Abstract: An armrest for a rear center seat of a vehicle includes a foam pad for the rear armrest and a convenience device mounted in the foam pad. The foam pad has formed therein a concave portion configured to induce deformation due to impact and distribute load at a portion in contact with the convenience device so as to satisfy the static strength test on a center headrest for the rear center seat, and at the same time, improve comfort of a passenger seated on the rear center seat.

Abstract: A spray nozzle device according to an embodiment includes a first nozzle unit including a first internal passage connected to a first spray port into which a fluid is sprayed and a first injection port through which the fluid is injected to the first internal passage, a second nozzle unit that is located in the first internal passage and has a second spray port, through which plasma is sprayed, on one side adjacent to the first spray port, and a distribution unit that is located between the first nozzle unit and the second nozzle unit and partitions the first internal passage into a first partition passage connected to the first spray port and a second partition passage connected to the first injection port, wherein the distribution unit includes a plurality of connection passages connecting the first partition passage and the second partition passage.

Abstract: A solid oxide cell includes a fuel electrode, an air electrode, and an electrolyte disposed between the fuel electrode and the air electrode. The fuel electrode may include a porous metal body having pores and a barrier portion disposed in the pores of the porous metal body, and the barrier portion has a shape of at least one of a sheet shape and a flake shape.

Abstract: A solid oxide cell stack includes first and second interconnects, a solid oxide cell disposed between the first and second interconnects, and a porous metal foam between the first interconnect and the solid oxide cell, wherein the porous metal foam includes a carbon nanostructure formed on a surface thereof.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method for recovering ammonia, the method comprising (a) preparing a gas containing ammonia,(b) supplying the gas containing ammonia to a mixed solution of an aqueous solution of sulfuric acid and a antisolvent of ammonium sulfate, to obtain ammonium sulfate crystals, and (c) separating the ammonium sulfate crystals from the mixed solution, wherein a volume ratio of the antisolvent of ammonium sulfate to the aqueous solution of sulfuric acid is greater than 1.

Abstract: An N-value prediction apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a hypothetical learning data augmentation unit, based on an actual N-value measured at an actual location according to the Standard Penetration Test through drilling investigation, generating at least one of hypothetical N-values corresponding to a preset hypothetical point based on the actual location, an N-value prediction model learning unit learning ground characteristic data corresponding to each of the actual location and the hypothetical point by artificial intelligence, the ground characteristic data including the actual N-value and the hypothetical N-values, and an N-value prediction result calculation unit predicting an N-value at an arbitrary prediction target point by using an N-value prediction model generated by artificial intelligence learning executed in the N-value prediction model learning unit.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition for preventing or treating transplantation rejection or a transplantation rejection disease, comprising a novel compound and a calcineurin inhibitor. A co-administration of the present invention 1) reduces the activity of pathogenic Th1 cells or Th17 cells, 2) increases the activity of Treg cells, 3) has an inhibitory effect against side effects, such as tissue damage, occurring in the sole administration thereof, 4) inhibits various pathogenic pathways, 5) inhibits the cell death of inflammatory cells, and 6) increases the activity of mitochondria, in an in vivo or in vitro allogenic model, a transplantation rejection disease model, a skin transplantation model, and a liver-transplanted patient, and thus inhibits transplantation rejection along with mitigating side effects possibly occurring in the administration of a conventional immunosuppressant alone.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to an ultrathin micro-spectrometer and a method of manufacturing the same, and more particularly, relates to an ultrathin micro-spectrometer including: a lens portion including: a convex lens; and a back-reflection grating layer which is formed on a rear surface of the convex lens and on the same surface of which a reflective diffraction grating and a first planar reflector are arranged; a substrate layer which is disposed to be spaced apart from the lens portion and on which a light incidence microslit is formed; a second planar reflector which is formed on the substrate layer; and a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) sensor on which light reflected by the lens portion is focused, and a method of manufacturing the same.

Abstract: A spray nozzle device according to an embodiment includes a first nozzle having a first spray hole for spraying plasma, a second nozzle spaced apart from the first nozzle and having at least one second spray hole through which the plasma sprayed from the first nozzle passes, a coupling member spaced apart from the second nozzle and coupled to the first nozzle, and at least one connecting member connecting the second nozzle with the coupling member. The second nozzle includes at least one inflow channel for the injection of a deposition material into the second spray hole.

Abstract: A dipper for a work machine is disclosed. The dipper may have a front cavity wall forming an inlet which defines a vertical inlet plane, a rear cavity wall opposite the front cavity wall forming an outlet which defines an outlet plane, a top cavity wall extending between front and rear cavity walls defining a horizontal top plane, a bottom cavity wall opposite the top cavity wall defining a bottom plane, and two side cavity walls. The two side cavity walls may further extend between the front and rear cavity wall. The outlet plane may be angled relative to the inlet plane, the bottom plane may be angled relative to the top plane, and the outlet plane is perpendicular to the bottom plane.

Abstract: A method can be used for controlling torque of a diesel hybrid vehicle. The method includes calculating energy consumptions of an engine for respective engine torques within an engine torque range and calculating energy consumptions of a battery for respective motor torques within a motor torque range. A plurality of total energy consumptions can be calculated based on the energy consumptions of the engine and the energy consumptions of the battery. The torque of the diesel hybrid vehicle can be controlled based on an engine torque and a motor torque that are relevant to the minimum of the plurality of total energy consumptions. The energy consumptions of the engine are calculated based on a lower heating value of fuel, fuel consumption rates, and nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions.

Abstract: A method can be used for controlling torque of a diesel hybrid vehicle. The method includes calculating energy consumptions of an engine for respective engine torques within an engine torque range and calculating energy consumptions of a battery for respective motor torques within a motor torque range. A plurality of total energy consumptions can be calculated based on the energy consumptions of the engine and the energy consumptions of the battery. The torque of the diesel hybrid vehicle can be controlled based on an engine torque and a motor torque that are relevant to the minimum of the plurality of total energy consumptions. The energy consumptions of the engine are calculated based on a lower heating value of fuel, fuel consumption rates, and nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions.

Abstract: Disclosed are a polyurethane composition, a molded article, and a vehicle comprising the polyurethane composition or the molded article. The polyurethane composition comprises a polyol composition (A) in which polyether polyol (a1) and polymer polyol (a2) are mixed at a predetermined amount, an isocyanate composition (B) obtainable by polymerizing polyether polyol (b2) and an isocyanate composition (b1) that comprises i) methylene diphenyl isocyanate (M-MDI) and ii) polymethylene diphenyl isocyanate (P-MDI). As such, the molded article such as a vehicle seat pad can be manufactured with improved static and dynamic comfort.

Abstract: Disclosed are a polyurethane composition, a molded article, and a vehicle comprising the polyurethane composition or the molded article. The polyurethane composition comprises a polyol composition (A) in which polyether polyol (a1) and polymer polyol (a2) are mixed at a predetermined amount, an isocyanate composition (B) obtainable by polymerizing polyether polyol (b2) and an isocyanate composition (b1) that comprises i) methylene diphenyl isocyanate (M-MDI) and ii) polymethylene diphenyl isocyanate (P-MDI). As such, the molded article such as a vehicle seat pad can be manufactured with improved static and dynamic comfort.

Abstract: A plasma generating device is disclosed. A plasma generating device according to an embodiment of the present invention comprises: a plasma generating module for generating plasma; and at least one plasma nozzle for externally discharging the plasma generated by the plasma generating module, wherein a rotating body is provided separately from the plasma generating module and is rotatably disposed on the outside of the plasma generating module.

Abstract: A semiconductor manufacturing apparatus may include a chamber accommodating a substrate to be processed, a first electrode providing electric field in the chamber and a second electrode opposing to the first electrode, and a first power transmitting rod connected to one of the first electrode and the second electrode. A conductive stress attenuating unit may be formed in the first power transmitting rod. Methods of manufacturing semiconductor devices using the semiconductor manufacturing apparatus are also disclosed.

Abstract: A plasma generating device is disclosed. A plasma generating device according to an embodiment of the present invention comprises: a plasma generating module for generating plasma; and at least one plasma nozzle for externally discharging the plasma generated by the plasma generating module, wherein a rotating body is provided separately from the plasma generating module and is rotatably disposed on the outside of the plasma generating module.

Abstract: A regenerative braking apparatus of a hybrid vehicle may include an engine generating power by combustion of fuel, an HSG starting the engine and generating electrical energy by operating as a generator when the engine is in an on state, a motor assisting the power of the engine, being operated as a generator and generating electrical energy in braking, and a controller controlling such that a hybrid vehicle is braked by regenerative braking according to an operation of the HSG when deceleration energy in braking is higher than a generating capacity of the motor.

Abstract: A regenerative braking apparatus of a hybrid vehicle may include an engine generating power by combustion of fuel, an HSG starting the engine and generating electrical energy by operating as a generator when the engine is in an on state, a motor assisting the power of the engine, being operated as a generator and generating electrical energy in braking, and a controller controlling such that a hybrid vehicle is braked by regenerative braking according to an operation of the HSG when deceleration energy in braking is higher than a generating capacity of the motor.

Abstract: A semiconductor manufacturing apparatus may include a chamber accommodating a substrate to be processed, a first electrode providing electric field in the chamber and a second electrode opposing to the first electrode, and a first power transmitting rod connected to one of the first electrode and the second electrode. A conductive stress attenuating unit may be formed in the first power transmitting rod. Methods of manufacturing semiconductor devices using the semiconductor manufacturing apparatus are also disclosed.