Abstract: Methods and systems for treatment of organic waste by means of hydrothermal carbonization include a mixing tank for receiving organic waste. A first batch of mixed wet waste is fed from the mixing tank to a first thermal reactor to undergo thermal hydrolysis. A second batch of mixed wet waste is fed from the mixing tank to a second thermal reactor to undergo thermal hydrolysis. Bio-char sludge is fed in an alternating manner from the first and second thermal reactors to a bio-char cooler. To save energy, hot and pressurized water from the first thermal reactor is subsequently supplied to the second thermal reactor or from the second thermal reactor to the first thermal reactor in an alternating manner for the respective hydrolysis processes.

Abstract: Methods and systems for treatment of organic waste by means of hydrothermal carbonization include a mixing tank for receiving organic waste. A first batch of mixed wet waste is fed from the mixing tank to a first thermal reactor to undergo thermal hydrolysis. A second batch of mixed wet waste is fed from the mixing tank to a second thermal reactor to undergo thermal hydrolysis. Bio-char sludge is fed in an alternating manner from the first and second thermal reactors to a bio-char cooler. To save energy, hot and pressurized water from the first thermal reactor is subsequently supplied to the second thermal reactor or from the second thermal reactor to the first thermal reactor in an alternating manner for the respective hydrolysis processes.

Abstract: Methods and systems for treatment of organic waste by means of hydrothermal carbonization include a mixing tank for receiving organic waste. A first batch of mixed wet waste is fed from the mixing tank to a first thermal reactor to undergo thermal hydrolysis. A second batch of mixed wet waste is fed from the mixing tank to a second thermal reactor to undergo thermal hydrolysis. Bio-char sludge is fed in an alternating manner from the first and second thermal reactors to a bio-char cooler. To save energy, hot and pressurized water from the first thermal reactor is subsequently supplied to the second thermal reactor or from the second thermal reactor to the first thermal reactor in an alternating manner for the respective hydrolysis processes.

Abstract: Methods and systems for treatment of organic waste by means of hydrothermal carbonization include a mixing tank for receiving organic waste. A first batch of mixed wet waste is fed from the mixing tank to a first thermal reactor to undergo thermal hydrolysis. A second batch of mixed wet waste is fed from the mixing tank to a second thermal reactor to undergo thermal hydrolysis. Bio-char sludge is fed in an alternating manner from the first and second thermal reactors to a bio-char cooler. To save energy, hot and pressurized water from the first thermal reactor is subsequently supplied to the second thermal reactor or from the second thermal reactor to the first thermal reactor in an alternating manner for the respective hydrolysis processes.

Abstract: The present invention provides a new and unique method and apparatus for communicating information between two nodes, points or terminals in a wireless local area network (WLAN), where a variable multicast and/or broadcast listening interval and associated signalling is allowed between the two nodes, points or terminals in the wireless LAN network. The two nodes, points or terminals include an access point (AP) or other suitable network node or terminal and a station (STA) or other suitable network node or terminal in the WLAN. The AP and the STA can indicate its capability to support a flexible multicast and broadcast listening interval by using new fields in Beacon and Probe Response frames and in (Re)Association Request Frames. The multicast and broadcast service is setup by using Multicast and Broadcast Service Setup signalling.

Abstract: The invention relates to a mechanism for using services provided by a network in an environment including user-operated short-range wireless terminals and short-range wireless peripheral devices, such as wireless storage units, controllable by the user-operated terminals. A wireless peripheral device is informed that a network providing services is to be accessed, as a result of which the wireless peripheral device accesses the said network. A service is then selected from the infrastructure network by the user-operated terminal, while also indicating that the party requesting the selected service is the peripheral device. The selected service is delivered to the wireless peripheral device through the infrastructure network.

Abstract: Various embodiments are described relating to determining delivery intervals in a wireless network, such as an 802.11 infrastructure network. In an example embodiment, a first negotiated delivery interval for a first wireless node may be negotiated by a transmitting wireless node in a wireless network based on a multicast service setup operation and a Delivery Traffic Indication Map (DTIM) interval. Information may be sent from the transmitting wireless node to the first wireless node based on the first negotiated delivery interval. According to an example embodiment, the first negotiated delivery interval may include an integer multiple number of DTIM intervals.

Abstract: A wireless device transmits beacon packets at periodically occurring time intervals across a wireless channel. When the wireless communications device has not formed a piconet with one or more remote devices, the device scans the wireless channel for a predetermined amount of time immediately following each of the periodically occurring time intervals. During this time a remote device may respond to the beacon packet.

Abstract: The present invention provides a new and unique method and apparatus for communicating information between two nodes, points or terminals in a wireless local area network (WLAN), wherein multicast diagnostic information is allowed between the two nodes, points or terminals in the wireless LAN network. The two nodes, points or terminals may include an access point (AP) or other suitable network node or terminal and a station (STA) or other suitable network node or terminal in the WLAN.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a method of configuring quality parameters in a packet-based transmission flow for packets within the flow, and still further a method of transmitting packet-based transmission flows comprising packets of configured quality classes within a session capable of handling at least two distinguishable flows, the method comprising the steps of: receiving packets of a first flow as a first flow of the session, analyzing the received packets in terms of the configured quality classes, separating those segments of the packets of a configured quality class, which configured quality class differs from a quality class of said first flow of the session. Also, a corresponding reception method is disclosed, and respective transmitter and receiver devices are disclosed.

Abstract: A wireless device transmits beacon packets at periodically occurring time intervals across a wireless channel. When the wireless communications device has not formed a piconet with one or more remote devices, the device scans the wireless channel for a predetermined amount of time immediately following each of the periodically occurring time intervals. During this time a remote device may respond to the beacon packet.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for broadcasting beacon frames in a short-range wireless ad-hoc network including a plurality of wireless terminals. In order to improve the efficiency of the ad-hoc network in terms of power consumption, the terminal that defines the beacon interval for the network starts as a beacon broadcaster and introduces an identifier list in at least some of the beacon frames broadcast in the network. The identifier list, which includes identifiers of the wireless terminals belonging to the network, is utilized if another wireless terminal is to be selected as the beacon broadcaster.

Abstract: A wireless device transmits beacon packets at periodically occurring time intervals across a wireless channel. When the wireless communications device has not formed a piconet with one or more remote devices, the device scans the wireless channel for a predetermined amount of time immediately following each of the periodically occurring time intervals. During this time a remote device may respond to the beacon packet.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method and apparatus that features obtaining in a terminal, node, point or device information containing one or more indications about a network load of a wireless short-range communication network; and adjusting rate adaptation logic in the terminal, node, point or device based on the network load information. The information may be obtained in a network control message, including one or more beacon and probe response frames having information about at least one of a load, an average access delay, available admission capacity, access delay, or some combination thereof, of the wireless short-range communication network. The wireless short-range communication network may take the form of a wireless local area network (WLAN), wireless fidelity network (Wi-Fi), an ultra wideband network (UWB) or other suitable network using beacon-based communications protocols either now known or later developed in the future.

Abstract: Various embodiments are disclosed relating to techniques for protecting transmissions in a wireless network. According to an example embodiment, it may be determined at a wireless node whether the wireless node is exchanging transmissions with a plurality of wireless devices associated with a plurality of different signal types in a wireless network. An extended protection request may be sent from the wireless node to a first transmitting device to defer transmission of information for the wireless node for a requested deferral duration. The first transmitting device may defer transmission of information for the wireless node during a deferral period corresponding to the requested deferral duration in response to the extended protection request.

Abstract: Various embodiments are described relating to determining delivery intervals in a wireless network, such as an 802.11 infrastructure network. In an example embodiment, a first negotiated delivery interval for a first wireless node may be negotiated by a transmitting wireless node in a wireless network based on a multicast service setup operation and a Delivery Traffic Indication Map (DTIM) interval. Information may be sent from the transmitting wireless node to the first wireless node based on the first negotiated delivery interval. According to an example embodiment, the first negotiated delivery interval may include an integer multiple number of DTIM intervals.

Abstract: A method provides controlling change of an access point in a communication system. The method comprises receiving, in a terminal having an ongoing connection with a first access point, delivery information relating to an amount of data to be delivered from the first access point. The method also comprises controlling change from the first access point to a second access point based on the delivery information. Furthermore, an access point for a communication system and a terminal for accessing a communication system are provided configured to execute the method.

Abstract: The exemplary embodiments of the invention allow for a limited amount of network service information to be provided to stations without requiring a message exchange sequence. In one non-limiting, exemplary embodiment, a method includes: storing network service information for a wireless local area network; and transmitting a message comprising the network service information without first receiving a request for the network service information. As non-limiting examples, the message may be a beacon, a probe response or a generic advertisement service response. As a non-limiting example, the method may be implemented by an access point of the wireless local area network.

Abstract: The exemplary embodiments of the invention enable a terminal to have access to or to obtain additional information (e.g., AID 0 Info information/FBMS Descriptor information) for non-transmitted beacons such that the terminal can fully utilize FBMS. In an exemplary embodiment of the invention, a method includes: providing a multiple basic service set identifier (BSSID) element including an information element defining information about buffered broadcast/multicast frames for a non-transmitting access point; and transmitting a message having the multiple BSSID element. In further exemplary embodiments, the information element comprises a FBMS Descriptor element or an association identifier (AID) 0 Info information element. In further exemplary embodiments, the message is a beacon or probe response.

Abstract: An approach is provided for an approach to manage a power saving scheme for multicast or broadcast services. A signal is received from a terminal configured to utilize a power-save mechanism. State of a multicast or broadcast group is determined for the terminal based on the signal. The power-save mechanism of the terminal is bypassed if the state is determined to be active to permit transmission of data, which is designated for the multicast or the broadcast group, to the terminal.