Abstract: (S)-alpha-ethyl-2-oxo-1-pyrrolidineacetamide, its preparation and pharmaceutical compositions containing the same. It can be prepared either by reacting (S)-alpha-ethyl-2-oxo-1-pyrrolidineacetic acid successively with an alkyl haloformate and with ammonia, or, by cyclizing an (S)-2-amino-butanamide of the formula X--CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 -NHCH (C.sub.2 H.sub.5)CONH.sub.2 wherein Y is a --CH.sub.2 --radical when X represents a ZOOC--radical and Y is a --CO-- radical when X represents a HalCH.sub.2 --radical, Z being a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl radical and Hal a halogen atom.This laevorotatory enantiomer has been found to have significantly higher protective activity against hypoxia and ischemia than the corresponding racemate.

Abstract: New substituted 1H-imidazoles and their salts, processes for the preparation thereof and pharmaceutical compositions.These compounds have the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.5 =hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl;R.sub.4 =hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkoxy;Y.sub.1 =hydrogen and Y.sub.2 =OZ.sub.2 or the reverse;Z.sub.1 =Z.sub.2 =hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl or Z.sub.1 and Z.sub.2 =--CH.sub.2 -- or --C(CH.sub.3).sub.2 --.These compounds are prepared either by reducing a corresponding imidazole compound having a hydroxyl or alkoxy group on the methyl bridge between the imidazole and phenyl rings, or by hydrolyzing a 4-[[2,2-dimethyl-4H-1,3-benzodioxin-6(or 8)-yl]methyl]-1H-imidazole, or yet by reducing an alkyl 3-[(1H-imidazol-4-yl)methyl]-2-hydroxybenzoate.These compounds have cardiac, cerebral and tissular anti-ischemic activities.

Abstract: (R)-alpha-ethyl-2-oxo-1-pyrrolidineacetamide, its preparation and pharmaceutical compositions containing the same. It can be prepared either by reacting (R)-alpha-ethyl-2-oxo-1-pyrrolidineacetic acid successively with an alkyl haloformate and with ammonia, or, by cyclizing an (R)-2-amino-butanamide of the formula X--CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --Y--NHCH(C.sub.2 H.sub.5)CONH.sub.2 wherein Y is a --CH.sub.2 -- radical when X represents a ZOOC-- radical and Y is a --CO-- radical when X represents a HalCH.sub.2 -- radical, Z being a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl radical and Hal a halogen atom. This dextrorotatory enantiomer has been found to have significantly higher mnemic activity and lower toxicity than the corresponding racemate.

Abstract: (S)-alpha-ethyl-2-oxo-1-pyrrolidineacetamide, its preparation and pharmaceutical compositions containing the same. It can be prepared either by reacting (S)-alpha-ethyl-2-oxo-1-pyrrolidineacetic acid successively with an alkyl haloformate and with ammonia, or, by cyclizing an (S)-2-aminobutanamide of the formula X--CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --Y--NHCH(C.sub.2 H.sub.5)CONH.sub.2 wherein Y is a --CH.sub.2 -- radical when X represents a ZOOC-- radical and Y is a --CO-- radical when X represents a HalCH.sub.2 -- radical, Z being a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl radical and Hal a halogen atom.This laevorotatory enantiomer has been found to have significantly higher protective activity against hypoxia and ischemia than the corresponding racemate.

Abstract: A multiprogramming data processing system comprises a plurality of data processing devices P1, P2, P3, P4 each having local storage 110-116 and has furthermore an interconnecting standard bus 100. The program is divided in program segments S1-S4, while the program segments are grouped into program portions (k, m, n). The respective program portions are each stored at one of the local memory sections. When an extended branch instruction calls an address in a different program portion, a portion change interrupt signal (26) is generated, whereby dynamical allocation of the execution of program segments may be realized. When a privileged portion (0) is called, the portion change interrupt is nullified, both at the calling to, (28) and the return (23) from the privileged program portion.

Abstract: A data processing system, comprising a central unit, peripheral units, and input/output processors which are connected parallel to a common bus. The said processors centralize the exchanges between a plurality of peripheral units and the store. The data exchanges can be effected in the mode "programmed bus", in which the central unit is the master of the system, or by way of the "multiplex bus", where the exchange is controlled by the input/output processor in word blocks. The interruption system utilizes a second bus which is independent of the first bus, so that the simultaneous transfer of the interruption vectors and data is possible.