Abstract: A highly oriented thin film of specific barium fluoride materials deposited at low temperatures are useful as Upconversion waveguides.

Abstract: A multiwavelength upconversion waveguide laser producing visible or ultraviolet wavelength radiation comprising a semiconductor laser diode producing relatively long wavelength radiation, a channel waveguide having a thin film material which converts the relatively long wavelength radiation into visible or ultraviolet wavelength radiation, and a optical resonator which recirculates the visible or ultraviolet wavelength radiation. The optical resonator may use an output optical coating or one or more Bragg grating reflectors as an output coupler. One or more optical resonators may be used to produce one or more visible or ultraviolet radiation wavelengths. One or more independently controllable lightwave modulators are used to modulate the visible or ultraviolet wavelength radiation.

Abstract: A frequency tunable waveguide extended cavity laser formed with a laser diode, a channel waveguide comprising an electro-optic material, a frequency tunable Bragg grating reflector formed in or on the channel waveguide and a pair of conducting electrodes. The frequency of radiation produced by the frequency tunable waveguide extended cavity laser is adjusted so as to be at a desired frequency by applying a voltage to the conducting electrodes. The device further incorporates a waveguide nonlinear optical frequency converter to produce frequency convened radiation at a higher frequency. Feedback means are included for dynamically controlling the desired frequency so as to be at a frequency for optimum frequency conversion.

Abstract: Disclosed is a source of visible and ultraviolet radiation that provides a focused beam for performing chemical analysis of a test element having a biological fluid deposited thereon.