Abstract: A process for the purification of isobutene from a C4 stream with at least 1-butene, 2-butene, isobutane and isobutene includes isomerizing 1-butene from a stream of material which is concentrated in isobutane and isobutene obtained from the C4 stream into 2-butene, using a catalyst in an isomerization reactor; supplying a product stream from the isomerization reactor to a rectification column; and providing a stream of material which is concentrated in isobutene. A processing facility is utilized for the purification of isobutene from the C4 stream.

Abstract: A process for the purification of isobutene from a C4 stream with at least 1-butene, 2-butene, isobutane and isobutene includes isomerizing 1-butene from a stream of material which is concentrated in isobutane and isobutene obtained from the C4 stream into 2-butene, using a catalyst in an isomerization reactor; supplying a product stream from the isomerization reactor to a rectification column; and providing a stream of material which is concentrated in isobutene. A processing facility is utilized for the purification of isobutene from the C4 stream.

Abstract: A process for the purification of isobutene from a C4 stream with at least 1-butene, 2-butene, isobutane and isobutene includes isomerizing 1-butene from a stream of material which is concentrated in isobutane and isobutene obtained from the C4 stream into 2-butene, using a catalyst in an isomerization reactor; supplying a product stream from the isomerization reactor to a rectification column; and providing a stream of material which is concentrated in isobutene. A processing facility is utilized for the purification of isobutene from the C4 stream.

Abstract: A process for the purification of isobutene from a C4 stream with at least 1-butene, 2-butene, isobutane and isobutene includes isomerizing 1-butene from a stream of material which is concentrated in isobutane and isobutene obtained from the C4 stream into 2-butene, using a catalyst in an isomerization reactor; supplying a product stream from the isomerization reactor to a rectification column; and providing a stream of material which is concentrated in isobutene. A processing facility is utilized for the purification of isobutene from the C4 stream.

Abstract: Method for examining a multiplicity of distributed objects (1) by using an overview image (200) of the area (2) in which the objects (1) are distributed, wherein the overview image (200) is converted (110) into a binary image (210) by virtue of the intensity values (202) of the pixels (201) of the overview image (200) being classified (202a, 202b) as to whether they are on the near or far side of a prescribed threshold (208); the binary image (210) is cleared (120) of structures (219) that are smaller than the objects (1), so that a cleared image (220) is produced; and the cleared image (220) is morphologically closed (130), so that a binary object mask (230) is produced that indicates which locations in the area (2) belong to objects (1) and which locations in the area (2) do not belong to an object.

Abstract: An exemplary laser microscope can be provided, comprising at least one first laser source which emits at least one (e.g., pulsed) excitation beam, a scanning optical configuration (e.g., configured to scan the excitation beam over the surface of a sample), a focusing optical configuration (e.g., configured to focus the excitation beam onto the sample), and at least one detector configured to detect light emitted by the sample due to an optical effect in response to the excitation beam. A second laser source facilitates a pulsed ablation beam for a local ablation of the material of the sample. The ablation beam can be guided to the sample via the scanning and focusing optical configurations. The first and second laser sources can be fed by a mutual continuous wave pump laser and/or a mutual pulsed pump laser. The first laser source can emit pulses with at least two different wavelengths.

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus for generating laser pulses. It is an object of the invention to provide a method for generating synchronized laser pulse trains at variable wavelengths (e.g., for coherent Raman spectroscopy/microscopy), wherein the switching time for switching between different wavelengths should be in the sub-?s range. For this purpose the apparatus according to the invention comprises a pump laser (1), which emits pulsed laser radiation at a specified wavelength, an FDML laser (3), which emits continuous wave laser radiation at a cyclically variable wavelength, and a nonlinear conversion medium (4), in which the pulsed laser radiation of the pump laser (1) and the continuous wave laser radiation of the FDML laser (3) are superposed.

Abstract: A process for the purification of isobutene from a C4 stream with at least 1-butene, 2-butene, isobutane and isobutene includes isomerizing 1-butene from a stream of material which is concentrated in isobutane and isobutene obtained from the C4 stream into 2-butene, using a catalyst in an isomerization reactor; supplying a product stream from the isomerization reactor to a rectification column; and providing a stream of material which is concentrated in isobutene. A processing facility is utilized for the purification of isobutene from the C4 stream.

Abstract: An exemplary laser microscope can be provided, comprising at least one first laser source which emits at least one (e.g., pulsed) excitation beam, a scanning optical configuration (e.g., configured to scan the excitation beam over the surface of a sample), a focusing optical configuration (e.g., configured to focus the excitation beam onto the sample), and at least one detector configured to detect light emitted by the sample due to an optical effect in response to the excitation beam. A second laser source facilitates a pulsed ablation beam for a local ablation of the material of the sample. The ablation beam can be guided to the sample via the scanning and focusing optical configurations, The first and second laser sources can be fed by a mutual continuous wave pump laser- and/or a mutual pulsed pump laser. The first laser source can emit pulses with at least two different wavelengths.

Abstract: Exemplary methods can be provided for the determination of a microbial pathogen. In addition, exemplary methods can be provided for the determination of a microbial pathogen and its anti-infective resistance. Further, an exemplary method can be provided for determining a bacterium and its antibiotic resistance. Systems and computer-accessible media can be provided for the determination of a microbial pathogen and its anti-infective resistance.

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus for generating laser pulses. It is an object of the invention to provide a method for generating synchronized laser pulse trains at variable wavelengths (e.g., for coherent Raman spectroscopy/microscopy), wherein the switching time for switching between different wavelengths should be in the sub-?s range. For this purpose the apparatus according to the invention comprises a pump laser (1), which emits pulsed laser radiation at a specified wavelength, an FDML laser (3), which emits continuous wave laser radiation at a cyclically variable wavelength, and a nonlinear conversion medium (4), in which the pulsed laser radiation of the pump laser (1) and the continuous wave laser radiation of the FDML laser (3) are superposed.

Abstract: Method for examining a multiplicity of distributed objects (1) by using an overview image (200) of the area (2) in which the objects (1) are distributed, wherein the overview image (200) is converted (110) into a binary image (210) by virtue of the intensity values (202) of the pixels (201) of the overview image (200) being classified (202a, 202b) as to whether they are on the near or far side of a prescribed threshold (208); the binary image (210) is cleared (120) of structures (219) that are smaller than the objects (1), so that a cleared image (220) is produced; and the cleared image (220) is morphologically closed (130), so that a binary object mask (230) is produced that indicates which locations in the area (2) belong to objects (1) and which locations in the area (2) do not belong to an object.

Abstract: Exemplary apparatus, device, system and method can be provided for examining a sample, which can comprising and/or utilize an imaging device for obtaining an overview image of the sample. A measuring instrument can also be used for locally interrogating at least one property of the sample with a laser beam which emerges from an aperture. Additionally, a tracking arrangement/system/device can be utilized for determining the location on the sample which is currently being interrogated with the laser beam. Additionally, memory or any other electronic storage device can be utilized, in which the property interrogated with the laser beam can be associated with the determined location on the sample.

Abstract: Exemplary method, computer-accessible medium and system can be provided for determining the presence or absence of a local and/or global property of a biological tissue sample. Thus, it is possible to obtain at least one image of the sample, search the image(s) for a presence of at least one particular feature that is contained in a pre-defined set of features, and assign, to the particular feature(s). It is possible to compute, with a computer processor, at least one discriminant value that is a function of the pronunciation index that is weighted with a particular weight. The weight of each pronunciation index is a measure for a relevance of the corresponding feature with respect to the property. It is possible to determine whether the property is present in at least one part of the biological tissue sample depending on whether the discriminant value exceeds a pre-defined threshold and/or and optimized threshold.

Abstract: An arrangement for the individualized in-vitro patient blood analysis includes a holography module, a Raman spectroscopy module, a biomarker module and a flow controller which are connected in a data and information transmitting manner to a central control and computer unit, which has an information transmitting connection to a database, wherein the modules are fluidically connected to a common blood sample supply and supplies for fluid other than blood via the flow controller.

Abstract: Exemplary methods can be provided for the determination of a microbial pathogen. In addition, exemplary methods can be provided for the determination of a microbial pathogen and its anti-infective resistance. Further, an exemplary method can be provided for determining a bacterium and its antibiotic resistance. Systems and computer-accessible media can be provided for the determination of a microbial pathogen and its anti-infective resistance.

Abstract: An arrangement for the individualized in-vitro patient blood analysis includes a holography module, a Raman spectroscopy module, a biomarker module and a flow controller which are connected in a data and information transmitting manner to a central control and computer unit, which has an information transmitting connection to a database, wherein the modules are fluidically connected to a common blood sample supply and supplies for fluid other than blood via the flow controller.

Abstract: Exemplary method, computer-accessible medium and system can be provided for determining the presence or absence of a local and/or global property of a biological tissue sample. Thus, it is possible to obtain at least one image of the sample, search the image(s) for a presence of at least one particular feature that is contained in a pre-defined set of features, and assign, to the particular feature(s). It is possible to compute, with a computer processor, at least one discriminant value that is a function of the pronunciation index that is weighted with a particular weight. The weight of each pronunciation index is a measure for a relevance of the corresponding feature with respect to the property. It is possible to determine whether the property is present in at least one part of the biological tissue sample depending on whether the discriminant value exceeds a pre-defined threshold and/or and optimized threshold.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device (100) for identifying biotic particles in a medium to be analyzed, comprising a measuring cell (104), through which the medium to be analyzed can flow and in which the identification of the biotic particles is carried out by means of Raman spectroscopy, and a feed (102) by means of which the medium to be analyzed can be fed to the measuring cell (104). The device (100) according to the invention is characterized in that the feed (102) comprises at least one sensor (101) with which the presence of biotic particles in the medium flowing through the feed (102) can be ascertained. The feed (102) has a controllable bypass valve (103) downstream of the sensor (101), and the medium can be selectively fed to the measuring cell (104) or to a bypass channel (106) via said bypass valve.

Abstract: Individual viruses in any type of sample are identified quickly, unambiguously and reliably, and with the least possible preparation-related and technology-related expenditure, without necessitating immobilization using antibodies and without requiring an indication or at least a suspicion of potentially present viruses. This is accomplished by scanning the height profile of the sample, from which scanning sites suspected of containing viruses are selected, exposing those cites to monochromatic excitation light and spectroscopically analyzing the resulting Raman scattered light.