Abstract: A lubrication system for an internal combustion engine includes a fluid flow control device at an outlet side of the pump that regulates pressure conditions at the outlet side of the pump upstream of the lubrication circuit in the engine. The fluid flow control device is located in a recirculation path, and opens in response to a fluid pressure at the outlet of the pump exceeding a first threshold to allow the fluid to pass from the outlet side of the pump back to an inlet side of the pump. The recirculation path includes a tuning device that maintains the fluid pressure at engine speeds above the first threshold. In response to engine speeds above a second threshold, the tuning device restricts fluid flow in the recirculation path so that the fluid pressure in the fluid flow path increases.

Abstract: Embodiments of the disclosure include swellable smart gel sealants and methods of using smart gel sealants. In certain embodiments, the smart gel sealants reversibly swell when exposed to a certain trigger, such as carbonic acid and/or sulfuric acid. In specific embodiments, the smart gel is comprised within a cement composition.

Abstract: Spark plugs are disclosed that include electrode arrangements to improve the charge flow into and out of the annular volume around the insulator nose and a pre-chamber volume of a pre-chamber device, thus directing a purge of exhaust gases trapped in the annular volume to a space formed by the exterior of the spark plug body and the interior of the pre-chamber device.

Abstract: A cooling system of an internal combustion engine system includes an engine cooling circuit for defining a flow path and direction for engine coolant fluid flowing through the internal combustion engine system. The cooling system also includes a heat exchanger assembly positioned along the engine cooling circuit. The heat exchanger assembly is structured to transfer heat from the engine coolant fluid to a working fluid and includes a shell defining an inner cavity, a core disposed within the inner cavity and structured to receive the working fluid, and a main flow path and a bypass flow path of the engine coolant fluid, the core comprising a baffle in the bypass flow path, the baffle including: a base portion coupled to an end of the core and a curved portion extending from the base portion such that the curved portion impedes a bypass flow of engine coolant fluid from continuing along the bypass flow path.

Abstract: A single-handed toilet paper dispenser that provides two spool pins that snugly engage the inner circumferential walls of the lumen of a toilet roll, one spool pin at each end thereof. The snug engagement provides a preselected frictional force between the portions of the inner circumferential walls engaging the spool pins so that a user may pull on the distal end of the toilet paper roll and rotate the entire roll to its end, yet if the same user tugs at the same location with more force, one or more toilet paper sheets tear off at an upstream perforation.

Abstract: A combustion pre-chamber assembly includes pre-chamber device body defining an annular plenum that is in fluid communication with the at least one bore that extends through the spark plug shell. The annular plenum is also in communication with at least one purging passage that extends from the annular plenum to an end surface of the pre-chamber device body. Residual exhaust gases in the annular volume of the spark plug are purged by fresh charge flow from the main combustion chamber as the piston approaches top dead center. The fresh charge flow that is provided to the annular plenum through the at least one purging passage and into the annular volume of the spark plug through the at least one bore through the spark plug shell.

Abstract: Embodiments of the disclosure include swellable smart gel sealants and methods of using smart gel sealants. In certain embodiments, the smart gel sealants reversibly swell when exposed to a certain trigger, such as carbonic acid and/or sulfuric acid. In specific embodiments, the smart gel is comprised within a cement composition.

Abstract: A combustion pre-chamber device for a spark ignition internal combustion engine is configured to engage a spark plug and be mounted to a cylinder head in communication with a combustion chamber of a cylinder of the engine. The combustion pre-chamber device includes any one or combination of a number of features to improve operating effectiveness, including extending the combustion operating range by improving cooling and optimizing the flow field inside the combustion pre-chamber device.

Abstract: Spark plugs are disclosed that include electrode arrangements to improve the charge flow into and out of the annular volume around the insulator nose and a pre-chamber volume of a pre-chamber device, thus directing a purge of exhaust gases trapped in the annular volume to a space formed by the exterior of the spark plug body and the interior of the pre-chamber device.

Abstract: A spark plug is disclosed that includes at least one bore extending through a shell of the spark plug in order to form a passageway between an annular volume around the spark plug insulator nose and a pre-chamber volume of a pre-chamber device, thus directing a purge of exhaust gases trapped in the annular volume to a space formed by the exterior of the spark plug body and the interior of the pre-chamber device.

Abstract: A combustion pre-chamber device for a spark ignition internal combustion engine is configured to engage a spark plug and be mounted to a cylinder head in communication with a combustion chamber of a cylinder of the engine. The combustion pre-chamber device includes any one or combination of a number of features to improve operating effectiveness, including extending the combustion operating range by improving cooling and optimizing the flow field inside the combustion pre-chamber device.

Abstract: A combustion pre-chamber assembly includes pre-chamber device body defining an annular plenum that is in fluid communication with the at least one bore that extends through the spark plug shell. The annular plenum is also in communication with at least one purging passage that extends from the annular plenum to an end surface of the pre-chamber device body. Residual exhaust gases in the annular volume of the spark plug are purged by fresh charge flow from the main combustion chamber as the piston approaches top dead center. The fresh charge flow that is provided to the annular plenum through the at least one purging passage and into the annular volume of the spark plug through the at least one bore through the spark plug shell.

Abstract: A spark plug is disclosed that includes at least one bore extending through a shell of the spark plug in order to form a passageway between an annular volume around the spark plug insulator nose and a pre-chamber volume of a pre-chamber device, thus directing a purge of exhaust gases trapped in the annular volume to a space formed by the exterior of the spark plug body and the interior of the pre-chamber device.

Abstract: A system delay factor associated with a segment file of a streaming media product is determined. A file transfer delay factor associated with the segment file of the streaming media product is also determined. A media delivery composite is determined for the segment file of the streaming media product based upon, at least in part, the system delay factor associated with the segment file and the file transfer delay factor associated with the segment file.

Abstract: A system delay factor associated with a segment file of a streaming media product is determined. A file transfer delay factor associated with the segment file of the streaming media product is also determined. A media delivery composite is determined for the segment file of the streaming media product based upon, at least in part, the system delay factor associated with the segment file and the file transfer delay factor associated with the segment file.

Abstract: A system delay factor associated with a segment file of a streaming media product is determined. A file transfer delay factor associated with the segment file of the streaming media product is also determined. A media delivery composite is determined for the segment file of the streaming media product based upon, at least in part, the system delay factor associated with the segment file and the file transfer delay factor associated with the segment file.

Abstract: The proposed innovation provides methods and systems for measuring the interpupillary distance. The proposed innovation provides a fitting pad (102) having two detection points (104 and 106). The fitting pad is placed on the forehead of the user and an image is captured. The image is uploaded and pupil distance calculator software locates the fitting detection points and calculates the distance in pixels of the left and right X, Y coordinates. The software creates an image scale by dividing the pixel counts between the detection points. The software automatically locates the X, Y coordinates between the center of the left and right pupils and calculates the distance in pixels. The resulting pixel distance divided by the image scale provides the interpupillary distance in millimeter. In embodiments, segment height is calculated based upon an image imported by the user and the combined scaled images of the user and the frame.

Abstract: A chemical mechanical polishing process including a single copper removal CMP slurry formulation for planarization of a microelectronic device structure preferably having copper deposited thereon. The process includes the bulk removal of a copper layer using a first CMP slurry formulation having oxidizing agent, passivating agent, abrasive and solvent, and the soft polishing and over-polishing of the microelectronic device structure using a formulation including the first CMP slurry formulation and at least one additional additive. The CMP process described herein provides a high copper removal rate, a comparatively low barrier material removal rate, appropriate material selectivity ranges to minimize copper dishing at the onset of barrier material exposure, and good planarization efficiency.

Abstract: A gas detector and process for detecting a fluorine-containing species in a gas containing same, e.g., an effluent of a semiconductor processing tool undergoing etch cleaning with HF, NF3, etc. The detector in a preferred structural arrangement employs a microelectromechanical system (MEMS)-based device structure and/or a free-standing metal element that functions as a sensing component and optionally as a heat source when elevated temperature sensing is required. The free-standing metal element can be fabricated directly onto a standard chip carrier/device package so that the package becomes a platform of the detector.

Abstract: A system delay factor associated with a segment file of a streaming media product is determined. A file transfer delay factor associated with the segment file of the streaming media product is also determined. A media delivery composite is determined for the segment file of the streaming media product based upon, at least in part, the system delay factor associated with the segment file and the file transfer delay factor associated with the segment file.