Abstract: A monitor recorder-implemented method for electrocardiography data compression and an electrocardiography monitor recorder with integral data compression are provided. A series of data items are obtained, each of the data items associated with a magnitude of an ECG signal sensed by a monitor recorder. A range is set for an initial one of the data items in the series. Each of the data items remaining in the series is processed, including: obtaining an estimation of probabilities of the data items appearing next to that data item in the series; dividing the further range into sub-ranges, each sub-range representing a fraction of the further range proportional to the probabilities of the next data items; selecting the sub-range corresponding to the data item next to that data item in the series; and representing the next data item by the selected sub-range in a non-volatile memory.

Abstract: Physiological monitoring can be provided through a lightweight wearable monitor that includes two components, a flexible extended wear electrode patch and a reusable monitor recorder that removably snaps into a receptacle on the electrode patch. The wearable monitor sits centrally (in the midline) on the patient's chest along the sternum oriented top-to-bottom. The placement of the wearable monitor in a location at the sternal midline, with its unique narrow “hourglass”-like shape, significantly improves the ability of the wearable monitor to cutaneously sense cardiac electrical potential signals, particularly the P-wave and, to a lesser extent, the QRS interval signals indicating ventricular activity in the ECG waveforms. Additionally, the monitor recorder includes an ECG sensing circuit that measures raw cutaneous electrical signals and performs signal processing prior to outputting the processed signals for sampling and storage.

Abstract: Physiological monitoring can be provided through a lightweight wearable monitor that includes two components, a flexible extended wear electrode patch and a reusable monitor recorder that removably snaps into a receptacle on the electrode patch. The wearable monitor sits centrally on the patient's chest along the sternum oriented top-to-bottom. The placement of the wearable monitor in a location at the sternal midline, with its unique narrow “hourglass”-like shape, significantly improves the ability of the wearable monitor to cutaneously sense cardiac electrical potential signals, particularly the P-wave and the QRS interval signals indicating ventricular activity in the ECG waveforms. In particular, the ECG electrodes on the electrode patch are tailored to be positioned axially along the midline of the sternum for capturing action potential propagation in an orientation that corresponds to the aVF lead used in a conventional 12-lead ECG that is used to sense positive or upright P-waves.

Abstract: Physiological monitoring can be provided through a wearable monitor that includes two components, a flexible extended wear electrode patch and a removable reusable monitor recorder. The wearable monitor sits centrally on the patient's chest along the sternum oriented top-to-bottom. The placement of the wearable monitor in a location at the sternal midline (or immediately to either side of the sternum) benefits extended wear by removing the requirement that ECG electrodes be continually placed in the same spots on the skin throughout the monitoring period. The wearable monitor can interoperate wirelessly with other physiology and activity sensors and mobile devices, and can include cellular phone capabilities. The power usage of the wireless communication can be reduced by using a low energy wireless transceiver in the monitor. The monitor detects that the monitor has been adhered to the patient and begin collecting physiological data after such detection, preserving battery power.

Abstract: In one embodiment, an ambulatory encoding monitor recorder optimized for rescalable encoding and a method of use are provided. The monitor recorder includes a memory configured to store a plurality of codes and a plurality of electrocardiographic values associated with each of the codes; and a micro-processor configured to obtain electrocardiographic values during a sequence of temporal windows and to process the electrocardiographic values within each of the windows, the processing including: perform a mathematical operation on two of the electrocardiographic values; analyze a result of each of the mathematical operations; based on the analysis, adjust the plurality of the electrocardiographic values associated with each of the codes; encode each of the electrocardiography values within that window with one of the codes based on the adjusted plurality of the electrocardiographic values associated with that code; and write each of the codes into a sequence in the memory.

Abstract: An electrocardiography monitor configured for self-optimizing ECG data compression is provided. ECG waveform characteristics are rarely identical in patients with cardiac disease making this innovation crucial for the long-term data storage and analysis of complex cardiac rhythm disorders. The monitor includes a memory and a micro-controller operable to execute under a micro-programmable control and configured to: obtain a series of electrode voltage values; select one or more of a plurality of compression algorithms for compressing the electrode voltage series; apply one or more of the selected compression algorithms to the electrode voltage series; evaluate a degree of compression of the electrode voltage series achieved using the application of the selected algorithms; apply one or more of the compression algorithms to the compressed electrode voltage series upon the degree of compression not meeting a predefined threshold; and store the compressed electrode voltage series within the memory.

Abstract: An extended wear electrocardiography patch with wire interconnects is provided. The patch includes a flexible backing formed of an elongated strip of stretchable material with narrow longitudinal midsection evenly tapering inward from a distal end and a proximal end, the elongated strip adherable only at a contact surface defined on each of the ends; a pair of electrocardiographic electrodes interfaced to one or more of a set of electrode pads, each of the electrodes including an electrically conductive surface only exposed on the contact surface; a battery connected to one or more of the pads of the set via at least one flexile wire interconnect, the battery secured in place via a flexile wire; and the set of electrical contact pads included on the flexible backing and formed by a set of further flexile wires, the set configured to interface the electrodes and the battery with an electrocardiography monitor recorder.

Abstract: A method for constructing physiological electrode assembly with integrated flexile wire components is provided. A flexible backing is formed from a stretchable woven textile material, the flexible backing having a proximal flexible backing end and a distal flexible backing end. A set of flexile wires is integrated into the proximal flexible backing end to form a set of electrical contact surfaces shaped to interface with a monitor recorder on a side of proximal electrical backing end opposite the contact side of the proximal flexible backing end. An electrocardiographic electrode is positioned on the contact side of the distal flexible backing end. A further electrocardiographic electrode is positioned on the contact side of the proximal flexible backing end. One of the electrical contact surface of the set of electrical surfaces is connected to the electrocardiographic electrode.

Abstract: Long-term electrocardiographic and physiological monitoring over a period lasting up to several years in duration can be provided through a continuously-recording subcutaneous insertable cardiac monitor (ICM). The sensing circuitry and the physical layout of the electrodes are specifically optimized to capture electrical signals from the propagation of low amplitude, relatively low frequency content cardiac action potentials, particularly the P-waves that are generated during atrial activation and storing samples of captured signals. In general, the ICM is intended to be implanted centrally and positioned axially and either over the sternum or slightly to either the left or right of the sternal midline in the parasternal region of the chest.

Abstract: A monitor recorder optimized for electrocardiography and respiratory data acquisition and processing is provided.

Abstract: An extended wear electrocardiography and physiological sensor monitor recorder is provided. A set of electrical contacts extend from a bottom surface of a proximal end of a sealed housing. The sealed housing includes electronic circuitry, including an electrographic front end circuit to sense electrocardiographic signals and a micro-controller interfaced to the electrocardiographic front end circuit to sample the electrocardiographic signals. A patient feedback button located is on a top surface of the proximal end of the sealed housing and positioned above the feedback bottom on the distal end.

Abstract: Physiological monitoring can be provided through a lightweight wearable monitor that includes two components, a flexible extended wear electrode patch and a reusable monitor recorder that removably snaps into a receptacle on the electrode patch. The wearable monitor sits centrally (in the midline) on the patient's chest along the sternum oriented top-to-bottom. The placement of the wearable monitor in a location at the sternal midline, with its unique narrow “hourglass”-like shape, significantly improves the ability of the wearable monitor to cutaneously sense cardiac electrical potential signals, particularly the P-wave and, to a lesser extent, the QRS interval signals indicating ventricular activity in the ECG waveforms. Additionally, the monitor recorder includes an ECG sensing circuit that measures raw cutaneous electrical signals and performs signal processing prior to outputting the processed signals for sampling and storage.

Abstract: Physiological monitoring can be provided through a lightweight wearable monitor that includes two components, a flexible extended wear electrode patch and a reusable monitor recorder that removably snaps into a receptacle on the electrode patch. The wearable monitor sits centrally on the patient's chest along the sternum oriented top-to-bottom. The placement of the wearable monitor in a location at the sternal midline, with its unique narrow “hourglass”-like shape, significantly improves the ability of the wearable monitor to cutaneously sense cardiac electrical potential signals, particularly the P-wave and the QRS interval signals indicating ventricular activity in the ECG waveforms. In particular, the ECG electrodes on the electrode patch are tailored to be positioned axially along the midline of the sternum for capturing action potential propagation in an orientation that corresponds to the aVF lead used in a conventional 12-lead ECG that is used to sense positive or upright P-waves.

Abstract: An extended wear electrocardiography and physiological sensor monitor is provided. An electrode patch includes an integrated flexible circuit having a single piece of material that includes a longitudinal midsection between upper and lower ends and a mirror image shape of the upper end extending from at least a portion of one side of the upper end that runs substantially parallel to the midsection and folds over the upper end. A receptacle is adhered on an outward surface of the mirror image when the integrated circuit is folded over the upper end. One electrode is positioned on a contact surface of the integrated circuit on the upper end and another electrode is positioned on the contact surface on the lower end. A battery is directly adhered to the outward surface of the mirror image and positioned under the receptacle. A monitor is configured to be removably secured in the receptacle.

Abstract: A system for secure physiological data acquisition and delivery is provided. The system includes a monitoring patch that includes a flexible backing; a pair of electrocardiographic electrodes included on a contact surface of each end of the flexible backing; a receptacle affixed to a non-contacting surface of the flexible backing and including an electro-mechanical docking interface for interfacing with a monitor recorder; a pair of flexible circuit traces affixed at each end of the flexible backing with each circuit trace connecting one of the electrocardiographic electrodes to the electro-mechanical docking interface; and a circuit operable to store an identifier associated with the patch and an encrypted password necessary to access physiological monitoring data obtained using the patch identified by that identifier, the circuit configured to provide via the electro-mechanical docking interface the password and the identifier to the monitor recorder.

Abstract: A system and method for electrocardiography and actigraphy data processing with the aid of a digital computer are provided. Samples of actigraphy event occurrences and samples of electrocardiographic signals are retrieved from a memory of a physiological monitor, wherein the samples of the actigraphy event occurrences are embedded among the samples of the electrocardiographic signals based on a time associated each of the samples of the actigraphy event occurrences and a time associated with each of the samples of the electrocardiographic signals. An actionable actigraphy event occurrence is identified from the samples of the actigraphy event occurrences. Those samples of the electrocardiographic signals that were sensed substantially concurrent to a time of the occurrence of the actionable actigraphy event are identified based on the embedding. The actionable event occurrence and the samples of the electrocardiographic signals that were identified are output.

Abstract: This disclosure provides cascaded reference circuits and low amplitude signal sensing circuits that are useful in applications where high sensitivity, low noise measurements are needed. Such embodiments may be especially useful in health and fitness wearable devices. Systems incorporating the circuits, as well as methods for using these circuits to determine quantities and qualities of a person's moods, such as how much and what kinds of stress they experience. The provided devices are useful on limbs and appendages, such as in a smart watch that is worn on the wrist. Methods are provided for using the devices of this disclosure to privately alert wearers to an increase in bad stress in the moment when they can take actions to reduce their stress and physiological stress responses. These devices are useful for measuring and increasing the effectiveness of relaxation techniques.

Abstract: This application relates to physiological monitoring typically for health and fitness purposes. Specifically, this application targets health and fitness monitors that require low noise acquisition of low amplitude biopotential signals. The method herein allows measurement and acquisition of biopotential signals that are normally too small to resolve due to the noise floor limitations of modern low noise amplifiers. Examples of applications that this method enables include monitoring devices located in far proximity from the location in which a biopotential signal originates, such as a wrist worn cardiac monitor, or a device that needs to sense low amplitude, fine muscle or nerve activity in a localized region.

Abstract: A self-authenticating electrocardiography and physiological sensor monitor is provided. An electrode patch includes an elongated strip and electrodes exposed on each end. A receptacle is adhered to the elongated strip and includes electrical pads. Circuit traces are electrically coupled to the electrocardiographic electrodes and the electrical pads. A monitor recorder having a sealed housing is adapted to be secured into the receptacle. Circuitry within the housing includes a microcontroller with a private key. A copy of the private key is stored on the patch. Self-authentication is performed each time the monitor recorder is inserted into a new patch by challenging the patch using a code hashed with the private key and by receiving a response from the patch in reply to the challenge. A front end circuit senses electrocardiographic signals via electrodes on the patch when the response received by the microcontroller is positive, until the electrode patch expires.

Abstract: A system and method for applying a uniform dynamic gain over cardiac data with the aid of a digital computer is provided. A time series of a plurality of voltage values that comprises a digital representation of a raw electrocardiography (“ECG”) signal recorded by an ambulatory monitor recorder is obtained by an least one computer processor, the time series including segments of noise and segments of non-noise. The segments of non-noise are analyzed by the at least one computer processor and a single gain factor for all of the values in the analyzed non-noise segments is determined by the at least one computer processor based on the analysis. The single gain factor to all of the values in the non-noise segments is applied by the at least one computer processor.