Abstract: A television (TV) includes an audio signal processing unit which processes a audio signal, a display unit which displays an audio quality setting state, a determination unit which determines if an event for checking audio quality has occurred, and a control unit which controls the display unit to display an audio quality setting state showing improved audio quality if the event has occurred.

Abstract: A digital content authentication system, an image display apparatus applied to the system, and a digital content authentication controlling method of the system are provided. The image display apparatus includes an interface section which demands authentication results from a plurality of source providing apparatuses through a bus and receiving responses to the demanding for the authentication result and an output section outputting the authentication results by the received response. Accordingly, the image display apparatus can recognize the authentication states of the source providing apparatuses.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a substrate having a conductive area, a first pattern formed on the substrate and having a contact hole through which the conductive area is exposed, and a contact plug in the contact hole. The contact plug includes first and second silicon layers. The first silicon layer, formed from a first compound including at least two silicon atoms, is formed in the contact hole to contact a top surface of the conductive area and a side wall of the first pattern. The second silicon layer, formed from a second compound including a number of silicon atoms less than the number of the silicon atoms of the first compound, is formed on the first silicon layer and fills a remaining space of the contact hole, the second silicon layer being spaced apart from the first pattern at an entrance of the contact hole.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a substrate having a conductive area, a first pattern formed on the substrate and having a contact hole through which the conductive area is exposed, and a contact plug in the contact hole. The contact plug includes first and second silicon layers. The first silicon layer, formed from a first compound including at least two silicon atoms, is formed in the contact hole to contact a top surface of the conductive area and a side wall of the first pattern. The second silicon layer, formed from a second compound including a number of silicon atoms less than the number of the silicon atoms of the first compound, is formed on the first silicon layer and fills a remaining space of the contact hole, the second silicon layer being spaced apart from the first pattern at an entrance of the contact hole.

Abstract: In a method of forming a capacitor, a seed stopper and a sacrificial layer is formed on an insulating interlayer having a plug therethrough. An opening is formed through the sacrificial layer and the seed stopper to expose the plug. A seed is formed on an innerwall of the opening. A lower electrode is formed covering the seed on the innerwall of the opening. The sacrificial layer and the seed are removed. A dielectric layer and an upper electrode are sequentially formed on the lower electrode.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a substrate having a conductive area, a first pattern formed on the substrate and having a contact hole through which the conductive area is exposed, and a contact plug in the contact hole. The contact plug includes first and second silicon layers. The first silicon layer, formed from a first compound including at least two silicon atoms, is formed in the contact hole to contact a top surface of the conductive area and a side wall of the first pattern. The second silicon layer, formed from a second compound including a number of silicon atoms less than the number of the silicon atoms of the first compound, is formed on the first silicon layer and fills a remaining space of the contact hole, the second silicon layer being spaced apart from the first pattern at an entrance of the contact hole.

Abstract: In a method of forming a capacitor, a seed stopper and a sacrificial layer is formed on an insulating interlayer having a plug therethrough. An opening is formed through the sacrificial layer and the seed stopper to expose the plug. A seed is formed on an innerwall of the opening. A lower electrode is formed covering the seed on the innerwall of the opening. The sacrificial layer and the seed are removed. A dielectric layer and an upper electrode are sequentially formed on the lower electrode.

Abstract: A television (TV) includes an audio signal processing unit which processes a audio signal, a display unit which displays an audio quality setting state, a determination unit which determines if an event for checking audio quality has occurred, and a control unit which controls the display unit to display an audio quality setting state showing improved audio quality if the event has occurred.

Abstract: A digital content authentication system, an image display apparatus applied to the system, and a digital content authentication controlling method of the system are provided. The image display apparatus includes an interface section which demands authentication results from a plurality of source providing apparatuses through a bus and receiving responses to the demanding for the authentication result and an output section outputting the authentication results by the received response. Accordingly, the image display apparatus can recognize the authentication states of the source providing apparatuses.

Abstract: A portable terminal device and method thereof includes a main power supply to supply electric power to a system part of the portable terminal device, a wireless transmitting/receiving part to wirelessly transmit/receive RF signals through a network, the portable terminal device includes an indicator, an auxiliary power supply, and a micro controller determining whether a wireless connection to the network is possible by analyzing the RF signals, and controlling the indicator to indicate an analyzed result of the RF signals. A power controller controls the auxiliary power supply to supply electric power to the indicator, the micro controller, and the wireless transmitting/receiving part when the electric power is not supplied from the main power supply and the wireless connection to the network is possible.

Abstract: Novel pyrazolopyrimidinethione compounds of formula 1: wherein R1 and R2 are independently each hydrogen atom, a C1-C6 alkyl group, or a C3-C6 cycloalkyl group, R3 is a C1-C6 alkyl group. C3-C6 cycloalkyl group or C3-C6 alkenyl group which is substituted or unsubstituted, X is O or NR4, and R4 is hydrogen atom, or a C1-C6 alkyl group, a C3-C6 cycloalkyl group or a C3-C6 alkenyl group which is unsubstituted or substituted with OH or an alkoxy group, pharmacologically acceptable salts or hydrates thereof, and preparation methods thereof are disclosed. Pharmaceutical compositions comprising the compounds are effectively used for the treatment of erectile dysfunction.

Abstract: A portable terminal device and method thereof includes a main power supply to supply electric power to a system part of the portable terminal device, a wireless transmitting/receiving part to wirelessly transmit/receive RF signals through a network, the portable terminal device includes an indicator, an auxiliary power supply, and a micro controller determining whether a wireless connection to the network is possible by analyzing the RF signals, and controlling the indicator to indicate an analyzed result of the RF signals. A power controller controls the auxiliary power supply to supply electric power to the indicator, the micro controller, and the wireless transmitting/receiving part when the electric power is not supplied from the main power supply and the wireless connection to the network is possible.