Abstract: A computing device is disclosed that comprises processing circuitry configured to cause the computing device to expose (110), to an application server, at least one resource hosted by the computing device, and to provide (120), to the application server, a hypermedia document that provides access to a value of a parameter characterising access of the computing device to a communication network over which the computing device is operable to communicate. The hypermedia document conforms to a data model for use by constrained devices. Also disclosed is an application server that is operable to use the value of the parameter provided in the hypermedia document to prepare an interaction with the resource hosted by the computing device. Methods performed by a computing device and application server are also disclosed.

Abstract: One or more aspects of the disclosure relate to various functions and processes related to routing of calls based on origination and/or destination information. In one aspect, a method may comprise receiving a request for a call session, and the request may include an indicator that may indicate whether to route a call based on origination and/or destination information of the call session. Based on the indicator, a routing element may determine whether the call session should be routed based on origination information and/or destination information.

Abstract: A method (100) for orchestrating execution of a complex computational operation by at least one computing node is disclosed, wherein the complex computational operation can be decomposed into a plurality of component computational operations. The method, performed by an orchestration node, comprises discovering at least one computing node that has exposed, as a resource, a capability of the computing node to execute at least one component computational operation of the plurality of component operations (110). The method further comprises, for each component computational operation of the complex computational operation, selecting a discovered computing node for execution of the component computational operation (120), and sending a request message to each selected computing node requesting the selected computing node execute the component computational operation for which it has been selected (130). The method further comprises checking for a response to each sent request message (140).

Abstract: Nodes and methods for controlling access to resources of data objects exposed by at least one computing device is disclosed. The data objects conform to an object model that specifies, for a given object name of a data object, one or more resources which may be associated with instances of a data object of that object name. An access control node is configured to receive a request to access a resource of a data object instance (110), determine a compatibility of the request with an access rule (120) and perform at least one of allowing or denying the request in accordance with the determined compatibility (130). The request to access a resource of the data object instance identifies the resource at an identification abstraction level that specifies how the resource may be accessed, and the access rule specifies one or more limitations on access to resources at a semantic abstraction level that indicates a semantic content of a data object or resource.

Abstract: A method by an IoT device includes hosting a MUD file and local memory of the IoT device, and exposing content of the MUD file from the local memory of IoT device is a CoAP resource. A related method by a MUD manager includes receiving using CoAP from an IoT device a URL advertising location of a MUD file stored in local memory of the IoT device, and getting content of the MUD file from the local memory of the IoT device using CoAP. A related method by a LwM2M server includes receiving a registration command from a LwM2M client for an IoT device using CoAP. determining a policy to be used to control communications with the IoT device, determining content of a MUD file based on the policy that is determined, and providing the content of the MUD file to the LwM2M client for the IoT device using CoAP.

Abstract: Methods for operating a device and for managing bootstrapping of devices are disclosed. The method (100) for operating a device comprises computing (102) a derivative of a secret shared between the device and a server entity of a network, generating (104) a temporary bootstrap URI by combining at least a part of the computed derivative with a static bootstrap URI for the network, and sending (106) a bootstrap request to the temporary bootstrap URI. The method for managing bootstrapping of devices comprises generating temporary bootstrap URIs corresponding to devices operable to connect to a network, and updating a network DNS registry to map the generated temporary bootstrap URIs to the IP address of at least one of a bootstrap server instance reachable via the network and/or a bootstrap load balancer. Also disclosed are a device, a bootstrap load balancer, a bootstrap server, and a computer program.

Abstract: Dynamic distribution of a computational graph that defines a set of operations comprising a first subset of one or more operations and a second subset of one or more operations. In one aspect, there is a method for generating output data based on the computational graph. The method includes a first device storing information related to the computational graph, the information related to the computational graph comprising information representing the first subset of operations. The method also includes the first device receiving input data and the first device performing the first subset of operations using the received input data, thereby producing first output data corresponding to the first subset of operations. The method further includes the first device exposing the first output data as a discoverable resource so that the first output data is discoverable by other devices.

Abstract: A method performed by a wireless device (130) for handling configuration of the wireless device (130). The wireless device (130) operates in a communications network (10). The wireless device (130) sends (203) an indication to a network node (110) operating in the communications network (10). The indication comprises a configuration object in Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP). The configuration object comprises one or more configuration parameters of the wireless device (130) in the communications network (10). The wireless device (130) then receives (204) another indication from the network node (110). The another indication comprises a first instruction to configure the wireless device (130) to use at least one changed configuration parameter of the one or more configuration parameters. The at least one changed configuration parameter id adapted to one or more policies of the communications network (10) for the wireless device (130).

Abstract: A method is disclosed for managing notifications about a resource exposed by a computing device. The method, performed by a node, comprises sending a message to the computing device, the message registering the node for notifications about the state of the resource and specifying, in a message to the computing device, a limitation on a notification payload size, the limitation applicable to notifications about the state of the resource. Also disclosed are a method performed by a computing device, a node, a computing device and a computer program product.

Abstract: An IoT electronic device executes services distributed by an IoT service orchestration device. A Lightweight Machine-to-Machine (LwM2M) request message is received. The LwM2M request message contains a LwM2M object identifying hardware resources of the IoT electronic device for which characteristics are requested. A LwM2M command is executed that accesses a LwM2M interface identified based on content of the LwM2M object to determine the characteristics of the hardware resources of the IoT electronic device which are identified by the LwM2M object. A response message contains information identifying the characteristics of the hardware resources of the IoT electronic device. The response message is communicated toward the IoT service orchestrator device. A service image is received for execution which is adapted by the IoT service orchestrator device, responsive to the information in the response message identifying the characteristics of the hardware resources of the IoT electronic device.

Abstract: A method performed by a first node (111) is described herein. The first node (111) operates in a communications network (10). The first node (111) sends (204) a query to a second node (112) operating in the communications network (10). The query requests information on a location of a communication device (130) operating in the communications network (10). The communication device (130) is identified by the first node (111) as a constrained communication device (130) lacking a capability to query the second node (112). The first node (111) obtains (205) the information from the second node (112), in response to the sent query, and initiates updating (207) an object in the communication device (130) based on the obtained information. A method performed by the communication device (130) is also described, whereby the device sends (301), to the first node (111), an indication that it is constrained, and obtains (304) the update.

Abstract: A method of providing access to IoT resources is provided. The method is performed by a Bluetooth low energy, BLE, tag supporting a Bluetooth wireless technology standard. The method comprises broadcasting a reference to a resource directory comprising reachability information to one or more Internet of Things, IoT, resources and supporting a Constrained Application Protocol, CoAP. A corresponding method performed by a communications device is also provided, and a BLE tag, a communications device, computer programs and computer program products.

Abstract: A method (200) is disclosed for operating a constrained device within a network, the network comprising a Network Address Translation (NAT) node deployed between the constrained device and a manager. The method comprises receiving from the manager configuration information for a Port Control Protocol (PCP) configuration data Object on the constrained device (210), the configuration information comprising a value for a Resource in the PCP configuration data Object (210a) and execution of a Resource in the PCP configuration data Object, the execution triggering sending of a PCP request (210b). The method further comprises sending a PCP Request to the NAT node in accordance with the executed Resource, the PCP Request including the Resource value received in the configuration information (220). Also disclosed are methods (500, 600) and apparatus for configuring and managing a constrained device.

Abstract: Systems and methods for increasing the value of trash. By increasing the value of trash, persons have an incentive to collect litter and deposit the collected litter at an appropriate trash collection site (e.g., garbage can, reverse vending machine, recycling center, etc.). In one aspect, a financial instrument (e.g., a Bitcoin, Bitcoin-like value, account identifier, or any other financial instrument) or a pointer to a financial instrument is attached to the object itself or placed inside of the object in a way that is not easily extracted before appropriate time.

Abstract: Complete and partial object publication using, for example, MQTT or other protocol is described. In some embodiments, an emphasis is placed on keeping the amount of state information that the broker must maintain to a minimum, as well as allowing idempotent operations over objects in order to keep the object view between the subscribers consistent. Embodiments are described in which only the parts of an object have changed are transferred to the subscribers who subscribe to that object.

Abstract: A method performed by a node (111) supporting operation on a Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP), but incapable of supporting operation on a Domain Name System (DNS) protocol. The node (111) encodes (402) a DNS query into a first message (601, 701), which has a format supported by the CoAP. The DNS query is mapped to the CoAP format of the first message (601, 701) based on a mapping scheme. The node (111) then initiates sending (403) the first message (601, 701) to another node (112) operating in the communications network (100). The another node (112) supports operation on the CoAP and on the DNS protocol. The node (111) finally receives (404) a second message (620, 706) from the another node (112), which has the format supported by the CoAP. The second message (620, 706) comprises the DNS response to the sent DNS query. The DNS response is mapped to the CoAP format of the second message (620, 706) based on the mapping scheme.

Abstract: A first communication device transmits, to a second communication device, a first indication indicating a configuration enabling the first communication device to receive a partial modification of resources. The first communication device receives, from the second communication device, a second indication indicating a partial update, in time, associated with a resource and a value of a part of the resource. The first communication device further maintains an internal value of the part of the resource based on the second indication.

Abstract: A method (200) is disclosed for operating a constrained device within a network, the network comprising a firewall deployed between the constrained device and a manager. The method comprises receiving from the manager configuration information for an Attack Vector data Object and a Port Control Protocol (PCP) configuration data Object on the constrained device (210). The configuration information comprises a value for a Resource in the Attack Vector data Object (210a) and a value for a Resource in the PCP configuration data Object (210b). The method further comprises sending a PCP Request to the firewall in accordance with the PCP configuration data Object, the PCP Request including the Resource value for the Attack Vector data Object received in the configuration information (220). Also disclosed are methods (400, 500) and apparatus for managing a constrained device.

Abstract: A method performed by a first communication device, for identifying at least one second communication device each second communication device providing a respective semantic representation. The first communication device and a number of second communication devices operate in a communications network. The first communication device decides (201) a target semantic representation and decides (202) a threshold related to a tolerated semantic distance between a semantic representation and the target semantic representation. The first communication device sends (203) to one or more network devices in the communications network, a request for any one or more second communication devices out of the number of second communication devices, providing a semantic representation having a semantic distance below the decided threshold.

Abstract: A method (100) for facilitating real time multimedia communications between a constrained device and a multimedia client is disclosed. The method comprises discovering an identity and a multimedia capability of a constrained device (110), 5 receiving, from a multimedia client, a request for multimedia content from the constrained device (120), mapping information from the request to a message format used by the constrained device (130), and forwarding the mapped information to the constrained device (140). Also disclosed is a method (300) performed by a constrained device having a multimedia capability. The method comprises registering 10 an identity of the constrained device and metadata about the multimedia capability of the constrained device with a resource directory (310).