Abstract: Sea water previously filtered and temperature controlled, and which includes added hydrogen is continuously pumped at a constant rate to a deoxygenation reactor containing a divided platinum catalyst on a granular activated carbon support. The deoxygenated sea water is continuously discharged from the reactor through a line. The divided platinum of the catalyst is present in a superficial layer of the support grains and the platinum dispersion in the catalyst grains is at least 10%.

Abstract: The invention concerns steps in a process for the synthesis of at least one alkyl tertiobutyl ether, preferably respectively MTBE or ETBE, from at least one alcohol and from isobutene, each synthesized at least partially from natural gas. The alcohol, preferably methanol or ethanol respectively, is synthesized at least partially from synthesis gas, a portion of said synthesis gas being prepared in a natural gas steam prereforming zone. The isobutene is synthesized in a series of processes which includes direct transformation of natural gas to ethylene, known as oxidative coupling of methane (OCM), dimerisation of ethylene to normal butene, isomerisation of n-butene to isobutene, and the separation units associated therewith.

Abstract: The invention concerns a process for the synthesis of at least one alkyl tertiobutyl ether, preferably respectively MTBE or ETBE, from at least one alcohol and from isobutene, each synthesized at least partially from natural gas. The alcohol, preferably methanol or ethanol respectively, is synthesized at least partially from synthesis gas, a portion of said synthesis gas being prepared in natural gas steam prereforming zone. The isobutene is synthesized in a series of processes which includes direct transformation of natural gas to ethylene, known as oxidative coupling of methane (OCM), dimerization of ethylene to normal butene, isomerization of n-butene to isobutene, and the separation units associated therewith.

Abstract: Vinyl chloride monomer is selectively prepared by intimately contacting, in the absence of steam, a feedstream of 1,2-dichloroethane with a flow of fluid or solid particulates heated to such elevated temperature and for such minim period of time, e.g., 0.010 to 0.5 second, as to flash transfer a dehydrochlorinating amount of thermal energy to the 1,2-dichloroethane and thereby ultrapyrolyzing at least a fraction of same into vinyl chloride and HCl, and recovering the vinyl chloride from the medium of ultrapyrolysis.

Abstract: A rotary ball actuator has a piston mounted within a body consisting of a first portion and a second portion. The piston has helical ramps which cooperate by means of first balls with helical ramps formed within the first portion, and rectilinear ramps which cooperate by means of second balls with rectilinear ramps formed within the second portion. The first balls and second balls are held respectively within first and second ball cages interposed between the piston and the body and controlled in dependence on the movement of the piston by means of a device comprising a stud and helical ramp. The two cages can be combined into one.

Abstract: A device for dispersing a gaseous phase in a liquid phase comprises at least one Venturi ejector with a vertical or inclined axis, composed of a mixer head (1) for admitting the liquid, a neck (2) for admitting the gas, and an injector tube (3). The injector tube is prolonged by a chamber (5) whose diameter is equal to or greater than that of the injector tube with which it possibly merges. Also described is the application of this device to treatments such as chemical, biochemical or metabolic reactions involving the transfer of a gas to a liquid phase.

Abstract: This invention concerns a process for the thermal treatment of hydrocarbon charges having a high content of asphaltenes in the presence of additives which prevent coke formation. The additive according to the invention is a salt of a metal selected from V, Mo, Cr, W, Fe, Co and Ni at a concentration between 100 and 2500 ppm of metal relative to the charge either in the form of a suspension of solid particles, in solution or as an emulsion. These additives prevent the coke formation in all thermal treatments of which the temperature is above about 420.degree. C., such as viscoreduction or hydro viscoreduction.

Abstract: There are provided clays of laminated structure bridged by metallic oxides selected from oxides of aluminum and zirconium and containing from 10 to 50% and preferably from 20 to 40% of an oxide of the metal of the group of the lanthanides, preferably of cerium. The presence of cerium improves the thermal resistance during a dry calcination or even under humid air. The clays can be used as catalysts during the conversion of hydrocarbons.

Abstract: Process for deasphalting a hydrocarbon charge by means of a deasphalting solvent.The charge (1) is introduced, at 100.degree.-200.degree. C., in admixture with a deasphalting solvent (3and 4), into a settler (7). The deasphalted oil (24) is separated from the solvent (23). Asphalt (9) is washed in a column and then separated from the washing liquid (21).

Abstract: The present invention concerns a hydrotreatment process for petroleum cuts, in order to achieve simultaneously their desulfurization and the improvement of their flow properties.The process comprises treating the cuts in the presence of a catalytic system based on a zeolitic crystalline silico aluminate of the offretite type, wherein the synthetic offretite used has a crystalline structure identical to natural offretite and has the chemical formula (M.sub.1 M.sub.2 . . . ).sub.2 (Al.sub.2 O.sub.3) (SiO.sub.2).sub.y in which y is comprised between 10 and 50, M.sub.1 and M.sub.2 are selected from among cations of group I and II of the Periodic Table of Elements and this offretite is associated with a bimetallic catalyst comprising a mixture of an oxide or sulfide of a metal selected from among the group comprising chromium, molybdenum and tungsten with an oxide or a sulfide of a metal selected from among the group comprising iron, cobalt and nickel.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process to improve the stability of a catalyst to be used for lowering the cloud or turbidity point and the filterability limit temperature of gas-oils.The catalyst is formed of a composite system constituting 5 to 90% of a hydrodesulfuration type catalyst A and 95 to 10% of a hydroconversion type catalyst B, these two catalysts being either mixed or superposed, in which case catalyst A forms the top of the catalytic bed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process to improve the stability of a catalyst to be used for lowering the cloud or turbidity point and the filterability limit temperature of gas-oils.The catalyst is formed of a composite system constituting 5 to 90% of a hydrodesulfuration type catalyst A and 95 to 10% of a hydroconversion type catalyst B, these two catalysts being either mixed or superposed, in which case catalyst A forms the top of the catalytic bed.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a catalytic process for hydro-treating gas oils in order to improve their flow properties, the feed stock being treated at a temperature of between 400.degree. and 550.degree. C., under a total pressure of between 18 and 60 bars with a hydrogen/hydrocarbon molar ratio of between 2 and 8 in the presence of a catalyst comprising by weight from 0.1 to 1% of platinum and 0.01 to 1% of iridium deposited on an alumina support having a specific surface higher than 50 m.sup.2 /g, a silica content of less than 10% weight and a halogen content of less than 0.1%.

Abstract: The invention relates to the catalytic treatment of a gas oil feed stock, distilling between 150.degree. and 530.degree. C., in a reactor zone whose temperature is comprised between 200.degree. and 500.degree. C., the pressure is comprised between 15 and 80 bars and containing a hydrogen form zeolite as catalyst, in the presence of a quantity of isobutane representing from 5 to 100% of said feed stock.The process is particularly suitable for the improvement of the filtration temperature limit of the gas oils.

Abstract: Ethane is produced from alkanes by introducing a mixture of hydrogen and alkanes into a reactor at a spatial velocity V and a total pressure P on a catalyst at the temperature T. The catalyst is constituted by at least one metal selected from iridium and rhodium incorporated in a support of inert refractory oxide in which SO.sub.4.sup.-- sulphate ions are not present.

Abstract: This invention concerns a process for the selective hydrogenolysis of light gasoline stocks.The process consists in treating light gasoline stocks, mixtures of n- and iso-paraffins containing from 5 to 7 carbon atoms, under hydrogenolysing conditions (temperature 150.degree. to 450.degree. C., pressure 1 to 80 bars, molar ratio of hydrogen to hydrocarbon comprised between 2 and 20), in the presence of a catalyst comprising iridium and another metal belonging to Column VIII of the Periodic Table, on a porous refractory oxide support, in order to obtain an ethane rich gaseous fraction and a liquid fraction consisting of a high octane gasoline.

Abstract: A stencil-cutting machine comprises a support adapted to receive a ferrous-metal plate upon which a plurality of cutting dies can be mounted to pass between a pair of rollers, at least one of which can be rotated, e.g. by a handle. Guide means is provided on the support for enabling the plate to move between the rollers with a stencil cardboard overlying the cutting dies and overlain, in turn, by a yieldable blanket. Magnetic alignment rules are provided on the plate to assist in aligning the dies and, at the end of a row of such dies, magnetic blocking members can be provided to hold them in place.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process for the metathesis of olefins. The process utilizes as a catalyst an alumina carrier which is treated with a chlorination agent with the subsequent addition to tungsten compounds, molybdenum compounds or mixtures thereof to the chlorinated carrier.

Abstract: In a method of catalytic conversion of a butane cut to propane, a butane cut and hydrogen are introduced respectively into a reaction zone containing a catalyst consisting of mordenite in acid form in such a manner as to ensure that the partial pressure of hydrogen is higher than 5 bar.