Abstract: In one embodiment the semiconductor laser comprises a carrier and an edge-emitting laser diode which is mounted on the carrier and which comprises an active zone for generating a laser radiation and a facet with a radiation exit region. The semiconductor laser further comprises a protective cover, preferably a lens for collimation of the laser radiation. The protective cover is fastened to the facet and to a side surface of the carrier by means of an adhesive. A mean distance between a light entrance side of the protective cover and the facet is at most 60 ?m. The semiconductor laser is configured to be operated in a normal atmosphere without additional gas-tight encapsulation.

Abstract: The present application relates to the use of a phthalazinedione in the prevention or treatment of sequelae of a SARS-CoV-2 infection. Pharmaceutical compositions, combinations, advantageous formulation techniques and a method of treatment are disclosed.

Abstract: Capacitive door handle sensor comprising at least one transmission electrode and a reception electrode, an operational amplifier configured as a charge amplifier and connected to the reception electrode, a switch for charge transfer, a first and a second switch for discharging the two operational amplifier inputs and, a capacitor arranged between the output and the inverting input of the operational amplifier, and a control unit for controlling and evaluating the measurement, wherein the control unit comprises a reference potential switching output which is connected to a terminal of the switch and is configured to selectively control a capacitance measurement between the transmission electrodes and the reception electrode or between the reception electrode and ground. Furthermore, methods for setting different operating modes are claimed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing compounds of formula (I) in which R1, A, X and Z are as defined in the description by reaction of compounds of formula (II) or salts thereof with 2-chloro-5-chloromethylpyridine in a nonpolar aliphatic or aromatic solvent, preferably in the presence of a phase transfer catalyst.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing compounds of formula (I) in which R1, A, X and Z are as defined in the description by reaction of compounds of formula (II) or salts thereof with 2-chloro-5-chloromethylpyridine in a nonpolar aliphatic or aromatic solvent, preferably in the presence of a phase transfer catalyst.

Abstract: Capacitive door handle sensor comprising at least one transmission electrode and a reception electrode, an operational amplifier configured as a charge amplifier and connected to the reception electrode, a switch for charge transfer, a first and a second switch for discharging the two operational amplifier inputs and, a capacitor arranged between the output and the inverting input of the operational amplifier, and a control unit for controlling and evaluating the measurement, wherein the control unit comprises a reference potential switching output which is connected to a terminal of the switch and is configured to selectively control a capacitance measurement between the transmission electrodes and the reception electrode or between the reception electrode and ground. Furthermore, methods for setting different operating modes are claimed.

Abstract: An evaluation circuit for a capacitive sensor for detecting the distance, speed, or position of an object, comprises a reference capacitance and a measuring capacitance. A square wave voltage is applied to the reference capacitance and the measuring capacitance via a resistor, and a pulse which has a variable duration is obtained with the aid of a logic linking unit. The reference capacitance is connected to a first switching stage and the measuring capacitance is connected to a further switching stage. A single measuring capacitance has a capacitive coupling to an auxiliary electrode, and the switching stages are part of a logic linking unit. An output of the logic linking unit is connected to an integration stage. A charging capacitor (Ca) is charged or discharged via an output of the integration stage.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a method for operating a pulse generator for generating measuring pulses for a capacitive sensor having an adjustable pulse time in the range from 10 ns to 200 ns, having a controllable delay circuit which contains a first integrating RC combination (RT1/CT1) and a second integrating RC combination (RT2/CT2), having a logical combining element having two inputs and one output, an initialization circuit and a control unit, wherein the first input of the logical combining element receives a clock signal, and the second input of the logical combining element receives an analog setting signal (SSE) from the output of the delay circuit, wherein two simultaneous clock signals are generated, of which the first clock signal (T) is led without delay to the first input of the logical combining element, and the second clock signal (T2), delayed by the delay circuit, is led to the second input of the logical combining element, time-variable output pulses are generated with the aid of time-variab

Abstract: The present invention provides an electronic circuit for controlling an actuator comprising a transceiver unit (1) for a bus system the bus terminal (2) of which has a monostable behavior with an active period of greater than 1 ms, wherein the transceiver unit (1) is controlled by a microcontroller (3), wherein the monostable behavior of the transceiver unit (1) is switched off with additionally superimposed control pulses, wherein the time interval between two control pulses is smaller than the monostable active period of the transceiver unit (1) and the control pulses are generated by temporal combination of two control signals the time resolution of which is lower than the pulse duration of the control pulses derived therefrom, which is implemented by use of a RC combination (4) and/or a logic gate (6) with a differentiating or delaying effect.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an evaluation circuit for a capacitive sensor for detecting the distance, speed or position of an object, comprising a reference capacitance and two measuring capacitances, wherein the reference capacitance and the measuring capacitances are supplied with a square-wave voltage via a resistor, and wherein by use of a logic unit a time variable pulse is obtained the duration of which is a measure for the respective measuring capacitance.

Abstract: The invention relates to a capacitive sensor, the associated evaluation circuit and an actuator for a motor vehicle having the above-mentioned sensor for detecting the distance, speed, or position of an object, having a reference capacitance and two measuring capacitances, wherein a square-wave voltage is applied to the reference capacitance and the measuring capacitances via a resistor and a pulse which has a variable period and represents a measure of the particular measuring capacitance is obtained with the aid of a switching stage.

Abstract: An evaluation circuit for a capacitive sensor for detecting the distance, speed, or position of an object, comprises a reference capacitance and a measuring capacitance. A square wave voltage is applied to the reference capacitance and the measuring capacitance via a resistor, and a pulse which has a variable duration is obtained with the aid of a logic linking unit. The reference capacitance is connected to a first switching stage and the measuring capacitance is connected to a further switching stage. A single measuring capacitance has a capacitive coupling to an auxiliary electrode, and the switching stages are part of a logic linking unit. An output of the logic linking unit is connected to an integration stage. A charging capacitor (Ca) is charged or discharged via an output of the integration stage.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an evaluation circuit for a capacitive sensor for detecting the distance, speed or position of an object, comprising a reference capacitance and two measuring capacitances, wherein the reference capacitance and the measuring capacitances are supplied with a square-wave voltage via a resistor, and wherein by use of a logic unit a time variable pulse is obtained the duration of which is a measure for the respective measuring capacitance.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a method for operating a pulse generator for generating measuring pulses for a capacitive sensor having an adjustable pulse time in the range from 10 ns to 200 ns, having a controllable delay circuit which contains a first integrating RC combination (RT1/CT1) and a second integrating RC combination (RT2/CT2), having a logical combining element having two inputs and one output, an initialization circuit and a control unit, wherein the first input of the logical combining element receives a clock signal, and the second input of the logical combining element receives an analog setting signal (SSE) from the output of the delay circuit, wherein two simultaneous clock signals are generated, of which the first clock signal (T) is led without delay to the first input of the logical combining element, and the second clock signal (T2), delayed by the delay circuit, is led to the second input of the logical combining element, time-variable output pulses are generated with the aid of time-variab

Abstract: The invention relates to a capacitive sensor, the associated evaluation circuit and an actuator for a motor vehicle having the above-mentioned sensor for detecting the distance, the speed or the position of an object, having a reference capacitance 1 and two measuring capacitances 2, wherein a square-wave voltage 3 is applied to the reference capacitance 1 and the measuring capacitances 2 via a resistor and a pulse 7 which has a variable period and represents a measure of the particular measuring capacitance 2 is obtained with the aid of a switching stage 4, wherein the reference capacitance 1 is connected to the input of a first switching stage 41 and the measuring capacitances 2 are connected to the inputs of further switching stages 42, 43, wherein the switching stages 42, 43 have enable inputs which are controlled by the output of the first switching stage 41, wherein the outputs of the switching stages 42, 43 are each connected to the input of one of the integration stages 5, wherein a charging capacitor

Abstract: The subject matter of the invention is a chain link of an energy-guiding chain for guiding cables, lines, hoses and the like between a positionally fixed connection point and a moveable connection point, wherein the chain link is formed in one piece from at least one plastic by two lugs, which are arranged spaced apart from one another, and at least one transverse web which connects the lugs by means of a connecting region. At least one of the lugs has at least one recess which is formed adjacent to the connecting region.

Abstract: A circuit arrangement is described for detecting the capacitance or change of capacitance of a capacitive circuit element or of a component, specifically of a sensor capacitor (1), with a control unit (2) ,with a monostable multivibrator (3) triggered by the control unit (2), and with an evaluation unit (4), the monostable multivibrator (3) having a first input (5) which is connected to the control unit (2), a second input (6)which is connected to the sensor capacitor (1), and one output (7), of the monostable multivibrator (3) is triggered by the control unit (2) at the output (7) of the monostable multivibrator (3) an output signal or output signals appearing, with a time duration which is proportional to the capacitance of the sensor capacitor (1), the output signal or output signals of the monostable multivibrator (3)being converted into a signal voltage proportional to its or their duration, and in the evaluation unit (4) a detection value corresponding to the capacitance or change of capacitance of the

Abstract: The invention relates to a chain link for a power transmission chain, at least partly embodied from a composition containing at least: a. a recyclable raw material, b. a material for binding said recyclable raw material and c. optional adjuncts and additives. In comparison to conventional chain links, the above chain link can be produced in a more environmentally-friendly and economical manner with a saving of non-recyclable raw materials, such as for example crude oil whilst retaining similar or adequate functional properties in comparison with conventional chain links for power transmission chains.

Abstract: Circuit arrangement for detecting the capacitance or capacitance change of a capacitive circuit element, has a control unit, a monostable multivibrator triggered by the control unit, and an evaluation unit. The monostable multivibrator has an input connected to the control unit, a second input connected to the sensor capacitor, and an output. When the monostable multivibrator is triggered by the control unit, an output signal appears at the output of the monostable multivibrator having a time duration proportional to the capacitance of the sensor capacitor, and is converted into a signal voltage proportional to signal duration from which a detection value corresponding to the capacitance or change of capacitance is obtained in the evaluation unit. The output of the monostable multivibrator is to a constant current generator that is controlled by its output signal and an integrator that converts the current from the constant current generator into the signal voltage.

Abstract: A capacitive proximity switch for detecting the change in the capacitance relative to a setpoint capacitance by the approach or retreat of an object in the sensitive area of a proximity switch, especially for use in the door handle of a motor vehicle, provides reliable error detection and error suppression at a fundamentally high sensitivity of the capacitive proximity switch by utilizing an evaluation unit that evaluates a measured value of the change in capacitance over time and depending on the time behavior of the measured value activates changes the operating threshold from a first threshold (which can be caused by a false object coming into or out of the sensitive area of the proximity switch) to a higher second threshold which can be reached only at a relatively greater change in capacitance caused by a target object coming into or out of the sensitive area of the proximity switch.