Abstract: Ethylene glycol is prepared from a carbohydrate source in a process, wherein hydrogen, the carbohydrate source, a liquid diluent and a catalyst system are introduced as reactants into a reaction zone; wherein the catalyst system comprises a tungsten compound and ruthenium as hydrogenolysis metal and further at least one promoter metal, selected from transition and post-transition metals; wherein the carbohydrate source is reacted with hydrogen in the presence of the catalyst system to yield a product mixture comprising ethylene glycol and butylene glycol. Butylene glycol may selectively be removed from the product mixture by azeotropic distillation using an entraining agent.

Abstract: Ethylene glycol is prepared from a carbohydrate source in a process, wherein hydrogen, the carbohydrate source, a liquid diluent and a catalyst system are provided as reactants into a reaction zone; wherein the catalyst system comprises a tungsten compound and at least one hydrogenolysis metal selected from the noble metals Pd, Pt, Ru, Rh, Ir and combinations thereof; wherein the carbohydrate source is introduced into the reaction zone such that in the reaction zone the concentration of the carbohydrate source in the diluent is at least 4% wt, calculated as weight of carbohydrate source per weight of diluent; wherein the amount of the at least one hydrogenolysis metal selected from the noble metals Pd, Pt, Ru, Rh, Ir and combinations thereof ranges from 0.2 to 1.

Abstract: A benzene compound is prepared by reacting a furan compound to produce an unsaturated bicyclic ether having an unsaturated carbon-carbon bond; hydrogenating the unsaturated carbon-carbon bond in the unsaturated bicyclic ether to produce a saturated bicyclic ether; and dehydrating and aromatizing the saturated bicyclic ether to produce the benzene compound.

Abstract: Psicose is converted into 5-hydroxymethylfurfural or an alkyl ether thereof in a process for the catalysed conversion of psicose, including the steps of: a. forming a feed including psicose and water or at least one alkanol or a mixture thereof and b. converting the psicose in the feed at a temperature in the range of 50 to 300 degrees Celsius in the presence of a catalyst.

Abstract: Composition including a first component, including furfuryl alcohol and humins and a second component including an acidic polymerization initiator. The composition can be oligomerized to a resin, which has a viscosity in the range of 0.1 to 10,000 Pa·s at 25° C., determined according to ISO3219. The resin, or a blend of furfuryl alcohol and humins as a component A and an acidic polymerization initiator as a component B, separated from each other, may form a kit for an adhesive or impregnation agent.

Abstract: In a process for carrying out a reaction, a liquid reaction mixture is contacted with a catalyst that includes silica and/or a silicate, in which process a silicon compound that is soluble in the liquid reaction mixture is added to the reaction mixture before being contacted with the catalyst. The aqueous reaction mixture suitably contains water, an alcohol or a mixture thereof.

Abstract: In a process for carrying out a reaction, a liquid reaction mixture is contacted with a catalyst that includes silica and/or a silicate, in which process a silicon compound that is soluble in the liquid reaction mixture is added to the reaction mixture before being contacted with the catalyst. The aqueous reaction mixture suitably contains water, an alcohol or a mixture thereof.

Abstract: A process for the selective production of ethanol by vapor phase reaction of acetic acid over a hydrogenating catalyst composition to form ethanol is disclosed and claimed. In an embodiment of this invention reaction of acetic acid and hydrogen over either cobalt and palladium supported on graphite or cobalt and platinum supported on silica selectively produces ethanol in a vapor phase at a temperature of about 250° C.

Abstract: A process for the selective production of ethanol by vapor phase reaction of acetic acid over a hydrogenating catalyst composition to form ethanol is disclosed and claimed. In an embodiment of this invention reaction of acetic acid and hydrogen over either cobalt and palladium supported on graphite or cobalt and platinum supported on silica selectively produces ethanol in a vapor phase at a temperature of about 250° C.

Abstract: A process for the selective production of vinyl ester by the reaction of a carboxylic acid with acetylene with a homogeneous catalyst is disclosed and claimed. In one aspect, esters of neoacids are provided.

Abstract: A process for the selective production of ethanol by vapor phase reaction of acetic acid over a hydrogenating catalyst composition to form ethanol is disclosed and claimed. In an embodiment of this invention reaction of acetic acid and hydrogen over either cobalt and palladium supported on graphite or cobalt and platinum supported on silica selectively produces ethanol in a vapor phase at a temperature of about 250° C.

Abstract: A process for the selective production of acetaldehyde by vapor phase reaction of acetic acid over a hydrogenating catalyst composition to form acetaldehyde is disclosed and claimed. In an embodiment of this invention reaction of acetic acid and hydrogen over platinum and iron supported on silica selectively produces acetaldehyde in a vapor phase at a temperature of about 300° C.

Abstract: A process for the selective and direct formation of ethanol from acetic acid comprising contacting a feed stream containing acetic acid and hydrogen in vapor form at an elevated temperature with a hydrogenation catalyst comprising cobalt and one or more metals selected from the group consisting of palladium, platinum, rhodium, ruthenium, rhenium, iridium, chromium, copper, tin, molybdenum, tungsten, vanadium, zinc and iron on a catalyst support.

Abstract: A process for the selective and direct formation of ethanol from acetic acid comprising contacting a feed stream containing acetic acid and hydrogen in vapor form at an elevated temperature with a hydrogenation catalyst comprising molybdenum carbide and one or more promoter metals selected from the group consisting of copper, iron, cobalt, nickel, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, osmium, iridium, platinum, titanium, zinc, chromium, rhenium, potassium, tin and tungsten on a catalyst support.

Abstract: A process for the selective production of acetaldehyde by vapor phase reaction of acetic acid over a hydrogenating catalyst composition to form acetaldehyde is disclosed and claimed. In an embodiment of this invention reaction of acetic acid and hydrogen over platinum and iron supported on silica selectively produces acetaldehyde in a vapor phase at a temperature of about 300° C.

Abstract: A process for the selective and direct formation of ethanol from acetic acid comprising contacting a feed stream containing acetic acid and hydrogen in vapor form at an elevated temperature with a hydrogenation catalyst comprising molybdenum carbide and one or more promoter metals selected from the group consisting of copper, iron, cobalt, nickel, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, osmium, iridium, platinum, titanium, zinc, chromium, rhenium, potassium, tin and tungsten on a catalyst support

Abstract: A process for the selective production of vinyl ester by the reaction of a carboxylic acid with acetylene with a homogeneous catalyst is disclosed and claimed. In one aspect, esters of neoacids are provided.

Abstract: A process for the selective production of acetaldehyde by vapor phase reaction of acetic acid over a hydrogenating catalyst composition to form acetaldehyde is disclosed and claimed. In an embodiment of this invention reaction of acetic acid and hydrogen over platinum and iron supported on silica selectively produces acetaldehyde in a vapor phase at a temperature of about 300° C.

Abstract: A process for the selective production of vinyl ester by the reaction of a carboxylic acid with acetylene with a homogeneous catalyst is disclosed and claimed. In a preferred embodiment of this invention, reaction of benzoic acid and acetylene in the presence of Group VIII metal complex catalyst at a temperature of about 50 to 180° C. results in quantitative yields of vinyl benzoate.

Abstract: A process for the selective production of ethanol by vapor phase reaction of acetic acid over a hydrogenating catalyst composition to form ethanol is disclosed and claimed. In an embodiment of this invention reaction of acetic acid and hydrogen over either cobalt and palladium supported on graphite or cobalt and platinum supported on silica selectively produces ethanol in a vapor phase at a temperature of about 250° C.