Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel carboxypeptidase gene and the polypeptide encoded thereby. In particular, the present invention relates to the use of the present carboxypeptidase and polypeptide in the manufacture of cocoa flavor and/or chocolate.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to novel aspartic endoproteinases from Th. cacao which are involved in the production of cocoa flavor and DNA sequences coding for them. These enzymes are advantageously used in the manufacture of cocoa flavor.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel carboxypeptidase gene and the polypeptide encoded thereby. In particular, the present invention relates to the use of the present carboxypeptidase and polypeptide in the manufacture of cocoa flavor and/or chocolate.

Abstract: The present invention provides BRACE inhibitors of Formula (I): methods for their use, and intermediates and methods for their preparation.

Abstract: The present invention provides BACE inhibitors of Formula (I); methods for their use and preparation, and intermediates useful for their preparation.

Abstract: Desulfation methods for an exhaust treatment system having a fuel reformer configured upstream of a LNT. Reductant is injected upstream of the fuel reformer. The reductant reacts within the reformer to generate heat, but the system is configured for some reductant to breakthrough and react in the LNT to generate further heat. This configuration allows the LNT to operate at temperatures higher the than first device and facilitates independent control of the LNT and first device temperatures. An outer loop controls the LNT temperature by issuing instructions to an inner loop that controls the reformer. Typically, the inner loop will pulse the reductant injection rate in order to limit the reformer temperature. The outer loop can pulses the loop on a longer time scale, resulting in two pulse periods. Through timing, a reformate peak from one period is made to overlap a temperature peak from a previous period.

Abstract: An exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) system for use in a four-stroke, internal combustion, compression-ignition engine having at least one engine cylinder, at east one combustion chamber, at least one intake valve and a crankshaft. The EGR system includes at least one exhaust gas intake valve that is opened during at least a portion of an engine intake stroke when the exhaust gas pressure is greater than the pressure of gas in the combustion chamber, thus allowing exhaust gas to flow into the combustion chamber to establish internal EGR. A cam-operated intake rocker arm assembly has the form of both a first class lever and a second class lever. The first class lever directly communicates motion of the intake rocker arm assembly to open the intake valve, and the second class lever communicates motion of the intake rocker arm assembly through a hydraulic transfer assembly to open the exhaust gas intake valve.

Abstract: In an exhaust aftertreatment system comprising a NOx adsorber-catalyst followed by an SCR catalyst, means are provided for preventing the SCR catalyst from becoming heated to near the same peak temperatures as the NOx adsorber-catalyst during desulfation. In one embodiment, the means is a thermal mass between the NOx adsorber-catalyst and the SCR catalyst. In another embodiment, the means is a valve configured to selectively divert exhaust leaving the NOx adsorber-catalyst from the SCR catalyst. In a method of the invention, the NOx adsorber-catalyst temperature is cycled during desulfation. The peaks of the cycles are within an appropriate temperature range for desulfating the NOx adsorber-catalyst, but the average temperature is below the temperature range at which the SCR catalyst is damaged. The temperature peaks are damped as they travel from the NOx adsorber-catalyst to the SCR, whereby the SCR experiences much lower peak temperatures than the NOx adsorber-catalyst.

Abstract: A power generation system having a fuel reformer positioned inline with an engine exhaust stream. A transmission controller selects torque ratios and thereby operating points for the engine in order to facilitate start-up or operation of the fuel reformer. In one embodiment, the controller selects operating points to heat the exhaust and thus the reformer prior to starting the reformer. In another embodiment, the controller selects operating points to reduce or limit the oxygen concentration in the exhaust during denitration or desulfation of a LNT. In a further embodiment, the controller selects operating points to reduce a fuel penalty for a regeneration. The fuel penalty includes at least a contribution associated with consuming excess oxygen in the exhaust.

Abstract: One or more parameters for denitration or desulfations of a LNT is varied, whereby the saturation of NOx and/or SOx in the LNT is reduced to a lower level when an operating state makes the LNT otherwise less effective or places a greater demand for conversion efficiency on the LNT. The operating state can relate to whether the LNT is at the limit of its effective operating temperature range, a degree of poisoning, or an engine operating state. Selectively tolerating high degrees of sulfur poisoning or NOx saturation during periods of low exhaust flow allows the efficiency of denitrations and/or desulfations to be increased over a large portion of a vehicle's operating cycle, particularly when the engine uses a CVT. Another concept relates to a power generation system comprising an engine tuned to efficiently operate in a narrow speed range for all levels of power output.

Abstract: A power generation system comprising a LNT for exhaust aftertreatment. The LNT has an effective operating temperature range. When the LNT is near a limit of its effective operating temperature range, the transmission is used to select operating points that increase the LNT's effectiveness. Generally, these operating points reduce the exhaust flow rate, although other factors such as the exhaust temperature may also be taken into account in selecting the operating points. Preferably, the LNT's effective operating temperature-range includes exhaust temperatures produced by the engine at its point of peak power output, whereby the LNT does not approach the limits of its effective operating temperature range except when the engine is at less than peak power. At lower power levels, it is generally possible to select operating points that provide lower exhaust flow rates than the flow rate occurring at the peak power level.

Abstract: A power generation system comprises a diesel engine and a fuel reformer configured to receive the engine exhaust. Two or more separate LNT bricks are configured in a parallel valveless arrangement wherein each simultaneously receives a separate portion of the exhaust leaving the fuel reformer. The LNTs are each adapted and configured to simultaneously store NOx when the exhaust from the fuel reformer is lean and to simultaneously reduce stored NOx and regenerate when the exhaust from the fuel reformer contains reformate. This parallel multi-brick arrangement reduces the effective length to width ratio of the LNTs as a group without the packaging difficulties associated with a single LNT having an equivalently reduced length to width ratio. Axial temperature gradients that develop in the LNTs during desulfation are thereby mitigated.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel carboxypeptidase gene and the polypeptide encoded thereby. In particular, the present invention relates to the use of the present carboxypeptidase and polypeptide in the manufacture of cocoa flavor and/or chocolate.

Abstract: The present invention relates to isolated polynucleotides encoding cysteine proteinases; cysteine proteinase inhibitors; and aspartic endoproteinases. The invention also relates to a transformed host cell, preferably a plant cell, in which over- or under-expression of these polynucleotides result in altered levels of coffee flavour precursor levels, specifically, amino group-containing molecules such as amino acids, peptides and proteins, in green coffee grains.

Abstract: In an exhaust aftertreatment system comprising a NOx adsorber-catalyst followed by an SCR catalyst, means are provided for preventing the SCR catalyst from becoming heated to near the same peak temperatures as the NOx adsorber-catalyst during desulfation. In one embodiment, the means is a thermal mass between the NOx adsorber-catalyst and the SCR catalyst. In another embodiment, the means is a valve configured to selectively divert exhaust leaving the NOx adsorber-catalyst from the SCR catalyst. In a method of the invention, the NOx adsorber-catalyst temperature is cycled during desulfation. The peaks of the cycles are within an appropriate temperature range for desulfating the NOx adsorber-catalyst, but the average temperature is below the temperature range at which the SCR catalyst is damaged. The temperature peaks are damped as they travel from the NOx adsorber-catalyst to the SCR, whereby the SCR experiences much lower peak temperatures than the NOx adsorber-catalyst.

Abstract: Partial denitrations are made practical by an SCR catalyst placed downstream of a NOx adsorber. The SCR catalyst permits partial denitrations to be extended to where a favorable fuel penalty rate presented by driving conditions can be utilized to a sufficient extent that the benefit of the favorable conditions is not offset by the increased start-up fuel penalty associated with conducting opportunistic partial denitrations. Regenerations, including both denitration and desulfations, can be initiated selectively based on a fuel penalty calculation. Examples of such calculations lead to methods in which opportunistic regenerations are based on low oxygen concentrations, condition existing while shifting gears, and throttling events for a diesel engine with a throttled air supply. The methods flexibly take advantage of driving conditions to reduce fuel penalties associated with regenerations. In one embodiment, driving conditions include future conditions predicted based on GPS and map data.

Abstract: This invention concerns compounds of formula including the stereoisomers and the pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt forms thereof, wherein R1 is NR4R5 or OR5; R2 is C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxy or C1-6alkylthio; R3 is hydrogen, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkylsulfonyl, C1-6alkylsulfoxy or C1-6alkylthio; R4 is hydrogen, C1-6alkyl, mono- or di(C3-6cycloalkyl)methyl, C3-6cycloalkyl, C3-6alkenyl, hydroxyC1-6alkyl, C1-6alkylcarbonyloxyC1-6alkyl or C1-6alkyloxyC1-6alkyl; R5 is C1-8alkyl, mono- or di(C3-6cycloalkyl)methyl, Ar1CH2, C1-6alkyloxyC1-6alkyl, hydroxyC1-6alkyl, C3-6alkenyl, thienylmethyl, furanylmethyl, C1-6alkylthioC1-6alkyl, morpholinyl, mono- or di(C1-6alkyl)aminoC1-6alkyl, di(C1-6alkyl)amino, C1-6alkylcarbonylC1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyl substituted with imidazolyl; or a radical of formula -Alk-O—CO—Ar1; or R4 and R5 taken together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached may form an optionally substituted pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, homopiperidinyl or morpholinyl group; having CRF receptor antagonisti

Abstract: A method of processing a purchase card transaction includes receiving a transaction request at a host computer system from a point-of-sale device of a first merchant. The transaction request comprises transaction details relating to a purchase from the first merchant using a private label purchase card relating to a second merchant and an issuer. The first merchant and the second merchant are different merchants. The transaction details comprise at least an identifier relating to the first merchant, an amount, and an account identifier relating to the private label purchase card. The method further includes evaluating at least a portion of the account identifier, recognizing that the account identifier relates to the issuer, routing at least a portion of the transaction request to the issuer, and facilitating a payment from the issuer to the first merchant.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to recombinant genes coding for oleosin proteins in cacao and to polypeptides encoded by said genes. In particular, the present invention relates to the use of such genes and gene products for the manufacture of emulsifiers, encapsulating agents, and flavor components useful in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries.

Abstract: A multistage sealed pump is provided for use in an X-ray tube cooling system which is substantially more efficient than pumps of known construction and which provides substantially higher pumping pressure at lower motor current than conventionally. Cooling liquid can be transferred from stage to stage by interconnecting tubing external of the housing or within the housing, through a hollow motor shaft, or through the motor casing. In another embodiment, the multiple impellers can be directly mounted on a shaft extending from a single end of the motor.