Abstract: A system for heating or cooling a fuel cell circuit includes a fuel cell stack designed to receive a fluid. The system also includes a temperature sensor to detect a fluid temperature of the fluid, an actuator to increase or decrease the fluid temperature, and an electronic control unit (ECU). The ECU is designed to receive a target fuel cell temperature corresponding to the fuel cell stack and based on a power request, to determine a temperature rate of change corresponding to a desired rate of temperature change of a current fuel cell temperature of the fuel cell stack to achieve the target fuel cell temperature based on the target fuel cell temperature, and to control the actuator to increase or decrease the fluid temperature based on the temperature rate of change to cause the current fuel cell temperature to increase or decrease to the target fuel cell temperature.

Abstract: A system includes a compressor to pump a gas at a compressor flow rate, and a fuel cell stack that receives the gas. The system also includes a memory to store a compressor flow map corresponding to a desirable progression shape of the compressor flow rate from a starting compressor flow rate to a target compressor flow rate over a period of time. The system also includes an ECU to determine or receive a control signal corresponding to a final target compressor flow rate and to determine the starting compressor flow rate. The ECU also determines an intermediate target compressor flow rate using the compressor flow map based on the final target compressor flow rate, the starting compressor flow rate, and an amount of time since determining or receiving the control signal, and controls the compressor based on the intermediate target compressor flow rate.

Abstract: A system includes an input device that receives desirable performance characteristics of a vehicle a diagnostic processor that receives vehicle test data, and determines undesirable vehicle performance data points by comparing the desirable vehicle performance characteristics to the test data. The diagnostic processor also determines undesirable system data points that correspond to likely causes of the undesirable vehicle performance data points by comparing the desirable system performance characteristics to the test data, and determines undesirable component data points that correspond to likely causes of the undesirable system data points by comparing the desirable component performance characteristics to the test data.

Abstract: A system for real-time modeling includes a compressor designed to operate at a compressor speed, a compressor flow rate, and a compressor pressure ratio. The system also includes a memory designed to store an operating condition matrix that plots multiple compressor pressure ratios to each of a plurality of compressor speeds, and a related operating state matrix that plots multiple compressor flow rates to each of the plurality of compressor speeds. The system also includes a compressor controller to determine a target compressor speed and a target compressor pressure ratio, and to identify a target location in the operating condition matrix based on the target compressor speed and the target compressor pressure ratio. The compressor controller also determines a target compressor flow rate by interpolating values in the operating state matrix based on the target location, and to control the compressor based on the target compressor flow rate.

Abstract: A system for determining desired control paths for controlling operation of a fuel cell circuit includes a memory to store a model of the fuel cell circuit and an input device to receive system requirements. The system also includes a model processor designed to select sets of time-series actuator states corresponding to time-series control of an actuator of the fuel cell circuit and to perform simulations of the model using the multiple sets of time-series actuator states as controls for the actuator. The model processor is also performs an analysis of results of the simulations to determine whether the results for each of the multiple sets of time-series actuator states satisfy the system requirements and how far the results are from the system requirements, and selects a final set of time-series actuator states that satisfy the system requirements based on the analysis.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and devices of a cooling system for controlling air or liquid flow. The fluid system includes one or more actuators that control the air or liquid flow. The fluid system includes multiple interconnecting pipes that transport the air or liquid flow. Each pipe may have a mass flow for the air or liquid flow. The fluid system includes an electronic control unit. The electronic control unit is configured to determine an initial mass flow of the air or liquid flow. The electronic control unit is configured to determine the mass flow for each pipe based on the initial mass flow. The electronic control unit is configured to predict a cooling capability of the air or liquid flow within each pipe and control the one or more actuators to regulate or control cooling of one or more components of the vehicle based on the predicted cooling capability.

Abstract: A system for determining desired control paths for controlling operation of a fuel cell circuit includes a memory to store a model of the fuel cell circuit and an input device to receive system requirements. The system also includes a model processor designed to select sets of time-series actuator states corresponding to time-series control of an actuator of the fuel cell circuit and to perform simulations of the model using the multiple sets of time-series actuator states as controls for the actuator. The model processor is also performs an analysis of results of the simulations to determine whether the results for each of the multiple sets of time-series actuator states satisfy the system requirements and how far the results are from the system requirements, and selects a final set of time-series actuator states that satisfy the system requirements based on the analysis.

Abstract: A system for providing oxygen to a fuel cell circuit includes a compressor and a fuel cell stack having a plurality of fuel cells. The system also includes a plurality of pipes and a pressure sensor designed to detect pressure at a first location. The system also includes a memory to store a model of the fuel cell circuit and an ECU. The ECU determines a control signal corresponding to desirable operation of the compressor and determines flow values of the gas through each component based on the detected pressure and the model of the fuel cell circuit. The ECU also determines pressure values of each component based on the determined flow values and the model of the fuel cell circuit. The ECU also controls operation of the compressor based on the control signal, at least one of the flow values, and at least one of the pressure values.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and device for controlling air flow within a vehicle for electrical generation. The air control system includes at least one of an air compressor, a back pressure valve or a bypass valve that controls air flow. The air control system includes one or more components. The air control system includes an electronic control unit. The electronic control unit is configured to obtain an air flow target and an air pressure ratio target and determine that the one or more components will operate outside a safe operating region. The electronic control unit is configured to determine a mediated air flow target and a mediated air pressure ratio target that causes the one or more components to operate within the safe operating region. The electronic control unit is configured to adjust the at least one of the air compressor, the back pressure valve or the bypass valve.

Abstract: A system for real-time modeling includes a compressor designed to operate at a compressor speed, a compressor flow rate, and a compressor pressure ratio. The system also includes a memory designed to store an operating condition matrix that plots multiple compressor pressure ratios to each of a plurality of compressor speeds, and a related operating state matrix that plots multiple compressor flow rates to each of the plurality of compressor speeds. The system also includes a compressor controller to determine a target compressor speed and a target compressor pressure ratio, and to identify a target location in the operating condition matrix based on the target compressor speed and the target compressor pressure ratio. The compressor controller also determines a target compressor flow rate by interpolating values in the operating state matrix based on the target location, and to control the compressor based on the target compressor flow rate.

Abstract: A system for controlling airflow through a fuel cell circuit includes a fuel cell stack. The system also includes a valve having a valve position that affects a pressure of the gas and a valve area corresponding to a cross-sectional area of the valve through which the gas may flow. The system also includes a memory designed to store a map or function that correlates the valve area to the valve position. The system also includes an ECU to determine or receive a desired mass flow rate of the gas through the valve, and calculate a desired valve area to achieve the desired mass flow rate. The ECU is also designed to compare the desired valve area to the map or function to determine a desired valve position that provides the desired valve area, and to control the valve to have the desired valve position.

Abstract: A system includes a compressor to pump a gas at a compressor flow rate, and a fuel cell stack that receives the gas. The system also includes a memory to store a compressor flow map corresponding to a desirable progression shape of the compressor flow rate from a starting compressor flow rate to a target compressor flow rate over a period of time. The system also includes an ECU to determine or receive a control signal corresponding to a final target compressor flow rate and to determine the starting compressor flow rate. The ECU also determines an intermediate target compressor flow rate using the compressor flow map based on the final target compressor flow rate, the starting compressor flow rate, and an amount of time since determining or receiving the control signal, and controls the compressor based on the intermediate target compressor flow rate.

Abstract: A system for heating or cooling a fuel cell circuit includes a fuel cell stack designed to receive a fluid. The system also includes a temperature sensor to detect a fluid temperature of the fluid, an actuator to increase or decrease the fluid temperature, and an electronic control unit (ECU). The ECU is designed to receive a target fuel cell temperature corresponding to the fuel cell stack and based on a power request, to determine a temperature rate of change corresponding to a desired rate of temperature change of a current fuel cell temperature of the fuel cell stack to achieve the target fuel cell temperature based on the target fuel cell temperature, and to control the actuator to increase or decrease the fluid temperature based on the temperature rate of change to cause the current fuel cell temperature to increase or decrease to the target fuel cell temperature.

Abstract: A system includes a fuel cell stack that receives a fluid, an actuator to increase or decrease a fluid temperature of the fluid, a pipe to facilitate flow of the fluid, and a memory designed to store a model of the fuel cell circuit. The system also includes an ECU that calculates mass flow values of the fluid through the fuel cell stack or the pipe based on a previously-determined mass flow value and the model of the fuel cell circuit. The ECU also calculates a plurality of pressure values corresponding to the fuel cell stack or the pipe based on the plurality of mass flow values and the model, controls the actuator position of the actuator to increase or decrease the fluid temperature based on at least one of the plurality of mass flow values and at least one of the plurality of pressure values.

Abstract: A system for heating or cooling a fuel cell circuit of a vehicle includes a fuel cell stack, a temperature sensor to detect a fluid temperature of the fluid, a pump to pump the fluid through the fuel cell circuit, and an ECU. The ECU is designed to determine a temperature control signal based on the fluid temperature of the fluid. The ECU is also designed to calculate a desired mass flow rate of the fluid through the fuel cell stack based on the temperature control signal. The ECU is also designed to calculate a desired pump speed of the pump based on the desired mass flow rate of the fluid through the fuel cell stack. The ECU is also designed to control the pump to pump the fluid at the desired pump speed to increase or decrease the fluid temperature of the fluid.

Abstract: A system includes a fuel cell stack having a plurality of fuel cells and designed to receive a fluid and to heat the fluid. The system also includes an actuator to increase or decrease a fluid temperature of the fluid and an ECU. The ECU can determine a temperature control signal corresponding to a desired temperature of the fluid and perform a feedforward control of the actuator to increase or decrease the fluid temperature towards the desired temperature. The ECU can also determine a temperature difference between the fluid temperature and the desired temperature, and can determine a sensitivity that corresponds a change in a parameter value or the actuator position to a change in the fluid temperature. The ECU can also apply the sensitivity to the temperature difference to determine an error signal, and control the actuator based on the error signal.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and device for real-time two-dimensional modeling of a fuel cell stack of a vehicle. The method includes obtaining a dataset having multiple data points. A data point of the multiple data points is associated with one set of conditions and a homotopic operating state. The method includes generating a first matrix that has multiple sets of conditions from the plurality of data points. The method includes generating a second matrix of multiple operating states from the multiple data points. Each operating state is associated with at least one of the multiple sets of conditions. The method includes generating an interpolation of homotopic operation states (IHOS) model based on the first matrix and the second matrix. The IHOS model has multiple reference rows of the sets of conditions associated with a homotopic operating state. The method includes rendering, on a display, the IHOS model.

Abstract: A system includes an input device that receives desirable performance characteristics of a vehicle a diagnostic processor that receives vehicle test data, and determines undesirable vehicle performance data points by comparing the desirable vehicle performance characteristics to the test data. The diagnostic processor also determines undesirable system data points that correspond to likely causes of the undesirable vehicle performance data points by comparing the desirable system performance characteristics to the test data, and determines undesirable component data points that correspond to likely causes of the undesirable system data points by comparing the desirable component performance characteristics to the test data.