Abstract: Described are new processes for making sustainable jet fuels and components thereof, based upon generating bio-ethylene by dehydration of biomass ethanol or a bio-syngas ethanol, and subsequently employing a tailored selection of oligomerization, cyclization, and hydrogenation reactions to generate each class of compounds which can be used as components in a sustainable aviation fuel. For example bio-ethylene oligomerization can provide olefin oligomers which can be hydrogenated to linear and branched paraffins, these paraffins can be cyclized to form bio-sourced aromatic compounds which subsequently can be hydrogenated to form cycloparaffins or naphthenes. These compounds can be blended to provide sustainable products in the kerosene jet fuel range (C8-C16) or wide-cut jet fuel range (C5-C15 or C4-C16).

Abstract: Synthesis of polyalphaolefins by oligomerization of one or more branched C10 monoolefins with a solid acid catalyst to form an oligomer product, followed by hydrogenation of a C20+ olefin portion of the oligomer product to form the polyalphaolefins. The solid acid catalyst is selective to C20 olefin dimers.

Abstract: Synthesis of polyalphaolefins by oligomerization of one or more branched C10 monoolefins with an alkyl aluminum catalyst to form an oligomer product, followed by hydrogenation of a C20+ olefin portion of the oligomer product to form the polyalphaolefins. The alkyl aluminum catalyst is selective to C20 olefin dimers.

Abstract: A process to produce 1-octene and 1-decene includes (a) separating a composition containing an oligomer product-which contains 15 to 80 mol % C6 olefins, 20 to 80 mol % C8 olefins, and 5 to 20 mol % C10+ olefins-into a first oligomer composition containing C6 alkanes and at least 85 mol % C6 olefins (e.g., 1-hexene), a second oligomer composition containing at least 20 mol % C8 olefins (e.g., 1-octene), and a heavies stream containing C10+ olefins, then (b) contacting a metathesis catalyst system with the first oligomer composition to form a first composition comprising C10 linear internal olefins, (c) contacting the C10 linear internal olefins with a catalytic isomerization catalyst system in the presence of photochemical irradiation to form a second composition comprising 1-decene, and (d) purifying the second composition to isolate a third composition comprising at least 90 mol % 1-decene.

Abstract: Processes for converting methane into methanol are disclosed in which methane, water, and a supported chromium (VI) catalyst are contacted with a light beam at a wavelength in the UV-visible spectrum in an oxidizing atmosphere in a single reactor to form a reaction product comprising methanol, followed by discharging a reactor effluent containing the reaction product from the single reactor, and then separating methanol from the reaction product. Processes to produce methanol using additional reactors also are described, as well as related methanol production systems.

Abstract: A process to produce 1-octene and 1-decene includes (a) separating a composition containing an oligomer product—which contains 15 to 80 mol % C6 olefins, 20 to 80 mol % C8 olefins, and 5 to 20 mol % C10+ olefins—into a first oligomer composition containing C6 alkanes and at least 85 mol % C6 olefins (e.g., 1-hexene), a second oligomer composition containing at least 20 mol % C8 olefins (e.g., 1-octene), and a heavies stream containing C10+ olefins, then (b) contacting a metathesis catalyst system with the first oligomer composition to form a first composition comprising C10 linear internal olefins, (c) contacting the C10 linear internal olefins with a catalytic isomerization catalyst system in the presence of photochemical irradiation to form a second composition comprising 1-decene, and (d) purifying the second composition to isolate a third composition comprising at least 90 mol % 1-decene.

Abstract: Processes for converting methane into methanol are disclosed in which methane, water, and a supported chromium (VI) catalyst are contacted with a light beam at a wavelength in the UV-visible spectrum in an oxidizing atmosphere in a single reactor to form a reaction product comprising methanol, followed by discharging a reactor effluent containing the reaction product from the single reactor, and then separating methanol from the reaction product. Processes to produce methanol using additional reactors also are described, as well as related methanol production systems.

Abstract: Processes and systems that utilize a fuel cell for carbon capture from a petrochemical stream that contains hydrogen and methane. The petrochemical stream can be the tail gas of a hydrocarbon cracking system, or any other petrochemical stream containing hydrogen and methane. The petrochemical stream can be separated into a hydrogen product stream and a methane product stream, before sending the methane product stream to the fuel cell. The fuel cell converts methane to carbon dioxide and hydrogen to water, while generating electricity that can be used to power equipment.

Abstract: Processes and systems that utilize methane pyrolysis for carbon capture from a petrochemical stream that contains hydrogen and methane. The petrochemical stream can be the tail gas of a hydrocarbon cracking system, or any other petrochemical stream containing hydrogen and methane. The petrochemical stream can be separated into a hydrogen product stream and a methane product stream, before sending the methane product stream to a methane pyrolysis unit. The methane pyrolysis unit converts methane to solid carbon and hydrogen.

Abstract: Processes for producing ethylene-based polymers and oligomers from ethanol include the steps of contacting the ethanol and a catalyst to produce a reaction mixture containing ethylene, wherein a first portion of the ethanol is derived from a biomass and a second portion of the ethanol is derived from a plastic, a mixed solid waste stream, or a combination thereof, separating at least a portion of the ethylene from the reaction mixture, and contacting ethylene with a suitable polymerization or oligomerization catalyst composition to produce the ethylene polymer or ethylene oligomers. A related process for producing ethylene-based polymers and oligomers uses a first ethylene feed derived from ethanol and a second ethylene feed derived from a plastic, a mixed solid waste stream, or a combination thereof.

Abstract: Methods for determining ethylene concentration in an ethylene oligomerization reactor using an ultrasonic flow meter are described, and these methods are integrated into ethylene oligomerization processes and related oligomerization reactor systems.

Abstract: Processes for converting methane into methanol are disclosed in which methane, water, and a supported chromium (VI) catalyst are contacted with a light beam at a wavelength in the UV-visible spectrum in an oxidizing atmosphere in a single reactor to form a reaction product comprising methanol, followed by discharging a reactor effluent containing the reaction product from the single reactor, and then separating methanol from the reaction product. Processes to produce methanol using additional reactors also are described, as well as related methanol production systems.

Abstract: Processes for producing n-heptane from a mixture of 1-hexene and 1-octene in the presence of a suitable isomerization-metathesis catalyst followed by a hydrogenation step are disclosed. Integrated manufacturing systems for producing n-heptane with minimal waste also are disclosed.

Abstract: Processes and systems that utilize methane pyrolysis for carbon capture from a petrochemical stream that contains hydrogen and methane. The petrochemical stream can be the tail gas of a hydrocarbon cracking system, or any other petrochemical stream containing hydrogen and methane. The petrochemical stream can be separated into a hydrogen product stream and a methane product stream, before sending the methane product stream to a methane pyrolysis unit. The methane pyrolysis unit converts methane to solid carbon and hydrogen.

Abstract: Processes and systems that utilize a fuel cell for carbon capture from a petrochemical stream that contains hydrogen and methane. The petrochemical stream can be the tail gas of a hydrocarbon cracking system, or any other petrochemical stream containing hydrogen and methane. The petrochemical stream can be separated into a hydrogen product stream and a methane product stream, before sending the methane product stream to the fuel cell. The fuel cell converts methane to carbon dioxide and hydrogen to water, while generating electricity that can be used to power equipment.

Abstract: A hydrogen-rich hydrocarbon fuel gas can be separated into a methane fuel stream and a hydrogen product stream. The methane fuel stream can be fed to a methane fuel fired furnace, combustion of the methane fuel stream can produce a carbon-dioxide-rich flue gas, and a carbon capture process can be performed on the carbon-dioxide-rich flue gas. The hydrogen product stream can be fed to a hydrogen fired furnace or elsewhere. Combustion of the hydrogen product stream in a hydrogen fired furnace can generate a flue gas the is low in carbon dioxide. Electrolysis of water obtained from the hydrogen fired furnace flue gas can produce hydrogen for a desired use, such as fuel for the hydrogen fired furnace, and can produce oxygen for enriching the fuel gas fed to the methane fuel fired furnace.

Abstract: Processes for producing n-heptane from a mixture of 1-hexene and 1-octene in the presence of a suitable isomerization-metathesis catalyst followed by a hydrogenation step are disclosed. Integrated manufacturing systems for producing n-heptane with minimal waste also are disclosed.

Abstract: Methods for determining ethylene concentration in an ethylene oligomerization reactor using an ultrasonic flow meter are described, and these methods are integrated into ethylene oligomerization processes and related oligomerization reactor systems.

Abstract: Methods for determining ethylene concentration in an ethylene oligomerization reactor using an ultrasonic flow meter are described, and these methods are integrated into ethylene oligomerization processes and related oligomerization reactor systems.

Abstract: Processes for producing n-heptane from a mixture of 1-hexene and 1-octene in the presence of a suitable isomerization-metathesis catalyst followed by a hydrogenation step are disclosed. Integrated manufacturing systems for producing n-heptane with minimal waste also are disclosed.