Abstract: A capacitive proximity switch for detecting the change in the capacitance relative to a setpoint capacitance by the approach or retreat of an object in the sensitive area of a proximity switch, especially for use in the door handle of a motor vehicle, provides reliable error detection and error suppression at a fundamentally high sensitivity of the capacitive proximity switch by utilizing an evaluation unit that evaluates a measured value of the change in capacitance over time and depending on the time behavior of the measured value activates changes the operating threshold from a first threshold (which can be caused by a false object coming into or out of the sensitive area of the proximity switch) to a higher second threshold which can be reached only at a relatively greater change in capacitance caused by a target object coming into or out of the sensitive area of the proximity switch.

Abstract: A circuit arrangement for detecting the capacitance or capacitance change of a capacitive circuit element or component, in which there is a capacitive noise voltage compensation element, which corresponds to the sensor capacitor, represented as a noise voltage compensation capacitor, and a noise voltage compensation electrode of the noise voltage compensation capacitor, which corresponds to the first electrode of the sensor capacitor, is connected to the second electrode of a storage capacitor. The noise voltage compensation capacitor can be influenced in the same way as the sensor capacitor by the LF noise voltage. In this way, the adulteration of the measurement result by LF noise voltages which otherwise occurs no longer takes place.

Abstract: A proximity switch is described, specifically a capacitive proximity switch, with two signal transmitters (1, 2) and with one signal receiver (3), a first signal output (4, 5) of each of the two signal transmitters (1, 2) being connected to one another and to a first signal input (6) of the signal receiver (3), and a second signal output (7, 8) of each of the two signal transmitters (1, 2) being connected via a respective signal transmission path (9, 10) to a second signal input (11) of the signal receiver (3), and at least one of the two signal transmission paths (9, 10) can be influenceable by an actuating object.

Abstract: A circuit arrangement for detecting the capacitance or capacitance change of a capacitive circuit element or component, in which there is a capacitive noise voltage compensation element, which corresponds to the sensor capacitor, represented as a noise voltage compensation capacitor, and a noise voltage compensation electrode of the noise voltage compensation capacitor, which corresponds to the first electrode of the sensor capacitor, is connected to the second electrode of a storage capacitor. The noise voltage compensation capacitor can be influenced in the same way as the sensor capacitor by the LF noise voltage. In this way, the adulteration of the measurement result by LF noise voltages which otherwise occurs no longer takes place.

Abstract: A capacitive switch is presented including an oscillator, with a gauge length and an evaluation circuit. The oscillator delivers a measurement signal and the gauge length has at least one sensor with a sending electrode and a measurement electrode. The switch has a low noise emission and is especially invulnerable to incident noise due to the fact that there is a noise source and two correlators. In the first correlator, frequency-spreading of the measurement signal takes place. The frequency-spreading measurement signal is connected to the second input of the second correlator and to the sending electrode. The measurement electrode is connected to the first input of the second correlator.

Abstract: A circuit for acquisition of the capacitance or capacitance change of a capacitive circuit component with a clock generator (1), changeover contact (2) controlled by the clock generator (1), a storage capacitor (3), a voltage source (4), and an evaluation stage (5). An electrode of the capacitive circuit component is connected to the input (7) of the changeover contact (2), a first output (8) of the changeover contact (2) is connected to a first electrode of the storage capacitor (3), a first electrode of the storage capacitor (3) is connected, on the one hand, via a resistance network (9) to the voltage source (4), and on the other hand, to the evaluation stage (5). The second electrode of the storage capacitor (3) is connected to a reference potential (10). In a first aspect of the invention, the circuit can compensate for disruptive influences especially well by the evaluation stage (5) being suitable for current evaluation with essentially no voltage excursions occurring on the changeover contact (2).

Abstract: A controller has a microcomputer, an electrically erasable and programmable memory which has a control program (CONTROL), a read only memory and a serial interface. A serial data transmission line can be connected to the serial interface. A program (PROG) for reprogramming the electrically erasable and programmable memory is stored in the read only memory. For reprogramming the electrically erasable and programmable memory, the controller receives the data, which are to be programmed, via the serial data transmission line from an external communications apparatus.

Abstract: Process and apparatus for the white balancing of the opto-electrical converters of the scanning elements in reproducers for the point-by-point and line-by-line scanning of black and white documents and color documents. The light from the illuminant of the documents being scanned is converted in the opto-electrical converters into video signal levels or color signal levels, and the sensitivity or amplification of the opto-electric converters is so set that the video signal levels or color signal levels correspond to preset reference signal levels. The inconvenient process of scanning the illuminant of the document to be scanned, in order to obtain the light required for white balance, is replaced by a process by which the light from the scanning light source may be dimmed by means of a regulable iris diaphragm, thus corresponding to the scanning light from the illuminant of the document to be scanned.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and to an apparatus for acoustic supervision of the adjustment of a light bundle with respect to position and/or direction. A measuring surface lying in the beam path of the light bundle is divided into sectors. Apexes of centering angles of the sectors define a rated position. Light components of the light bundle incident into the individual sectors are measured opto-electronically as a measure of the positional deviations. Oscillations are generated for the individual sectors. Respective parameters of the oscillations are modified dependent on the measured positional deviations, and the modified oscillations are made audible as measuring tones. For the directional adjustment of the light bundle, the light bundle is focused onto the measuring surface whereby apexes of the centering angles of the sectors define the point of penetration of the rated direction through the measuring surface.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for acoustic supervision of adjustment of a light bundle composed of component beams with respect to its intensity distribution in an expanse of a reference plane situated in a beam path at right angles to an optical axis of the light bundle. Intensity values I of the component beams lying at a margin of the light wave are measured and the differential intensity values .DELTA.I are identified according to amount and operational sign. An oscillation is generated whose parameters are modified dependent on the amounts and operational signs of the respective differential intensity values. The modified oscillation is made audible as a distinguishable measuring tone for amounts and operational signs of the differential intensity values .DELTA.I.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for acoustic supervision of adjustment of a light bundle with respect to its intensity distribution in a reference plane which is at right angles to the optical axis of the light bundle. The reference plane is subdivided into surface elements. The intensity values corresponding to a rated intensity distribution are prescribed and stored for the individual surface elements of the reference plane. The intensity values for the individual surface elements respectively existing in the adjustment are successively measured in rapid cyclical succession. The intensity deviation from the prescribed intensity value is identified and stored for each surface element. The stored intensity values are read-out in slow cyclical succession and are made audible as measuring tones for the supervision of the adjustment.