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol (D,L-menthol) via the hydrogenation of thymol to menthone and subsequent further hydrogenation to give D,L-menthol.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of 2-isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol (menthol) via the hydrogenation of thymol to neomenthol and the subsequent isomerization to give D/L (+/?)-menthol.

Abstract: Probes are electrically connected to a surface of a tunnel junction film stack comprising a free layer, a tunnel barrier, and a pinned layer. Resistances are determined for a variety of probe spacings and for a number of magnetizations of one of the layers of the stack. The probe spacings are a distance from a length scale, which is related to the Resistance-Area (RA) product of the tunnel junction film stack. Spacings from as small as possible to about 40 times the length scale are used. Beneficially, the smallest spacing between probes used during a resistance measurement is under 100 microns. A measured in-plane MagnetoResistance (MR) curve is determined from the “high” and “low” resistances that occur at the two magnetizations of this layer. The RA product, resistances per square of the free and pinned layers, and perpendicular MR are determined through curve fitting.

Abstract: Probes are electrically connected to a surface of a tunnel junction film stack comprising a free layer, a tunnel barrier, and a pinned layer. Resistances are determined for a variety of probe spacings and for a number of magnetizations of one of the layers of the stack. The probe spacings are a distance from a length scale, which is related to the Resistance-Area (RA) product of the tunnel junction film stack. Spacings from as small as possible to about 40 times the length scale are used. Beneficially, the smallest spacing between probes used during a resistance measurement is under 100 microns. A measured in-plane MagnetoResistance (MR) curve is determined from the “high” and “low” resistances that occur at the two magnetizations of this layer. The RA product, resistances per square of the free and pinned layers, and perpendicular MR are determined through curve fitting.

Abstract: Probes are electrically connected to a surface of a tunnel junction film stack comprising a free layer, a tunnel barrier, and a pinned layer. Resistances are determined for a variety of probe spacings and for a number of magnetizations of one of the layers of the stack. The probe spacings are a distance from a length scale, which is related to the Resistance-Area (RA) product of the tunnel junction film stack. Spacings from as small as possible to about 40 times the length scale are used. Beneficially, the smallest spacing between probes used during a resistance measurement is under 100 microns. A measured in-plane MagnetoResistance (MR) curve is determined from the “high” and “low” resistances that occur at the two magnetizations of this layer. The RA product, resistances per square of the free and pinned layers, and perpendicular MR are determined through curve fitting.

Abstract: Probes are electrically connected to a surface of a tunnel junction film stack comprising a free layer, a tunnel barrier, and a pinned layer. Resistances are determined for a variety of probe spacings and for a number of magnetizations of one of the layers of the stack. The probe spacings are a distance from a length scale, which is related to the Resistance-Area (RA) product of the tunnel junction film stack. Spacings from as small as possible to about 40 times the length scale are used. Beneficially, the smallest spacing between probes used during a resistance measurement is under 100 microns. A measured in-plane MagnetoResistance (MR) curve is determined from the “high” and “low” resistances that occur at the two magnetizations of this layer. The RA product, resistances per square of the free and pinned layers, and perpendicular MR are determined through curve fitting.

Abstract: Probes are electrically connected to a surface of a tunnel junction film stack comprising a free layer, a tunnel barrier, and a pinned layer. Resistances are determined for a variety of probe spacings and for a number of magnetizations of one of the layers of the stack. The probe spacings are a distance from a length scale, which is related to the Resistance-Area (RA) product of the tunnel junction film stack. Spacings from as small as possible to about 40 times the length scale are used. Beneficially, the smallest spacing between probes used during a resistance measurement is under 100 microns. A measured in-plane MagnetoResistance (MR) curve is determined from the “high” and “low” resistances that occur at the two magnetizations of this layer. The RA product, resistances per square of the free and pinned layers, and perpendicular MR are determined through curve fitting.