Abstract: A thin film transistor array substrate is provided with a gate line assembly, a data line assembly, and thin film transistors. The data line assembly crosses over the gate line assembly while defining pixel regions. A pixel electrode is formed at each pixel region. A color filter substrate is provided with a black matrix, and color filters of red, green and blue are formed at the black matrix at the pixel regions. An overcoat layer covers the color filters, and a common electrode is formed on the overcoat layer with an opening pattern. The thin film transistor array substrate, and the color filter substrates face each other, and a liquid crystal material is injected between the thin film transistor array substrate, and the color filter substrate. The blue color filter has a thickness smaller than the red color filter or the green color filter such that the liquid crystal cell gap at the blue color filter is larger than the liquid crystal cell gap at the red or green color filter.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display (LCD) device for switching a display mode between wide and narrow viewing angle, and a method for fabricating the same, is presented. The LCD device has an LCD panel and a viewing angle control cell. The LCD panel has array and color filter substrates and a liquid crystal layer formed between the substrates. The viewing angle control cell contains a lower substrate that contacts the LCD panel and has a first electrode, an upper substrate having a second electrode, and a ferroelectric liquid crystal layer between the upper and lower substrates. The viewing angle control cell switches the LCD device between wide and narrow viewing angle modes when driven.

Abstract: A display device includes a backlight assembly, a display panel, a top chassis and a sealing member. The backlight assembly includes a light-generating unit, a receiving container receiving the light-generating unit and a mold frame disposed along an edge portion of the receiving container. The display panel is disposed on the mold frame. The top chassis is coupled to the receiving container, covers an edge portion of the display panel and fixes the display panel by. The sealing member is disposed between the mold frame and the top chassis to surround an end portion of the display panel, such as to fully seal a space between the end portion of the display panel and the mold frame. The sealing member has elasticity, insulating properties and adsorption capacity for foreign matter.

Abstract: A lamp socket includes a socket housing and a plurality of power supply members. The socket housing has a plurality of connecting holes extended in a vertical direction. The power supply members are disposed in the connecting holes, respectively, and each of the power supply members includes a plurality of lamp connecting parts and an inverter connecting part. The lamp connecting parts are protruded from an upper surface of the socket housing and include first and second portions facing each other. The inverter connecting part is integrally formed with the lamp connecting parts, and is protruded from a lower surface of the socket housing.

Abstract: A voltage adjustment circuit of a semiconductor memory apparatus includes a control voltage generating unit configured to distribute an external voltage for selectively outputting a plurality of distribution voltages as a control voltage in response to a control signal, the plurality of the distribution voltages each have different voltage levels, a comparing unit configured to include a voltage supply unit configured to control an external voltage supplied to a first node and a second node if a level of an output voltage is higher than a level of a reference voltage in response to a level of the control voltage, and a detection signal generating unit configured to drop potential levels of the first and second nodes according to the levels of the output voltage and the reference voltage, and to output the potential level of the second node as a detection signal, and a voltage generating unit configured to drive the external voltage according to a potential level of the detection signal and to output the exter

Abstract: An integrated circuit package system including: providing a leadframe with an integrated circuit mounted thereover; encapsulating the integrated circuit with an encapsulation; mounting an etch barrier below the leadframe; and etching the leadframe.

Abstract: A shift register includes a plurality of stages for sequentially outputting scan pulses to drive a plurality of gate lines, wherein each of the stages includes a set node, a pull-up switching device for outputting a corresponding scan pulse according to a logic state of the set node, at least two reset nodes, at least two pull-down switching devices, each of the pull-down switching devices being connected to a corresponding reset node to output an off voltage according to a voltage level of the corresponding reset node, and a node controller for controlling logic states of the nodes of a corresponding stage and logic states of the nodes of stages different from the corresponding stage together, wherein the node controllers of the stages control an output order of the scan pulses from the stages according to a forward voltage and reverse voltage having opposite phases.

Abstract: In a method for fabricating a nitride-based compound layer, first, a GaN substrate is prepared. A mask layer with a predetermined pattern is formed on the GaN substrate to expose a partial area of the GaN substrate. Then a buffer layer is formed on the partially exposed GaN substrate. The buffer layer is made of a material having a 10% or less lattice mismatch with GaN. Thereafter, the nitride-based compound is grown laterally from a top surface of the buffer layer toward a top surface of the mask layer and the nitride-based compound layer is vertically grown to a predetermined thickness. Also, the mask layer and the buffer layer are removed via wet-etching to separate the nitride-based compound layer from the GaN substrate.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a plurality of first driving signal driving units, and generates a first driving signal by driving an input signal, a plurality of second driving signal driving units, each of which drives an input signal and generates a second driving signal, a timing control unit that controls each of the first driving signal driving units such that a predetermined time difference is generated between an enable timing of the first driving signal and an enable timing of the second driving signal, a plurality of sense amplifier driving units, each of which generates a first driving level and a second driving level according to the first driving signal and the second driving signal, and a plurality of sense amplifiers that are provided for respective bit line pairs, and each include first type switching elements operating according to the first driving level and second type switching elements operating according to the second driving level.

Abstract: A thin film transistor panel includes a substrate, a gate line extending in a first direction on the substrate, a data line disposed on the substrate, the data line crossing the gate line with an insulation layer therebetween and extending in a second direction, a thin film transistor including a control terminal connected to the gate line, an input terminal connected to the data line, and an output terminal, a color filter disposed on the thin film transistor, the color filter having an opening corresponding to the output terminal of the thin film transistor, a light blocking member disposed in the opening of the color filter, the light blocking member exposing a first region of a first end portion of the output terminal of the thin film transistor and having an output terminal light blocking portion enclosing the circumference of the first region, and a pixel electrode disposed on the light blocking member and the color filter, the pixel electrode contacting the first region of the output terminal.

Abstract: Provided are a method and an apparatus for providing three-dimensional (3D) digital content by using a conventional system for providing two-dimensional (2D) digital content. The method includes generating an elementary stream (ES) regarding first data of 2D digital content, generating an ES regarding second data of 3D digital content, packetizing the ESs of the first data and the second data, and recording) the packetized second data and content information of the second data within header information of multiplexed stream of the packetized first data.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for use in eye registrations and examinations, some embodiments of the method including acquiring scan pattern scans; forming images from the scans; registering the images; generating a feature map from the scan pattern scans; identifying features on the feature map; and recording positional information of features.

Abstract: A controlling method of a washing machine is disclosed. A controlling method of a washing machine includes spinning to rotate a drum at a first speed to dehydrate the laundry, water draining to drain water from the drum, water supplying to supply water to a tub, while rotating the drum at a second speed for the laundry to be closely in contact with an inner circumferential surface of the drum, and penetration rinsing while rotating the drum at the second speed or at a third speed to rinse the laundry. According to the controlling method, a time taken to perform a rinsing cycle may be reduced. Furthermore, rinsing efficiency may be improved together with the reduced time of the rinsing cycle.

Abstract: In an ohmic layer and methods of forming the ohmic layer, a gate structure including the ohmic layer and a metal wiring having the ohmic layer, the ohmic layer is formed using tungsten silicide that includes tungsten and silicon with an atomic ratio within a range of about 1:5 to about 1:15. The tungsten silicide may be obtained in a chamber using a reaction gas including a tungsten source gas and a silicon source gas by a partial pressure ratio within a range of about 1.0:25.0 to about 1.0:160.0. The reaction gas may have a partial pressure within a range of about 2.05 percent to about 30.0 percent of a total internal pressure of the chamber. When the ohmic layer is employed for a conductive structure, such as a gate structure or a metal wiring, the conductive structure may have a reduced resistance.

Abstract: A camera module, a method of manufacturing the same, and an electronic system having the same are provided. The camera module includes an image sensor chip having an active plane and a backside, a ground wiring extending from a sidewall of the image sensor chip to the backside, a lens structure having a light detector with at least one lens stacked on the active plane, and a conductive housing extending to the ground wiring along with an outer wall of the lens structure excluding the light detector.

Abstract: Provided are a method and apparatus for extracting text from an Internet mail attachment file. The apparatus includes a mail display unit for displaying Internet mail and an attachment file received from outside, an attachment file storage for storing the attachment file, a text extraction engine for extracting a text code included in the attachment file, and an attachment file text extractor for extracting text included in the attachment file using the text extraction engine.

Abstract: A virtual machine management system, the system including: at least one virtual machine to request a processor to drive a software application or component, and a virtual machine monitor to determine whether allocating the requested processor is possible, to create a waiting list if the allocating of the requested processor is determined to not be possible, and to allocate an obtained processor according to the waiting list. Accordingly, the processor is dynamically allocated and the processor resources are efficiently utilized.

Abstract: A fuel cartridge and a fuel cell power generation system equipped with the fuel cartridge are disclosed. The fuel cartridge can include a hydrogen generation part, which generates hydrogen by reacting with an electrolyte solution, a liquid-gas separation membrane, which surrounds the hydrogen generation part and separates the generated hydrogen from the electrolyte solution and discharges the hydrogen to the outside, and a cap, which opens and closes the liquid-gas separation membrane. The fuel cartridge of the present invention can reduce an effect of electrolyte solution flowing backwards and generate hydrogen more efficiently by minimizing the loss of electrolyte solution.

Abstract: Various approaches for generating an implementation of an electronic circuit design are disclosed. In one approach, one or more configuration bits that have don't care conditions are identified for a LUT block of a design. A dynamic power state for a subset of a first level of logic devices in the LUT block is determined as a function of each identified configuration bit that has a don't care condition. A dynamic power state for a subset of a second level of logic devices is determined as a function of the determined power state for the first level of logic devices. A respective value for each identified configuration bit of the LUT is selected in response to the determined dynamic power states. The respective value is placed into the design for each identified configuration bit.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for transmitting/receiving channel quality information (CQI) in a communication system having a frame including subchannels corresponding to the same frequency reuse factor or different frequency reuse factors. A base station (BS) allocates at least one of the subchannels in the frame to a subscriber station (SS), and sends a transmission request for a CQI for a subchannel desired to be received, to the SS. The SS measures channel quality for individual subchannels requested by the BS in response to the CQI request, and transmits the measured channel quality to the BS.