Abstract: A system 100, 200 for sensing one or more analytes in a first biofluid and a second biofluid and methods of using said system. The system 100, 200 may include a first subsystem 102, 200a, 200b with a first sensor 120, 122, 220, 222 for sensing a first analyte in the first biofluid and a second subsystem 104, 200b, 200c with a second sensor 124, 126, 222, 224 for sensing a second analyte in the second biofluid. The second analyte may be the same as or different from the first analyte and the second biofluid may be different from the first biofluid. In an embodiment, the first biofluid is a non-sweat biofluid and the second biofluid is sweat. The system 100, 200 may be used to detect lag time for measuring an analyte in one of the biofluids.

Abstract: A laminate which can serve as either a smart window or a smart mirror is formed using first and second substrates coated with transparent first and second electrodes which are separated by foraminous layer and a third grid-like linear electrode insulated from the first and second electrodes. The foraminous layer includes spacers defining a cell space which is filled with a colloidal ink having first and second particles. The first particles have a positive charge and a first color and second particles having a negative charge and a second color different from the first color. By altering the voltages of the first, second and third electrodes, one can achieve different light transmission characteristics which, for example, can alter the color temperature of the light transmitted through the laminate or enhance reflective colors.

Abstract: A laminate which can serve as either a smart window or a smart mirror is formed using first and second substrates coated with transparent first and second electrodes which are separated by foraminous layer and a third grid-like linear electrode insulated from the first and second electrodes. The foraminous layer includes spacers defining a cell space which is filled with a colloidal ink having first and second particles. The first particles have a positive charge and a first color and second particles having a negative charge and a second color different from the first color. By altering the voltages of the first, second and third electrodes, one can achieve different light transmission characteristics which, for example, can alter the color temperature of the light transmitted through the laminate or enhance reflective colors.

Abstract: Described are devices and methods that that include at least one sweat stimulating and collecting material, which can be a sweat stimulating and collecting iontophoresis material. In methods of stimulating and collecting sweat, the method may include (1) stimulating the production of sweat in a subject by delivering at least one sweat-stimulating substance out of a material and into contact with the skin of a subject, and (2) collecting at least a portion of the sweat in the material. Methods in accordance with principles of the present invention can also include transferring the material to a container, removing the material, and analyzing the sweat captured therein.

Abstract: Described are methods and devices (100) for measuring a sweat property of skin (12) in response to at least one test material or component (172, 174, 176, 178). Embodiments of the device include a plurality of different sweat stimulation sites. The Sweat stimulation sites may include one or more sweat stimulant reservoirs (142, 144, 146, 148) configured to deliver a sweat stimulant to the surface of the skin (12). Embodiments may also include at least one electrode (150, 152, 154, 156, 158) for measuring a sweat property or to iontophoretically deliver the sweat stimulant from the reservoir (142, 144, 146, 148). In embodiments, the sweat stimulant is selected from acetylcholine, carbachol, methacholine, bethanechol, muscarine, pilocarpine, oxotremorine, and combinations thereof.

Abstract: Biological chemicals, potentially found in blood are measured by collecting sweat and determining the concentration or meaning of the selected chemical in sweat. The sweat can be collected using a time based, interval collector and analyzed using an external device. It can also be collected on a one time basis, using a flexible, chemical capacitor, or on a continuous basis using a chemical, field effect transducer.

Abstract: A device and method for increasing the concentration of an analyte in a fluid sample. The device may include: a housing defining a chamber therein for receiving a fluid sample, a membrane associated with the housing; and a pressure generator operatively connected to the housing to create a pressure gradient across the membrane. When the pressure generator is operated to create the pressure gradient, this causes at least a portion of the fluid sample to move across the membrane. As a result, the fluid sample is separated into a first portion of fluid and a second portion of fluid including said analyte on opposite sides of the membrane. This second portion of fluid by having the analyte present in an amount of fluid that is reduced as compared to the fluid sample prior to the application of pressure - is thus the resulting analyte-concentrated fluid sample.

Abstract: A device (100) for sensing a first analyte in sweat on skin includes an analyte-specific sensor (120) for sensing the first analyte and an active sweat coupling component (130) for transporting at least one sweat sample inside the device (100) and into fluid communication with the analyte-specific sensor (120). A method of sensing a first analyte in sweat on skin includes actively transporting at least one sweat sample into fluid communication with an analyte-specific sensor (120) for sensing the first analyte using an active sweat coupling component (130) and sensing the first analyte using the analyte-specific sensor (120).

Abstract: The concentration of an administered compound, such as a drug (D), in an organ or a bodily fluid, such as blood, is determined directly through detecting the drug (D) or its metabolites (DM) in sweat. The concentration may be determined indirectly by administering the drug (D) together with one or more tracer compounds (T, T2) or metabolites thereof (TM, T2M) or by detecting concentrations and trends of other analytes present in the body that react to the presence of the drug (D). By determining tracer concentration in sweat, the concentration of the drug (D) in blood or an organ can be determined. The tracer (T, T2) is a compound selected for ease of detection in sweat, known metabolic and solubility profiles that correspond to those of the drug (D), and safety of use. A smart transdermal delivery patch (300) is used to administer a dosage of drug to a wearer in coordination with at least one sweat sensor (324) reading conveying information about the wearer.

Abstract: A laminate which can serve as either a smart window or a smart mirror is formed using first and second substrates coated with transparent first and second electrodes which are separated by foraminous layer and a third grid-like linear electrode insulated from the first and second electrodes. The foraminous layer includes spacers defining a cell space which is filled with a colloidal ink having first and second particles. The first particles have a positive charge and a first color and second particles having a negative charge and a second color different from the first color. By altering the voltages of the first, second and third electrodes, one can achieve different light transmission characteristics which, for example, can alter the color temperature of the light transmitted through the laminate or enhance reflective colors.

Abstract: A sweat sensor device (200) includes one or more sweat sensors (220) and a seal (280) covering the one or more sweat sensors (220). The seal (280) is adapted to protect the sweat sensors (220) from outside contaminants when the device (200) is placed on the skin (12). The sweat sensor device (200) may include an absorbing medium (230) to absorb sweat from the skin (12) that is covered by the seal (280). The seal (280) can be permeable to gas, permeable to water and impermeable to at least one aqueous solute, or selectively permeable to at least one aqueous solute. The sweat sensor device (200) may include an artificial sweat stimulation mechanism (345) for stimulating sweat when the device (200) is placed on the skin (12).

Abstract: A laminate which can serve as either a smart window or a smart mirror is formed using first and second substrates coated with transparent first and second electrodes which are separated by foraminous layer and a third grid-like linear electrode insulated from the first and second electrodes. The foraminous layer includes spacers defining a cell space which is filled with a colloidal ink having first and second particles. The first particles have a positive charge and a first color and second particles having a negative charge and a second color different from the first color. By altering the voltages of the first, second and third electrodes, one can achieve different light transmission characteristics which, for example, can alter the color temperature of the light transmitted through the laminate or enhance reflective colors.

Abstract: A system 100, 200 for sensing one or more analytes in a first biofluid and a second biofluid and methods of using said system. The system 100, 200 may include a first subsystem 102, 200a, 200b with a first sensor 120, 122, 220, 222 for sensing a first analyte in the first biofluid and a second subsystem 104, 200b, 200c with a second sensor 124, 126, 222, 224 for sensing a second analyte in the second biofluid. The second analyte may be the same as or different from the first analyte and the second biofluid may be different from the first biofluid. In an embodiment, the first biofluid is a non-sweat biofluid and the second biofluid is sweat. The system 100, 200 may be used to detect lag time for measuring an analyte in one of the biofluids.

Abstract: Described are methods and devices (100) for measuring a sweat property of skin (12) in response to at least one test material or component (172, 174, 176, 178). Embodiments of the device include a plurality of different sweat stimulation sites. The Sweat stimulation sites may include one or more sweat stimulant reservoirs (142, 144, 146, 148) configured to deliver a sweat stimulant to the surface of the skin (12). Embodiments may also include at least one electrode (150, 152, 154, 156, 158) for measuring a sweat property or to iontophoretically deliver the sweat stimulant from the reservoir (142, 144, 146, 148). In embodiments, the sweat stimulant is selected from acetylcholine, carbachol, methacholine, bethanechol, muscarine, pilocarpine, oxotremorine, and combinations thereof.

Abstract: Biological chemicals, potentially found in blood are measured by collecting sweat and determining the concentration or meaning of the selected chemical in sweat. The sweat can be collected using a time based, interval collector 10 and analyzed using an external device. It can also be collected on a one time basis, using a flexible, chemical capacitor 50, or on a continuous basis using a chemical, field effect transducer 98.

Abstract: The disclosed invention provides a fluid sensing device capable of collecting a biofluid sample, such as interstitial fluid, blood, sweat, or saliva, concentrating the sample with respect to a target analyte, and measuring the target analyte in the concentrated sample. Embodiments of the invention can also determine the change in molarity of the fluid sample with respect to the target analyte, as the sample is concentrated by the device. Some embodiments of the disclosed invention provide a fluid sensing device comprising minimally invasive, microneedle-enabled extraction of interstitial fluid or other biofluid for continuous or prolonged on-body monitoring of biomarkers. Some embodiments allow the collection and measurement of analytes in of non-biological fluids, such as fuels, or bodies of water.

Abstract: A sweat sensor device (400c) for sensing sweat on the skin (12) includes one or more sweat sensors (420) and a volume-reducing component that provides a volume-reduced pathway (480) for sweat between the one or more sweat sensors (420) and sweat glands in said skin (12) when the device (400c) is positioned on said skin (12). The volume-reducing component may include a volume-reducing material (470) and a pressure-permeated component (460), a sweat dissolvable material (490), a mechanically compliant material (570) for conforming to the skin (12), an adhesive with a vertically anisotropic sweat pathway, and microcapsules (1385) including a barrier material. The presence of a volume-reducing component reduces the sweat volume and decreases the sampling interval.

Abstract: A device (100) for sensing a first analyte in sweat on skin includes an analyte-specific sensor (120) for sensing the first analyte and an active sweat coupling component (130) for transporting at least one sweat sample inside the device (100) and into fluid communication with the analyte-specific sensor (120). A method of sensing a first analyte in sweat on skin includes actively transporting at least one sweat sample into fluid communication with an analyte-specific sensor (120) for sensing the first analyte using an active sweat coupling component (130) and sensing the first analyte using the analyte-specific sensor (120).

Abstract: A sweat sensing device (20) comprises at least one sweat generation unit (22) capable of initiating sudomotor axon reflex (SAR) sweating in an indirect stimulation region and at least one analysis unit (24, 26) capable of sensing a physiological parameter of sweat, collecting a sweat sample, or a combination thereof. The at least one analysis unit (24, 26) is located above the indirect stimulation region when the sweat sensing device is placed on skin.

Abstract: A sweat sensing device includes at least one sweat generation unit capable of initiating sudomotor axon reflex (SAR) sweating in an indirect stimulation region and at least one analysis unit capable of sensing a physiological parameter of sweat, collecting a sweat sample, or a combination thereof. The at least one analysis unit is located above the indirect stimulation region when the sweat sensing device is placed on skin.