Abstract: There is provided a monolithic three dimensional array of charge storage devices which includes a plurality of device levels, wherein at least one surface between two successive device levels is planarized by chemical mechanical polishing.

Abstract: Leakage of a liquid (e.g. a coolant and/or a lubricant) past a sleeve valve to a port in communication with a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine can be prevented by use of a substantially ring-shaped seal, which can be carried on the sleeve valve or disposed on a stationary part of the internal combustion engine.

Abstract: Various types of valve systems are disclosed herein. In one embodiment, a positive control reciprocating sleeve valve system for use with an internal combustion engine includes opening and closing rockers controlled by corresponding opening and closing cam lobes. In one aspect of this embodiment, interference can be designed into the valve control system to provide additional “hold-closed” force to hold the valve against its seat during a portion of the engine cycle. In another aspect of this embodiment, positive control valve systems can include compliant components and systems, hydraulic systems, pneumatic systems, and/or mechanical spring systems to control valve lash, facilitate sealing, etc.

Abstract: A sleeve valve assembly. The assembly includes a valve seat, a sleeve valve and an oil path-defining piece. The sleeve valve includes a distal end with a cavity. The distal end contacts the valve seat when the sleeve valve is located in a closed position. The oil path-defining piece includes an inlet port, an outlet port and a plurality of cooling passages. The flange of the sleeve valve is slidably in contact with the oil path-defining piece such that cooling fluid travelling into the inlet port and through the cooling passages enters into the cavity before exiting out the exit port.

Abstract: A pillar-shaped memory cell is provided that includes a steering element, and a non-volatile state change element coupled in series with the steering element. Other aspects are also provided.

Abstract: A catalyst associated with an internal combustion engine can be heated to improve emissions performance of the engine. Hydrogen can be generated within the internal combustion engine by combusting a first combustion mixture having a first air-fuel ratio including excess fuel relative to a stoichiometric air-fuel ratio, such that a reforming reaction occurs during the combusting of the first combustion mixture. A second combustion mixture having a second air-fuel ratio including excess oxygen can be combusted within the internal combustion engine such that oxygen remains in second exhaust gases after the combusting of the second combustion mixture. The first exhaust gases and the second exhaust gases can be delivered to the catalyst and the catalyst is heated by reacting at least some of the hydrogen and at least some of the oxygen at the catalyst. Internal combustion engines, systems, vehicles engine management systems, and method are disclosed.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine can be operated in response to a received first throttle control input in a first operating regime that includes delivering a first air-fuel mixture having a first air/fuel ratio to a combustion volume to deliver a first output power in a first output power range between zero and a transition output power level. The engine can be operated in response to a received second throttle control input in a second operating regime that includes delivering a second air/fuel ratio richer than the first air/fuel ratio to the combustion volume to deliver a second output power in a second output power range between the transition output power level and a maximum output power level. Related methods, systems, and article of manufacture are described.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine is provided. Facing pistons eliminate a cylinder head, thereby reducing heat losses through a cylinder head. Facing pistons also halve the stroke that would be required for one piston to provide the same compression ratio, and the engine can thus be run at higher revolutions per minute and produce more power. An internal sleeve valve is provided for space and other considerations. A combustion chamber size-varying mechanism allows for adjustment of the minimum size of an internal volume to increase efficiency at partial-power operation. Variable intake valve operation is used to control engine power.

Abstract: There is provided a monolithic three dimensional array of charge storage devices which includes a plurality of device levels, wherein at least one surface between two successive device levels is planarized by chemical mechanical polishing.

Abstract: There is provided a monolithic three dimensional array of charge storage devices which includes a plurality of device levels, wherein at least one surface between two successive device levels is planarized by chemical mechanical polishing.

Abstract: A three-dimensional memory is provided that includes a first memory level and a second memory level monolithically formed above the first memory level. The first memory level includes a first steering element coupled in series with and vertically stacked above or below a first non-volatile state change element. The second memory level includes a second steering element coupled in series with and vertically stacked above or below a second non-volatile state change element. Other aspects are also provided.

Abstract: There is provided a monolithic three dimensional array of charge storage devices which includes a plurality of device levels, wherein at least one surface between two successive device levels is planarized by chemical mechanical polishing.

Abstract: There is provided a monolithic three dimensional array of charge storage devices which includes a plurality of device levels, wherein at least one surface between two successive device levels is planarized by chemical mechanical polishing.

Abstract: A cam can rotate on a camshaft of an internal combustion engine. A rocker arm that actuates a valve of the internal combustion engine can include a rocker pivot connection point located on a distal side of a valve component from a proximate end of the rocker arm that is deflected by action of the cam. The rocker arm can include a contact point located between the rocker pivot point and the proximate end. The contact point can act on the valve component to actuate the valve. The rocker pivot connection point can be translated such that it is closer to or further from the cam. This translation can be used to vary valve lift and/or valve timing. The cam can have a three-dimensional profile to provide different actuation distance of the rocker arm. Systems, methods, and articles of manufacture consistent with one or more of these features are described.

Abstract: Features relating to engine efficiency and emissions controls are described. Systems, methods, articles or manufacture and the like can include features relating to integrated muffler and emissions controls for engine exhaust, water-injected internal combustion engine with an asymmetric compression and expansion ratio, controlled combustion durations for HCCI engines, piston shrouding of sleeve valves, low element count bearings, improved ports, and premixing of fuel and exhaust.

Abstract: A die is formed with different and optimized critical dimensions in different device levels and areas of those device levels using photolithography and etch techniques. One aspect of the invention provides for a memory array formed above a substrate, with driver circuitry formed in the substrate. A level of the memory array consists of, for example, parallel rails and a fan-out region. It is desirable to maximize density of the rails and minimize cost of lithography for the entire memory array. This can be achieved by forming the rails at a tighter pitch than the CMOS circuitry beneath it, allowing cheaper lithography tools to be used when forming the CMOS, and similarly by optimizing lithography and etch techniques for a device level to produce a tight pitch in the rails, and a more relaxed pitch in the less-critical fan-out region.

Abstract: Fuel efficiency of small carbureted engines can be improved through the use of a fuel shut off valve that ceases fuel flow in the carburetor upon determination that the engine throttle has been closed and the engine is not at or near an idle condition.

Abstract: An opposed piston internal combustion engine can include two opposed pistons (104, 110) moving reciprocally along respective axes of translation (202, 204) that are not collinear. First and second cylinder bores (502, 504) can be inclined to each other at an included angle (a). A combustion volume or chamber (114) can optionally be defined at least in part by crowns (102, 106) of the first and second pistons (104, 110) reciprocating in the first and second cylinder bores (502, 504), respectively. Related methods, systems, and articles of manufacture are described.

Abstract: A gear or gear assembly, for example for use in a gear train or other drive system relating to an engine such as an internal combustion engine, can be matched to the thermal expansion other engine components, such as for example a support structure for gear shafts on which gears of the gear train rotate, while maintaining structural strength in the teeth and other contact surfaces of the gear.

Abstract: A sleeve valve assembly. The assembly includes a valve seat, a sleeve valve and an oil path-defining piece. The sleeve valve includes a distal end with a cavity. The distal end contacts the valve seat when the sleeve valve is located in a closed position. The oil path-defining piece includes an inlet port, an outlet port and a plurality of cooling passages. The flange of the sleeve valve is slidably in contact with the oil path-defining piece such that cooling fluid travelling into the inlet port and through the cooling passages enters into the cavity before exiting out the exit port.