Abstract: Embodiments relate to laser welding methods, monitoring methods, and monitoring systems for a secondary battery. A laser welding method for a secondary battery includes performing laser welding on a positive electrode base having a thin-film shape in which a plurality of positive electrode base tabs are formed at a side, a negative electrode base having a thin-film shape in which a plurality of negative electrode base tabs are formed at a side, and a thin-film multi-tab to be joined to each of the positive electrode base and the negative electrode base, a welded portion in which the multi-tab is welded with the positive electrode base and the negative electrode base being melting-joined by using a laser such that a plurality of welding spots is formed on the welded portion.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a pouch-type battery cell capable of being directly accommodated in a battery pack, and a battery pack including the same. In the battery pack, a heat exchange portion of a battery cell assembly formed by stacking a plurality of battery cells each including an electrode tab lead portion and a heat exchange portion is configured to be in contact with a heat conduction member disposed on a bottom portion of a housing without a sealed surface, and a corner portion formed to protrude from one end of the electrode tab lead portion is configured to be accommodated through a bus bar assembly, a cover plate, or a step portion of the bottom portion of the housing to be electrically insulated.

Abstract: The disclosed technology generally relates to forming a titanium nitride-based thin films, and more particularly to a conformal and smooth titanium nitride-based thin films and methods of forming the same. In one aspect, a method of forming a thin film comprising one or both of TiSiN or TiAlN comprises exposing a semiconductor substrate to one or more vapor deposition cycles at a pressure in a reaction chamber greater than 1 torr, wherein a plurality of the vapor deposition cycles comprises an exposure to a titanium (Ti) precursor, an exposure to a nitrogen (N) precursor and an exposure to one or both of a silicon (Si) precursor or an aluminum (Al) precursor.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method for manufacturing a multilayered ion exchange membrane with rectifying properties and to a multi-layered ion exchange membrane manufactured thereby. More specifically, the present disclosure provides a method for manufacturing a multilayered ion exchange membrane, and a multilayered ion exchange membrane manufactured thereby, the method including a step of integrally forming a coating layer designed to have a fewer number of ion channels on a base layer having a large number of ion channels, thereby preventing scale generation even under a reverse polarity condition, resulting in improvement in ion exchange efficiency. The method effectively controls the asymmetry of the density (number) of ion channels so that the produced ion exchange membrane can have both the ion selectivity and rectifying properties, without using complicated process of, for example, changing the geometric size of the ion channels or the charge distribution inside the ion channels.

Abstract: In an operation control method of an integrated control apparatus for an autonomous driving vehicle, when a steering operation is performed on both of a first joystick lever and a second joystick lever to return to neutral positions after the steering operation, a lever which is always pivoted in an adduction direction is set to a function activation state, or a lever set to the function activation state during the steering operation is continuously maintained in the function activation state until the return to the neutral position is completed after the steering operation. In the present way, a user can more easily recognize the joystick lever in the function activation state.

Abstract: An integrated operation apparatus for an autonomous vehicle, includes a joystick lever used to accelerate, decelerate, and steer the vehicle, an acceleration and deceleration actuator module and a steering actuator module each include a position sensor module to generate signals related to the acceleration, deceleration, and steering of the vehicle when the joystick lever module is operated, and a torque sensor module is used to feedback control a steering motor during steering operation, realizing more precise steering sensation.

Abstract: An aerosol generating device includes a housing, a cartridge insertable into the housing and configured to store at least one liquid, an actuator provided on one side of the cartridge in the housing and configured to push the liquid out of the cartridge, and an article insertion portion provided on the other side of the cartridge and configured such that the aerosol generating article is insertable thereinto.

Abstract: A method of controlling operation of an integrated control apparatus for autonomous vehicles includes setting one joystick lever touched first by a user between a first joystick lever and a second joystick lever to a function activation state, or setting any one joystick lever with a larger steering operation force to the function activation state at the time of steering the first joystick lever and the second joystick lever together. User fatigue when operating the joystick levers is reduced.

Abstract: Provided are recombinant microorganisms having a foreign gene encoding a variant of a nitrous oxide reductase protein, a composition comprising the recombinant microorganism or the variant of a nitrous oxide reductase protein for use in removing nitrous oxide in a sample, a variant of a nitrous oxide reductase protein, and a polynucleotide encoding the variant.

Abstract: Provided is a pouch-type battery cell capable of being directly accommodated in a battery pack, and a battery pack including the same. In the battery pack, a heat exchange portion of a battery cell assembly formed by stacking a plurality of battery cells each including an electrode tab lead portion and a heat exchange portion is configured to be in contact with a heat conduction member disposed on a bottom portion of a housing without a sealed surface, and a corner portion formed to protrude from one end of the electrode tab lead portion is configured to be accommodated through a bus bar assembly, a cover plate, or a step portion of the bottom portion of the housing to be electrically insulated.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a base including a receiving portion that receives a substrate on which semiconductor elements are disposed; and at least one ultrasonic generator that generates and applies ultrasonic waves to the substrate placed in the base.

Abstract: Provided is a virtual sensor system for a digital twin application. The virtual sensor system includes an edge gateway configured to collect data collected from physical sensors in the real world, apply the collected data to a virtual sensor model, and operate virtual sensors for configuring a digital twin world, and a virtual sensor framework configured to train the virtual sensor model using data, which is measured by the physical sensors, from the edge gateway and distribute the virtual sensor model to the edge gateway.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device having a semiconductor die within an extended substrate and a bottom substrate may include bonding a bottom surface of a semiconductor die to a top surface of a bottom substrate, forming an adhering member to a top surface of the semiconductor die, bonding an extended substrate to the semiconductor die and to the top surface of the bottom substrate utilizing the adhering member and a conductive bump on a bottom surface of the extended substrate and a conductive bump on the bottom substrate. The semiconductor die and the conductive bumps may be encapsulated utilizing a mold member. The conductive bump on the bottom surface of the extended substrate may be electrically connected to a terminal on the top surface of the extended substrate. The adhering member may include a laminate film, a non-conductive film adhesive, or a thermal hardening liquid adhesive.

Abstract: A pixel includes a first bank pattern and a second bank pattern disposed on a base layer; a first electrode and a second electrode disposed on the first bank pattern and the second bank pattern, and spaced apart from each other; a light emitting element disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode, and including a first end electrically connected to the first electrode, and a second end electrically connected to the second electrode; and at least one insulating layer overlapping the light emitting element and at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode. The at least one insulating layer includes at least one of a first opening adjacent to the first end of the light emitting element and a second opening adjacent to the second end of the light emitting element.

Abstract: The invention relates to a light-emitting element dispersing agent; a light-emitting element ink comprising the same; and a method for producing a display device. This method for producing a display device may comprise spraying an ink including a solvent, light emitting elements, and a light emitting element dispersant onto a target substrate provided with a first electrode and a second electrode, applying a voltage to the first electrode and the second electrode to generate an electric field on the target substrate, irradiating the ink sprayed on the target substrate with light to form a dispersant fragment in which the light emitting element dispersant is decomposed, and removing the solvent and the dispersant fragment of the ink.

Abstract: A system for replacing a battery of a mobility is proposed and includes: a battery mounting part provided on an outer surface of a mobility and having a mounting space defined therein, the mounting space being open to an outside, with a battery mounted in the mounting space, and a battery replacement module having a new battery provided therein and mounting the new battery in the mounting space of the battery mounting part after removing the existing battery to be replaced by rotating the new battery and the existing battery together when the battery replacement module approaches the battery mounting part of the mobility.

Abstract: A camera module includes a housing accommodating a lens module, a driving unit including a magnet disposed on the lens module and a coil disposed to face the magnet, a yoke generating attractive force with the magnet, a first ball member accommodated in a first receiving space disposed between the lens module and the housing, and pressed by the attractive force, and a second ball member accommodated in a second receiving space disposed between the lens module and the housing, and pressed by the attractive force. A length of the first receiving space in an optical axis direction is different from a length of the second receiving space in the optical axis direction.

Abstract: Various embodiments of the present invention relate to a secondary battery, and the objective of the present invention is to provide a secondary battery, which has drop-impact resistance, by providing an electrode assembly having a relatively thick inner circumferential and a relatively thin outer circumferential tab. To this end, disclosed is a secondary battery, which comprises an electrode assembly comprising: an anode plate having an inner circumferential tab formed at a wound front end thereof; a separator covering the anode plate; and a cathode plate having an outer circumferential tab formed at a wound distal end thereof.

Abstract: An aerosol generating device includes a housing comprising an article insertion portion for receiving an aerosol generating article, a cartridge insertable into the housing and comprising a flexible portion, and an actuator provided in the housing and configured to change a volume of the cartridge by deformation of the flexible portion.

Abstract: An integrated control apparatus for an autonomous driving vehicle is configured to perform steering, shifting, accelerating, and braking of the vehicle by a user operating a foldable steering wheel, a shift slide switch, an acceleration trigger switch, and a brake button switch that are provided in a movable manipulator when the vehicle is turned from an autonomous driving mode to a manual driving mode.