Abstract: A communication system in which a transferring unit are configured for transferring at least one information element from a first base station to a second base station. In one embodiment, the information element is sent internally to a communication apparatus including the first and second base stations or externally via a communication node external to the apparatus. In one embodiment, the information element is sent between the two base stations via a communication node of a communication network.

Abstract: A communication apparatus is disclosed, which comprises a base station module and an access point module for providing wireless connectivity to a communication network to at least one mobile communication device; an interface for coupling the base station module and the access point module for performing at least one of: a channel restriction operation; a power restriction operation; an intelligent uplink scheduling operation; a carrier frequency reselection operation; and a traffic steering operation; whereby alleviating an interference arising due to coexistence of the base station module and the access point module.

Abstract: Methods, devices, and systems are described for sending and receiving messages between a terminal reader and a payment device, such as a credit card. A dynamic signature is calculated on the payment device from an application transaction counter, a terminal unpredictable number, and a transaction amount, and it is sent with an application file locator (AFL) to the reader. The reader then sends a read record command to the payment device to get records associated with the AFL, among other normal processing. While the normal processing is occurring for the transaction, the dynamic signature can be recalculated and compared with that from the payment device in order to assure that nothing has surreptitiously changed the values in the messages.

Abstract: The present invention provides a communication node for a communication network. The communication node includes means for identifying that paging is required for a mobile communication device, means for obtaining information identifying at least one cell in which said mobile communication device has been located previously and for obtaining further information relating to at least one of movement of the mobile communication device between cells and a time when said mobile communication device was located in said at least one cell, means for defining a set comprising at least one cell in which to seek said mobile communication device, based on said information and said further information, and means for initiating transmission of a respective paging message for said mobile communication device in each cell of said set.

Abstract: A communication system includes a communication network including a plurality of communication cells, a plurality of mobile communication devices each operable to connect into the communication network via at least one of the communication cells, and a communication apparatus for providing at least one of the communication cells. The communication apparatus includes first and second base station functions each operable to acquire a congestion status and access control information for the other base station.

Abstract: Methods, devices, and systems are described for sending and receiving messages between a terminal reader and a payment device, such as a credit card. A dynamic signature is calculated on the payment device from an application transaction counter, a terminal unpredictable number, and a transaction amount, and it is sent with an application file locator (AFL) to the reader. The reader then sends a read record command to the payment device to get records associated with the AFL, among other normal processing. While the normal processing is occurring for the transaction, the dynamic signature can be recalculated and compared with that from the payment device in order to assure that nothing has surreptitiously changed the values in the messages.

Abstract: A target communications device receiving from a source communications device a notification that a user communications device is to be handed over from that source communications device, provides the source communications device with multiple component carrier information for use by the user communications device. The multiple component carrier information includes information indicating to the user communications device which of the multiple component carriers is to be used for initial access. The multiple component carrier information may be component carrier indexes. Communication devices may exchange component carrier indexes during a setup or updating procedure such as an X2 setup or updating procedure.

Abstract: A target node includes an S1 interface which includes an interface between the target node and a gateway, an X2 interface which includes an interface between a source node and the target node, and a transceiver which receives data from the S1 interface and data from the X2 interface. The transceiver sends the data from the X2 interface before sending the data from the S1 interface to a mobile device after the mobile device completes a handover from the source node to the target node.

Abstract: An acid composition comprising 2-formyl-furan-5-carboxylic acid and 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid is purified in a process which comprises; contacting the acid composition with an alcohol to obtain an esterified composition; and separating the ester of 2-formyl-furan-5-carboxylic acid from the esterified composition to obtain a purified esterified product; and contacting the purified esterified composition with water for saponification or hydrolysis, to obtain a product composition, comprising 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid and a reduced amount of 2-formyl-furan-5-carboxylic acid.

Abstract: A mobile station which communicates with a base station includes a transceiver configured to receive a downlink control channel, and a controller configured to determine whether C-RNTI is included in the downlink control channel. The controller is further configured to determine that resource allocation in the downlink control channel overrides persistent downlink resource allocation for a Transmission Time Interval (TTI) if the C-RNTI is included in the downlink control channel. The transceiver is further configured to receive a Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ) transmission by using persistent downlink resources.

Abstract: A base station of a communications network includes a transceiver circuit configured to transmit signals in a first Radio Access Node (RAN) and signals in a second RAN, and a controller configured to deter mine if signals in the second RAN should be stopped based on a load of the first RAN.

Abstract: A target node includes an S1 interface which includes an interface between the target node and a gateway, an X2 interface which includes an interface between a source node and the target node, and a transceiver which receives data from the S1 interface and data from the X2 interface. The transceiver sends the data from the X2 interface before sending the data from the S1 interface to a mobile device after the mobile device completes a handover from the source node to the target node.

Abstract: A target communications device receiving from a source communications device a notification that a user communications device is to be handed over from that source communications device, provides the source communications device with multiple component carrier information for use by the user communications device. The multiple component carrier information includes information indicating to the user communications device which of the multiple component carriers is to be used for initial access. The multiple component carrier information may be component carrier indexes. Communication devices may exchange component carrier indexes during a setup or updating procedure such as an X2 setup or updating procedure.

Abstract: A communications node includes a memory configured to store allocation data defining an allocation of persistent downlink resources for use in communicating data between the communications node and another node of a communications system within predetermined transmission time intervals (TTIs), a receiver configured to receive control data relating to a dynamic allocation of resources to be used in a current TTI, and a controller configured to determine if a C-RNTI is present in the control data for a TTI for which a User Equipment (UE) includes persistent downlink resources, determine that the resource allocation indicated on a control channel for the TTI overrides the persistent downlink resources for the TTI, when a C-RNTI is present in the control channel for a TTI for which the UE has persistent downlink resources, and allocate persistent downlink resources for a Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ) transmission.

Abstract: A system is proposed to provide handover in a mobile telecommunications environment, particularly applicable to 3GPP networks, in which a user device, such as a mobile telephone provides a buffer status report to the target base station during a handover procedure. The target base station uses this status report to allocate appropriate resources for uplink data to be transmitted from the user device to the target base station.

Abstract: A method comprising, at a reader, performing at least one transaction-based risk management process prior to energizing a contactless interface, initiating communication with a card utilized for a contactless transaction, receiving information associated with the card, terminating communication with the card, and authorizing the contactless transaction.

Abstract: A communication system includes a communication network including a plurality of communication cells, a plurality of mobile communication devices each operable to connect into the communication network via at least one of the communication cells, and a communication apparatus for providing at least one of the communication cells. The communication apparatus is operable to provide first and second communication cells via which a mobile communication device can connect to a communication network and to determine whether a mobile communication device is connected to the communication network via the first and/or second communication cells. The communication apparatus is also operable to monitor for further communication cells in dependence on a result of the determination by the determining unit.

Abstract: A system is proposed to provide handover in a mobile telecommunications environment, particularly applicable to 3GPP networks, in which a user device, such as a mobile telephone provides a buffer status report to the target base station during a handover procedure. The target base station uses this status report to allocate appropriate resources for uplink data to be transmitted from the user device to the target base station.