Abstract: A system and method provides location information service in a mobile communication system using a messaging system. When a request for tracking the location of a target is received from a user terminal, an automatic response system (ARS) transmits the request to a client. The client then sends the request to a location server which tracks a location of the target. Tracking may be performed based on a QoS (Quality of Service) requested by a user and a location check period. The location information may then be transmitted to a message service system, and this system may then transmit the location information to the user terminal in message format.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a PCR method for generating a labeled double stranded nucleotide sequence that upon digestion with a restriction nuclease generates a double stranded nucleotide sequence having either a 3? or 5? overhang of a ssDNA sequence that can serve as helicase substrate.

Abstract: Disclosed is a polymeric reference electrode membrane comprising (a) one selected from a porous polymer or a hydrophilic plasticizer; (b) a lipophilic polymer; and optionally an adhesion-enhancing material. A reference electrode equipped with the polymeric reference electrode membrane can be shortened the preconditioning time, and extended lifetime for storage and use owing to excellent adhesion, and showed reproducibility and good yield. So, a miniaturized multi-potentiometric sensor can be fabricated comprising a solid-state reference electrode of the present invention and a set of ion-selective electrodes, thus being useful in the potentiometric fields, including clinical, environmental, food and industrial analysis.

Abstract: There is provided a microchip-based differential-type carbon dioxide gas sensor for detecting dissolved carbon dioxide levels. It functions with at least one working electrode composed of an unbuffered hydrogel membrane containing a certain amount of sodium bicarbonate and a pH-sensitive gas-permeable membrane; and a reference electrode composed of a buffered hydrogel membrane and a pH-sensitive gas-permeable membrane. The unbuffered hydrogel membrane contains carbonic anhydrase, which reduces the time period for the hydration of carbon dioxide, thereby allowing the quick measurement of the level of carbon dioxide. In addition to being significantly improved in stabilization, sensing, and recovering time periods, the differential-type carbon dioxide gas sensor can be fabricated in small sizes and quickly measure levels of carbon dioxide dissolved in sample solution.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a reference electrode for a potentiometric electrode system, characterized in that the junction in contact with a sample solution is enlarged and an ion-sensitive membrane containing an ion selective material as a protective membrane for the inner reference solution is employed, which comprises a substrate; a metal layer; an insoluble metal salt layer; an insulating film for insulating the metal layer from an aqueous solution; a hydrogel serving as an inner reference solution; the junction on the hydrogel contacting with a sample solution; the ion-sensitive, protective membrane formed over all surface areas of the hydrogel, except for the junction, to separate the sample solution from the inner reference solution or act as an ion-sensing membrane upon the contamination of the junction, whereby the operational abnormality caused by junction contamination may be easily checked and fast activation may be achieved.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for fabricating biosensors, using hydrophilic polyurethane. Bio-active reagents, including enzymes, antibodies, antigens, cells and receptors, are mixed with hydrophilic polyurethane and the mixture is directly coated over a signal transducer to form a sensing film which serves as a signal detector. The method using hydrophilic polyurethane allows the simplification of the fabrication of biosensors without conducting complicated chemical reactions and washing steps, such as crosslinking. The bio-active reagent entrapped within the hydrophilic polyurethane film can retains its high activity for an extended period of time and the intrinsic potentiometric response of the underlying ion-selective polymeric membrane is not affected by the bio-active reagent immobilized polyurethane film coated on its sensing surface. Therefore, the biosensors are superior in specificity, selectivity, and stability.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for fabricating biosensors, using hydrophilic polyurethane. Bio-active reagents, including enzymes, antibodies, antigens, cells and receptors, are mixed with hydrophilic polyurethane and the mixture is directly coated over a signal transducer to form a sensing film which serves as a signal detector. The method using hydrophilic polyurethane allows the simplification of the fabrication of biosensors without conducting complicated chemical reactions and washing steps, such as crosslinking. The bio-active reagent entrapped within the hydrophilic polyurethane film can retains its high activity for an extended period of time and the intrinsic potentiometric response of the underlying ion-selective polymeric membrane is not affected by the bio-active reagent immobilized polyurethane film coated on its sensing surface. Therefore, the biosensors are superior in specificity, selectivity, and stability.

Abstract: Disclosed is a polymeric reference electrode membrane comprising (a) one selected from a porous polymer or a hydrophilic plasticizer; (b) a lipophilic polymer; and optionally an adhesion-enhancing material. A reference electrode equipped with the polymeric reference electrode membrane can be shortened the preconditioning time, and extended lifetime for storage and use owing to excellent adhesion, and showed reproducibility and good yield. So, a miniaturized multi-potentiometric sensor can be fabricated comprising a solid-state reference electrode of the present invention and a set of ion-selective electrodes, thus being useful in the potentiometric fields, including clinical, environmental, food and industrial analysis.

Abstract: The present invention relates to chloride-selective electrodes which comprise insoluble metal salt layer and a protecting membrane formed of hydrophilic polyurethane thereon, wherein the hydrophilic polyurethane coated chloride-selective electrodes show fast activation and response time and are usefully employed to accurately measure the chloride by reducing the interference from bromide and iodide or preventing the surface of the electrode from protein adsorption.

Abstract: There is provided a microchip-based differential-type carbon dioxide gas sensor for detecting dissolved carbon dioxide levels. It functions with at least one working electrode composed of an unbuffered hydrogel membrane containing a certain amount of sodium bicarbonate and a pH-sensitive gas-permeable membrane; and a reference electrode composed of a buffered hydrogel membrane and a pH-sensitive gas-permeable membrane. The unbuffered hydrogel membrane contains carbonic anhydrase, which reduces the time period for the hydration of carbon dioxide, thereby allowing the quick measurement of the level of carbon dioxide. In addition to being significantly improved in stabilization, sensing, and recovering time periods, the differential-type carbon dioxide gas sensor can be fabricated in small sizes and quickly measure levels of carbon dioxide dissolved in sample solution.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a cholanic acid ring based 4-(trifluoroacetyl)phenyl derivatives of the following formula 1, process for preparation and use thereof. The cholanic acid ring based 4-(trifluoroacetyl)phenyl derivatives of the present invention may be used as a host material in the host-guest chemistry, in detail as a material for ion sensors, optical sensors, gas sensors, biosensors, chromatographies, photostimulated ion-binding resins, ion exchange resins and organic reactions. (In the above formula 1, R, R1, R2, R3 and n are defined in the specifications).