Abstract: A technique for generating long narrow microstructures based upon the shadowing effect of thick slits placed between a source and a substrate. The method is particularly well suited for forming optical waveguides using a mask having a slit with a width larger than the width of the stripe to be deposited and being thick relative to the width of said slit.

Abstract: The optical efficiency, with which a coupling portion of a fiber-optic can be coupled by evanescent fields to a planar optical waveguide through a phase-matching diffraction grating on the surface of the planar optical waveguide, is increased by deforming the coupling portion so that it is a negative replica of the undulating surface of the diffraction grating.

Abstract: More efficient optical coupling between light wave energy traveling in a fiber-optic, which may be a multimode fiber-optic, and single or few mode light wave energy traveling in a planar optical waveguide is accomplished by deforming the initially cylindrical shape of the coupled portion of the fiber-optic core, such as by flattening the coupled portion of the fiber-core in a direction substantially perpendicular to the plane of the planar optical waveguide and fanning out this portion of the fiber-optic core in a direction substantially parallel to the plane of the planar optical waveguide.

Abstract: An electro-optic modulator wherein a light waveguide is in the form of a film disposed on a prismatic substrate and beneath modulating electrodes. The substrate has opposite end faces disposed at predetermined angles to its longitudinal axis and cooperates with grating couplers on the waveguide to direct an entrance beam through the waveguide and to provide an exit beam along a predetermined path relative, e.g., parallel, to the entrance beam.

Abstract: By coupling light from a coupling portion of a thin fiber core to a planar waveguide film through the thickness of the substrate supporting the film, sufficient spreading by diffraction takes place in the light traveling through the thickness of the substrate to provide an aperture at the film large enough to permit light coupled into the film from the substrate to have a substantially plane wavefront.