Abstract: A combined heat exchanger module includes an upper tank configured to introduce cooling water into the combined heat exchanger module; a lower tank configured to discharge the cooling water from the combined heat exchanger module; first heat radiating channels, each having an upper end connected with the upper tank and a lower end connected with the lower tank; second heat radiating channels, each having an upper end connected with the upper tank and a lower end connected with the lower tank; and thermoelectric elements, each having a first surface in surface contact with the second heat radiating channels and a second surface exposed to air, whereby heat generated from an engine or electric components of a vehicle is absorbed in the cooling water.

Abstract: Provided is a wireless communication method performed at an access point to enhance the transmission efficiency in a wireless local area network (WLAN) system, the method including scheduling a transmission time of an enhanced traffic indicator map (TIM) frame based on a type of a station, and transmitting a second beacon including the enhanced TIM frame to the station at a point in time aside from a transmission point in time of a first beacon.

Abstract: A heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) system for an electric vehicle, may include a heating line on which an electric heater and a heating pump are provided; a first heating line connected to the heating line through a main valve, provided with a heater core for indoor heating, and having cooling water flow therethrough to form a first heating channel along with the heating line; a second heating line having one end portion connected to one end portion of the heating line through the main valve and the other end portion connected to the other end portion of the heating line, and having the cooling water flow therethrough to form a second heating channel along with the heating line; and a controller configured for controlling an opening degree of the main valve to control the flow of cooling water of the first heating channel or the second heating channel.

Abstract: A ventilation module can be used with a ventilation seat for a vehicle. A thermoelectric air-conditioning part has a thermoelectric unit performing heat absorption and heat generation by using a Peltier effect when electric power is applied, a cooling unit provided at a first side of the thermoelectric unit, and a heat dissipation unit provided at a second side of the thermoelectric unit. The module is configured so that air that is supplied from a blower is cooled by the thermoelectric air-conditioning part, passes through a cooling fin of the cooling unit, and is discharged to an interior of the vehicle through a seat cushion. The module is configured so that air that is supplied from the blower is heated by the thermoelectric air-conditioning part, passes through a heat dissipating fin of the heat dissipation unit, and is discharged through the heat dissipation path.

Abstract: A wireless communication method and apparatus in a wireless local area network (WLAN) system are disclosed. A wireless communication method according to one embodiment may include generating a high-efficiency Wi-Fi (HEW) frame including at least one of an HEW-SIG-A field and an HEW-SIG-B field which include channel information for communications according to an Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) mode, and transmitting the generated HEW frame to a reception apparatus.

Abstract: A scanning method in a wireless local area network (WLAN) system is provided. The scanning method includes transmitting, by a station, a probe request frame and receiving, by the station, a probe response frame from an access point (AP). The AP determines whether to transmit the probe response frame in response to the probe request frame using information indicated by the probe request frame.

Abstract: Provided is a method and apparatus for allocating resources in a wireless local area network (WLAN) system, the method including determining a restricted access bandwidth (RAB) interval based on at least a bandwidth or a partial bandwidth among a plurality of bandwidths, and setting a restricted access window (RAW) of a time domain based on the RAB interval.

Abstract: A channel access method and apparatus are disclosed. The channel access method by an access point (AP) having a sector antenna in a wireless local access network (WLAN), may include transmitting a sector beacon with respect to any one sector among a plurality of sectors, transmitting and receiving data with at least one station in any one sector during a pre-scheduled sector interval, sequentially performing transmission of the sector beacon and transmission and reception of the data with respect to remaining sectors of the plurality of sectors excluding the any one sector, transmitting an omni beacon with respect to all of the plurality of sectors, and transmitting and receiving data with respect to at least one station of the plurality of sectors during a pre-scheduled Basic Service Set (BSS) interval.

Abstract: A heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC) system of a vehicle may include a battery cooling line to circulate a first coolant through a first radiator, a high voltage battery core, and a first valve; an electronic component cooling line to circulate a second coolant through a second radiator, an electronic component core, and a second valve; a branch line having a first end portion branched from the first valve and a second end portion connected to an upstream point of the high voltage battery core; an auxiliary line having a first end portion branched from the second valve and a second end portion connected to an upstream point of the electronic component core; and a controller performing heat transfer in the main heat exchanger by controlling the first valve and the second valve when a temperature of the high voltage battery core is required to be increased.

Abstract: A Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) system for a vehicle, may include a first coolant line passing through a radiator; a second coolant line passing through an indoor air conditioning core and a high voltage battery core; a first coolant exchange line passing through a first heat exchanger; a second coolant exchange line passing through a second heat exchanger; a refrigerant line including the first heat exchanger, the second heat exchanger, and a compressor, in which coolant circulates; and a controller configured to control the first valve and the second valve to selectively connect the first coolant line or the second coolant line to the first coolant exchange line or the second coolant exchange line.

Abstract: Disclosed are a frame transmission method using a selective beamforming and a communication apparatus to perform the frame transmission method. The communication apparatus may determine a beamforming matrix based on classification information in which a plurality of subcarriers used for communication is classified into a plurality of frequency units, may map a long training field (LTF) sequence to the beamforming matrix, and transmit a beamforming training (BF-T) frame including the mapped LTF sequence to a plurality of stations, may receive, from the plurality of stations having receiving the BF-T frame, feedback information generated based on a reception strength of the BF-T frame, and may allocate frequency units to data frames to be transmitted to the plurality of stations based on the feedback information, and transmit the data frames using the allocated frequency units. The reception strength of the BF-T frame may be determined at each station for each frequency unit.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for wireless communication in a wireless personal area network (WPAN) communication system. A wireless communication method to be performed by a first wireless communication device includes broadcasting a beacon, receiving an association request signal from a second wireless communication device receiving the beacon, and performing association with the second wireless communication device after receiving the association request signal, in which the first wireless communication device may suspend beacon transmission after the association with the second wireless communication device is established.

Abstract: The oxide of the present invention for thin-film transistors is an In—Zn—Sn-based oxide containing In, Zn, and Sn, wherein when the respective contents (atomic %) of metal elements contained in the In—Zn—Sn-based oxide are expressed by [Zn], [Sn], and [In], the In—Zn—Sn-based oxide fulfills the following expressions (2) and (4) when [In]/([In]+[Sn])?0.5; or the following expressions (1), (3), and (4) when [In]/([In]+[Sn])>0.5. [In]/([In]+[Zn]+[Sn])?0.3??(1), [In]/([In]+[Zn]+[Sn])?1.4×{[Zn]/([Zn]+[Sn])}?0.5??(2), [Zn]/([In]+[Zn]+[Sn])?0.83??(3), and 0.1?[In]/([In]+[Zn]+[Sn])??(4). According to the present invention, oxide thin films for thin-film transistors can be obtained, which provide TFTs with excellent switching characteristics, and which have high sputtering rate in the sputtering and properly controlled etching rate in the wet etching.

Abstract: Disclosed are a frame transmission method using a selective beamforming and a communication apparatus to perform the frame transmission method. The communication apparatus may determine a beamforming matrix based on classification information in which a plurality of subcarriers used for communication is classified into a plurality of frequency units, may map a long training field (LTF) sequence to the beamforming matrix, and transmit a beamforming training (BF-T) frame including the mapped LTF sequence to a plurality of stations, may receive, from the plurality of stations having receiving the BF-T frame, feedback information generated based on a reception strength of the BF-T frame, and may allocate frequency units to data frames to be transmitted to the plurality of stations based on the feedback information, and transmit the data frames using the allocated frequency units. The reception strength of the BF-T frame may be determined at each station for each frequency unit.

Abstract: A surveillance system is provided. The surveillance system includes: a first frequency communication module configured to receive a first surveillance image from a first camera, and receive a second surveillance image from a second camera; a second frequency communication module configured to receive second frequency communication module notice information from the second camera; and a processor configured to change a reception signal gain value of the first frequency communication module based on the second frequency communication module notice information, wherein a reception signal strength of the first surveillance image is different from a reception signal strength of the second surveillance image.

Abstract: A coolant heating device for a vehicle includes: a housing storing coolant therein and having a sheath heater therein; an upper space part protruding upwards from a top surface of the housing and having an inner space via which an inner space of the housing communicates with the upper space part; a water-level-sensing part disposed inside the upper space part to sense a level of coolant in the housing; and a controller for controlling operation of the sheath heater based on the level of coolant sensed by the water-level-sensing part.

Abstract: A sheath heater includes: a housing having an accommodating space formed therein; a plurality of main terminals electrically connected to an outside of the sheath heater through an electric circuit, wherein the accommodating space is filled with magnesia and the plurality of main terminals are disposed in the accommodating space to penetrate through one side and another side of the housing; an overheat preventing means located in the housing, connected in series with the electric circuit, and having a PTC element controlling a flow of current of the electric circuit according to a temperature of the PTC element; and a heating element electrically connected to the electric circuit and generating heat during the flow of current.

Abstract: A cooling water heating apparatus includes: a housing having an inlet through which cooling water flows in at a first side and an outlet through which cooling water flows out at a second side; a sheath heater housed in the housing and electrically connected to an outside through an electric circuit to heat the cooling water in the housing; and an overheat preventing device housed in the housing to be submerged under the cooling water in an upper side of the housing in a gravity direction, the overheat preventing device having a positive temperature coefficient (PTC) device connected in series to the electric circuit of the sheath heater to allow the PTC device to control energization of the sheath heater.

Abstract: An air conditioner for a vehicle provided with a cooling line which includes an evaporator core, a compressor, a condenser, and an expansion valve, includes a heater core provided between the compressor and the condenser on the cooling line, configured to be introduced with a refrigerant from the compressor, to have the refrigerant circulated therein, and to discharge the refrigerant to the condenser. The air conditioner further includes a housing vertically provided with an inlet and an outlet and having the heater core and the evaporator core each disposed in a left and right space therein, an inflow side door provided at a side of the inlet between the heater core and the evaporator core for controlling distribution amount of air introduced, and an outflow side door provided at a side of the outlet between the heater core and the evaporator core for controlling mixed amount of air discharged.

Abstract: A channel access method of an access point (AP) having a sector antenna in a wireless local access network (WLAN) includes transmitting a sector beacon with respect to any one sector among a plurality of sectors, transmitting and receiving data with at least one station in any one sector during a pre-scheduled sector interval, sequentially performing transmission of the sector beacon and transmission and reception of the data with respect to remaining sectors of the plurality of sectors excluding the any one sector, transmitting an omni beacon with respect to all of the plurality of sectors, and transmitting and receiving data with respect to at least one station of the plurality of sectors during a pre-scheduled Basic Service Set (BSS) interval.