Abstract: A method for transmitting control messages is disclosed. The method includes grouping a plurality of control messages for at least one user equipment based on at least one criteria of whether or not uplink ACK/NACK channel indexes are allowed to be implicitly used in the control messages, whether or not the user equipment corresponding to the control messages is able to implicitly use the uplink ACK/NACK channel indexes, sizes of Information Elements (IEs) of the control messages, whether or not the control messages are segmented into a predetermined number of subblocks, MCS levels applied to the control messages, sizes of allocated IEs of the control messages after applying the MCS levels, and frequency partitions in which the IEs of the control messages are present, and transmitting the grouped control messages. The control messages included in each of the groups generated by grouping are equal in at said least one criteria.

Abstract: Disclosed is a sleep mode in a broadband wireless access system, more particularly a method of transmitting and receiving a message associated with a sleep mode in a broadband wireless access system. The method of transmitting a message associated with a sleep mode in a broadband wireless access system includes transmitting a first message which includes a flag if a receiving side receives the first message associated with the sleep mode, the flag indicating that the receiving side transmits an acknowledgement signal to a transmitting side, and receiving the acknowledgement signal from the receiving side which has received the first message.

Abstract: A communication method using a relay station (RS) in a mobile communication system is disclosed. A base station transmits identification information, which designates a position of a relay station region during at least one next frame, to a mobile subscriber station through the relay station, and the mobile subscriber station identifies the position of the relay station region during the at least one next frame. Thus, the mobile subscriber station does not need to synchronize with a relay station preamble to retrieve the relay station region for every frame, and a start point of the relay station region can be retrieved quickly and exactly even in the case that the position of the relay station region is varied.

Abstract: A method of performing ranging in a broadband wireless access system is disclosed. A method of performing ranging of a mobile station which is in an idle mode in a broadband wireless access system includes requesting ranging by transmitting a third ranging code to a network through a first ranging region allocated by the network to transmit a first ranging code or a second ranging code, and receiving a first ranging response message from the network, the first ranging response message including uplink transmission parameters.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of performing procedures for network entry of a mobile station in a broadband wireless access system. The method includes being allocated with transmission parameters from a base station, at least one time performing a request of an uplink band for transmission of an uplink management message to the base station, and receiving a downlink message for next procedure from the base station if the uplink band is not allocated even after the lapse of a preset time period.

Abstract: A dual journaling storing method and a storage medium thereof are provided, in which data are stored toward a central portion of a storage space of the storage medium from start and end locations when a flash memory or the like is used as a storage medium for storing/managing/processing data. One data is stored from a start location of the storage medium based on the journaling method, and another data is stored from an end location of the storage medium toward the start location.

Abstract: A method of transmitting and receiving a paging message in a mobile communication system is disclosed, by which the power saving effect can be enhanced in a manner of minimizing unnecessary wake-up, decoding and demodulation of a terminal by informing the terminal of a location of a frame to receive before a base station sends a paging message. An embodiment of the present invention comprises transmitting a signal including location information of the paging message for a specific terminal between paging listening intervals to the terminal and transmitting the paging message to the terminal for the paging listening interval.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition for external skin application having a skin-moisturizing effect, which comprises gallocatechin gallate as an active ingredient. More particularly, the composition for external skin application comprises gallocatechin gallate as an active ingredient to activate peroxisome proliferator activated receptor isoform alpha (PPAR-?), to stimulate expression of filaggrin and involucrin that are skin-moisturizing factors, and thus to provide excellent anti-drying and skin-moisturizing effects. More particularly, the composition for external skin application may further comprise theobromine and quercetin in addition to gallocatechin gallate to maximize such effects.

Abstract: A resource allocation method for a HARQ is disclosed. This resource allocation method includes, transmitting an MAP message having specific information indicating whether or not a differential allocation is supported, storing MAP information contained in the MAP message during a predetermined frame, and upon receiving an NACK message during the predetermined frame, transmitting sub-burst information having differential allocation information related to sub-bursts to be retransmitted. If there are a large amount of HARQ traffics, each embodiment of the present invention transmits only differential information on the basis of MAP information of the initial MAP message when HARQ sub-bursts is retransmitted.

Abstract: A method of allocating a radio resource in a wireless access system is disclosed. The method includes receiving a control message associated with radio resource allocation for transmitting uplink data to the base station, wherein the control message comprises a first persistent uplink allocation information element comprising first resource allocation information associated with a first resource allocation region for transmitting the uplink data of a mobile station and transmitting an acknowledgment (ACK) message from the mobile station to the base station in response to successfully receiving the first persistent uplink allocation information element.

Abstract: A method for transmitting information of a network interworking with a wireless LAN (802.11, Wi-Fi) network or EMID (ESS MAC ID) provided from an EMID server to a wireless user equipment if the wireless user equipment accesses the wireless LAN network is disclosed. A wireless communication system which performs communication using a plurality of subcarriers includes at least one access point receiving messages from at least one wireless user equipment and communicating with another access point through a distribution system, and at least one interworking information broker receiving information request message of subscriber service provider network (SSPN) through interface with the at least one access point and acquiring response information corresponding to the information request message through interface with a network entity which includes information of the SSPN, the information request message of the SSPN being transmitted from the wireless user equipment to the at least one access point.

Abstract: A method of transmitting messages for acquisition of information related to a specific network entity or a link network during network selection in a mobile terminal is disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an anti-aging composition for external use on skin, and more particularly, to an anti-aging composition for external use on skin comprising at least one of catechins and flavonols as an active ingredient to inhibit decomposition and promote generation or protection at the dermis-epidermis junction.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device is disclosed. The disclosed device includes a first substrate including a plurality of gate and data lines defining a plurality of pixel regions, heating conductive lines having first conductive lines formed substantially in parallel with the gate lines and second conductive lines formed substantially in parallel with the data lines, thin film transistors (TFT) connected to the corresponding gate lines and data lines, and pixel electrodes connected to the corresponding TFTs. The disclosed device also includes a second substrate including a plurality of color filters formed corresponding to the pixel regions, and a liquid crystal layer between the first substrate and the second substrate. At least one of the second conductive lines is separated from at least one of the first conductive lines.

Abstract: [Problem] Since JFFS, which is used as an existing method of storing data in a flash memory, stores all data sequentially according to a generated order, pure data of a file system and metadata for managing the pure data must be sequentially stored. Thus, when a PC is turned on and mounts the file system, since all metadata must be read to RAM, the entire space of the flash memory must be read, and thus a long time is taken to mount the file system. An increase in the capacity of the flash memory causes an increase in the mounting time. Thus, a booting time taken to turn on and use an embedded system significantly increases. Accordingly, JFFS is not suitable for embedded systems requiring quick access.

Abstract: A display apparatus includes a display module and a front case. The display module displays images. The display module includes a boss fixing member having a combination hole. The front case covers a first surface of the display module and has a first boss that is inserted into the combination hole to combine the front case to the display module. The first boss is formed at inside edges of the display module. The boss fixing member is positioned within the edges of the display module which define the outdimension of the display module.

Abstract: An array substrate for a liquid crystal display device includes a gate line and a data line on a substrate, the gate line crossing the data line to define a pixel region, a thin film transistor connected to the gate line and the data line, a pixel electrode connected to the thin film transistor, and a distortion pattern under the pixel electrode.

Abstract: This invention relates to host cellular receptor components for Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV) and methods of their use in diagnosis, prevention, control, and treatment of PRRSV disease in animals.

Abstract: The present invention provides a dual journaling storing method and a storage medium thereof, in which data are stored toward a central portion of a storage space of the storage medium from start and end locations when a flash memory or the like is used as a storage medium for storing/managing/processing data. One data is stored from a start location of the storage medium based an the journaling method, and another data is stored from an end location of the storage medium toward the start location.

Abstract: Methods for screening for FIP infection or other multi-organ coronaviruses are disclosed, as well as isolated antibodies and kits useful for performing such methods. Biomarkers for multi-organ coronavirus infections include soluble enolase; antibodies to enolase; and circulating immune complexes that contain enolase. The methods find application in diagnosis, treatment, vaccine-development, and selection or breeding for disease-resistance.