Abstract: According to an example aspect of the present invention, there is provided an apparatus, such as a user equipment, configured at least to process a measurement instruction received in the apparatus from a cellular communication system, based on the measurement instruction, measure a received signal strength of a signal from each cell of a first cell set and each cell of a second cell set, the first cell set and the second cell set comprising cells of the cellular communication system, and determine a first signal strength value for the first cell set and a second signal strength value for the second cell set, and report to the cellular communication system a value obtained from the first signal strength value and the second signal strength value.

Abstract: A method, device and computer readable medium are used to support satellite access. The registration management entity of the network determines information regarding which beam covering the location of the terminal device and the corresponding timing; the terminal device triggers a registration update based on the information determined by the registration management entity. Thus, the method, device and computer readable medium can introduce less modification to the network and have good compatibility.

Abstract: In accordance with an example embodiment of the present invention, a method comprising: receiving from a network node, by a user equipment of a plurality of user equipment associated with more than one communication beam of a communication network, information comprising locations in time of the user equipment during paging occasions with at least one cell of the communication network associated over more than one communication beam, wherein the information identifies any provided order of the more than one communication beam covering the locations in time of the user equipment during the paging occasions; and based on the information, identifying by the user equipment at least one communication beam and timing of at least one paging occasion, of the paging occasions, for the user equipment.

Abstract: An apparatus and method are provided for selecting system information blocks containing satellite assistance information to be read such that up-to-date satellite assistance information in order for the apparatus to maintain up to date satellite assistance information. The apparatus and method take account of the discontinuous mode of operation of the apparatus and seek to align the selected system information blocks with the operational times of the apparatus. The apparatus and method also seek to preferentially select the system information blocks closest to the end of the valid time period for the current satellite assistance information.

Abstract: There is provided an apparatus in a user equipment, the apparatus comprising including: one or more processors, and memory storing instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the apparatus to: perform measurements on signals received from a target network entity, wherein the user equipment is connected to a serving network entity and calculate a variance of the measurements over a time period. The one or more processors, and memory storing instructions, when executed by the one or more processors, further cause the apparatus to, in response to determining that the calculated variance is above a threshold value, adjust the transmission of a measurement report from the user equipment.

Abstract: An apparatus and method are provided for determining a time window during which system information blocks containing satellite assistance information should be read in order for the apparatus to reliably maintain up-to-date satellite assistance information.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to devices, methods, apparatuses and computer readable storage media of signalling enabling Timing Advance (TA) exchange between User Equipment (UE) and Radio Access Network (RAN). The method comprises receiving, at a first device, a TA margin from a second device; transmitting, to the second device, information associated with a reference location of the first device at a first time point; determining a reference TA of the first device at least based on the reference location of the first device; determining an actual TA of the first device at least based on an actual location of the first device at a second time point; and determining, based on a comparison of a TA margin with a difference between the reference TA and the actual TA, whether to transmit an updated reference location of the first device to the second device. In this way, the control for uplink overhead from TA/location updates and probability of impacting downlink scheduling become flexible.

Abstract: Various example embodiments relate to performing random access to a communication network. An apparatus may determine satellite positioning information comprising a location of the apparatus and/or time information. The apparatus may determine an estimate of the accuracy of the satellite positioning information and select a type of random access procedure accordingly. Apparatuses, methods, and computer programs are disclosed.

Abstract: Example embodiments provide signaling between a network node and a client node in non-terrestrial network which enables optimizing energy consumption of the client node. The client node may adapt its power saving mode duration to end at a suitable time for transmission based on information about transmission opportunities computed by the network node. The network nodes may be moving network nodes that operate at altitude, such as satellites. Apparatuses, methods, and computer programs are disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method comprising receiving a data packet from an access node, combining the received data packet with previous repetitions of the data packet to obtain a combined data packet, attempting to decode information comprised in the combined data packet, determining that the attempt to decode was not successful, determining an estimate of energy required for a correct reception of the data packet and based, at least partly, on the determined estimation for the energy, determining an additional number of repetitions of the data packet.

Abstract: Various techniques are provided for generating and communicating an acknowledgement/negative acknowledgement (ACK/NACK).

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to devices, methods, apparatuses and computer readable storage media of UL data duplication avoidance. The method includes obtaining, from an application layer of a terminal device, at least one UL data to be transmitted to a network device, the at least one UL data including one or more application retransmission data and keeping the one or more application retransmission data in a buffer of the terminal device for respective time intervals. The method further includes in accordance with a determination that an indication, that respective acknowledges are received for at least a portion of application retransmission data in the one or more application retransmission data, is received from the application layer, removing the portion of application retransmission data from the buffer. In this way, redundant retransmission of UL application data may be avoided.

Abstract: A client device, a network node device, methods and computer programs are disclosed. A client device may comprise at least one processor and at least one memory including computer program code. The at least one memory and the computer program code may be configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the client device to receive a timing advance configuration message from a network node device, wherein the timing advance configuration message comprises a plurality of timing advance commands; perform a plurality of consecutive uplink transmissions to the network node device; and apply the plurality of timing advance commands between the plurality of consecutive uplink transmissions.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for communication in non-terrestrial networks are provided. Downlink transmissions are received (400) from one or more non-terrestrial nodes. Signal strengths and/or signal quality of the transmissions are measured (402) from the one or more non-terrestrial nodes. Transitions between line-of-sight and non-line-of-sight states regarding the one or more non-terrestrial nodes are determined (404). Locations of the one or more non-terrestrial nodes and the apparatus are determined (406) and elevation and azimuth angles to the one or more non-terrestrial nodes from the apparatus are calculated (408). A database of the line-of-sight and non-line-of-sight states is generated (410) as a function of elevation and azimuth angles and apparatus location and utilised (412) to determine expected line-of-sight and non-line-of-sight states for non-terrestrial nodes.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus, including computer program products, are provided for switching between platforms. In some example embodiment, there may be provided a method, which may include receiving, by a user equipment, a notification indicative of a switch from a first platform to a second platform; calculating, by the user equipment, a timing advance for use with the second platform; and accessing, by the user equipment, the second platform after the switch to the second platform, the accessing based on at least the calculated timing advance. Related systems, methods, and articles of manufacture are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method and apparatus may include identifying, by a network entity, at least one link change corresponding with at least one round trip time (RTT) change, and transmitting, by the network entity, at least one first indication of the at least one link change to at least one serving network entity. The at least one first indication is configured to cause the at least one serving network entity to transmit at least one second indication of the at least one RTT change to at least one user equipment.

Abstract: A method of operating a user equipment (UE) having a serving cell and a neighbor cell included in a wireless communications system, includes receiving (S410), by the UE, parameters defining a measurement window; receiving, by the UE, one or more timing thresholds; performing a measurement operation with respect to the neighbor cell by measuring (S415) reference information of the neighbor cell in accordance with the measurement window; determining, by the UE, whether to adjust one or more of the parameters of the measurement window based on a temporal position of the reference information and the one or more timing thresholds; and adjusting one or more of the parameters of the measurement window based on the determining.

Abstract: This document discloses a solution for performing a random access procedure. According to an aspect, a method for a terminal device comprises: receiving, from an access node, system information comprising a first random access configuration and at least a second random access configuration; determining, whether a link loss between the terminal device and the access node is increasing or decreasing; if the link loss is determined to decrease, selecting the first random access configuration and performing the random access with the access node by using the first random access configuration; and if the link loss is determined to increase, selecting the second random access configuration and performing random access with the access node by using the second random access configuration.

Abstract: Devices, methods and computer programs for synchronization information determination with respect to neighboring cells in wireless communications are disclosed. A network node device determines enhanced synchronization information related to neighboring cell(s) of a current cell served by the network node device. The network node device transmits the determined enhanced synchronization information via downlink signaling to at least one client device located in the current cell. A client device receives the enhanced synchronization information via the downlink signaling. The client device determines synchronization status data of the neighboring cell(s) with respect to the current cell based on the received enhanced synchronization information. The client device may perform an accelerated search for at least one of the neighboring cell(s) based on the determined synchronization status data.

Abstract: Systems, methods, apparatuses, and computer program products for utilizing user equipment (UE) detection of radio state conditions. For example, certain embodiments may detect and utilize knowledge of periodic line-of-sight (LOS)/non-LOS (NLOS) radio state changes to improve a network's handling of such radio states. In particular, a UE may be configured to observe LOS/NLOS radio state transitions over time. The UE may generate an estimate of when periodic radio state changes have occurred. The UE may report a prediction of a future LOS/NLOS radio state change based on the estimates of when the previous radio state changes have occurred. The predictions may be reported to the network as a measurement report.