Abstract: Composition comprising a combination of oleuropein or metabolite thereof and nicotinamide riboside thereof are provided. The composition may be an oral nutritional composition, for example a nutritional supplement, an oral nutritional supplement, a food product, a food for special medical purpose (FSMP). The composition can be administered to an individual in need thereof for (i) improving a physiological state or disorder related to NAD deficiency/restriction in one or more cells, (ii) improving a physiological state linked to metabolic fatigue in one or more cells, (iii) increasing mitochondrial energy and mitochondrial calcium uptake in one or more cells, and (iv) increasing antioxidant capacity, reducing oxidative stress and/or enhancing mitochondrial function, (v) treating or preventing a NAD deficiency/depletion disorder in an individual, (vi) improving healthspan.

Abstract: The present invention relates to use of a composition comprising an effective amount of a combination of oleuropein and/or metabolite thereof and quercetin and/or derivative for maintenance of joint health or prevention or treatment of joint disorders in an individual. In particular, the invention relates to a composition comprising an effective amount of a combination of oleuropein and/or metabolite thereof and quercetin and/or derivative for use to prevent or treat cartilage degeneration in an individual.

Abstract: Composition comprising a combination of oleuropein or metabolite thereof and quercetin or derivative thereof are provided. The composition may be an oral nutritional composition, for example a nutritional supplement, an oral nutritional supplement, a food product, a food for special medical purpose (FSMP). The composition can be administered to an individual in need thereof for improving a physiological state linked to metabolic fatigue in one or more cells, (ii) increasing mitochondrial energy and mitochondrial calcium uptake in one or more cells, and (iii) increasing antioxidant capacity, reducing oxidative stress and/or enhancing mitochondrial function, (iv) treating or preventing a calcium deficiency/depletion disorder in an individual. Additionally, or alternatively, the method can treat or prevent a mitochondria-related disease or a condition associated with altered mitochondrial function in an individual in need thereof or at risk thereof.

Abstract: Composition containing Nicotinamide and vitamin B6 are provided. The composition may be an oral nutritional composition, for example a nutritional supplement, an oral nutritional supplement, a food product, a food for special medical purpose (FSMP). The composition can be administered to an individual in need thereof for treating muscle injury, and/or promoting muscle repair, improving skeletal muscle regeneration, maintaining or increasing skeletal muscle function and/or skeletal muscle mass in an individual with muscle injury.

Abstract: A composition contains Nicotinamide and Vitamin B6, for example pyridoxine. The composition may be an oral nutritional composition, for example an infant formula, a follow up formula, a nutritional supplement, an oral nutritional supplement, a food product. The composition can be administered to an individual in need thereof for promoting muscle growth and/or for maintaining and/or increasing muscle function and/or muscle mass in infants and children. For example, the composition can be useful for increasing muscle function and/or muscle mass by modulating muscle stem cells.

Abstract: A composition contains Nicotinamide and pyridoxine. The composition may be an oral nutritional composition, for example a nutritional supplement, an oral nutritional supplement, a food product, a food for special medical purpose (FSMP). The composition can be administered to an individual in need thereof orally or intravenously for preventing and/or treating sarcopenia, physical frailty, a loss of and/or improving skeletal muscle mass, lean muscle mass, skeletal muscle strength and/or skeletal muscle function.

Abstract: Composition containing Nicotinamide and vitamin B6 are provided. The composition may be an oral nutritional composition, for example a nutritional supplement, an oral nutritional supplement, a food product, a food for special medical purpose (FSMP). The composition can be administered to an individual in need thereof for preventing and/or treating precachexia and/or cachexia, and/or promoting muscle repair, and/or improving skeletal muscle regeneration, and/or maintaining or increasing skeletal muscle function and/or skeletal muscle mass in an individual with cachexia or precachexia.

Abstract: The present invention relates in general to the field of muscle disease. In particular, the invention relates to a method for determining if a subject has sarcopenia or has an increased risk of developing sarcopenia. A method of predicting the responsiveness of said subject to nutritional intervention is also provided.

Abstract: Compositions and methods can use a combination of an autophagy inducer, such as spermidine, and high protein for induction of autophagy in an individual in need thereof. Preferably, a formulation containing a combination of an autophagy inducer and high protein is administered to the individual in an amount effective to induce autophagy, for example in muscle. The formulation can concomitantly promote protein synthesis and removal of damaged cellular materials. The recipient of administration can be a critically ill patient, for example a patient in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU), and/or an ageing patient, for example an elderly individual or an individual with sarcopenia.

Abstract: A method of preventing or treating muscle fatigue from exercise and/or for resistance to muscle fatigue from exercise, the method including orally administering at least one of oleuropein or metabolite thereof to an individual before, during and/or after the exercise. A unit dosage form contains at least one of oleuropein or metabolite thereof in an amount effective for administration of the unit dosage form before, during and/or after exercise to thereby prevent or treat muscle fatigue from the exercise and/or for resistance to muscle fatigue from exercise. A method of making a composition for preventing or treating muscle fatigue from exercise and/or for resistance to muscle fatigue from exercise, the method including adding an effective amount of at least one of oleuropein or metabolite thereof to at least one ingredient selected from the group consisting of protein, carbohydrate, and fat.

Abstract: A composition contains one or more aromatic amino acids and optionally vitamin B6. The composition may be an oral nutritional composition, for example a nutritional supplement, an oral nutritional supplement, a food product, a food for special medical purpose (FSMP). The composition can be in a form of a powder, a powdered stick, a capsule or a solution. The composition can be administered to an individual in need thereof orally or intravenously for preventing and/or treating sarcopenia, a loss of and/or improving skeletal muscle mass, lean muscle mass, skeletal muscle strength and/or skeletal muscle function.

Abstract: A composition effective for restoring mitochondrial and other cellular function and/or increasing mitochondrial energy in one or more cells contains adenosylcobalamin. Other aspects are directed to method of improving in a physiological state linked to metabolic fatigue in one or more cells and/or reducing fatigue in an individual; method of treating, reducing an incidence of, and/or reducing a severity of a chronic illness and/or of a mitochondria-related disease or condition associated with altered mitochondrial function or a reduced mitochondrial density.

Abstract: A method of potentiating musculoskeletal effect of one or more anabolic amino acids in an individual in need thereof can include administering to the individual in need thereof a composition containing the one or more anabolic amino acids, the composition also containing one or more autophagy-inducing compounds in a total amount effective for the composition to be at least neutral regarding autophagy. In another aspect, a method of overcoming one or more negative effects of one or more anabolic amino acids by preventing degenerative processes related to loss of autophagy can include administering to an individual in need thereof a composition containing the one or more anabolic amino acids, the composition further containing the one or more autophagy-inducing compounds in a total amount effective for the composition to be at least neutral regarding autophagy.

Abstract: A method of potentiating musculoskeletal effect of one or more anabolic amino acids in an individual in need thereof can include administering to the individual in need thereof a composition containing the one or more anabolic amino acids, the composition also containing one or more autophagy-inducing amino acids in a total amount effective for the composition to be at least neutral regarding autophagy. In another aspect, a method of overcoming one or more negative effects of one or more anabolic amino acids by preventing degenerative processes related to loss of autophagy can include administering to an individual in need thereof a composition containing the one or more anabolic amino acids, the composition further containing the one or more autophagy-inducing amino acids in a total amount effective for the composition to be at least neutral regarding autophagy.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compositions and methods for preventing or treating skeletal muscle conditions or dis- eases. The present invention also relates to compositions and methods that help to increase NAD+levels in skeletal muscle. Preferably, the present invention relates to compositions and methods that use trigonelline and minerals selected from the group consisting of: calcium, magnesium, sodium and/or potassium for preventing or treating skeletal muscle conditions or diseases. The recipient of the compositions of the invention can be, for example, an elderly individual or an individual with sarcopenia or an individual in need of the compositions and methods of the invention for recovery of skeletal muscles, for example, after exercise, muscle injury or surgery.

Abstract: A combination of calcium and at least one of oleuropein or metabolite thereof can be orally administered to an individual in an amount effective to decrease muscle fatigue in an individual who participates in at least one of 1) resistance exercise, 2) anaerobic or repeated sprint-type exercise, or 3) endurance exercise. Preferably, the combination of calcium and at least one of oleuropein or metabolite thereof is administered to the individual less than two hours before the exercise, and/or during the exercise, and/or less than two hours after the exercise.

Abstract: The present invention relates to myostatin antagonists, for the treatment of cancer cachexia, and cancer cachexia due to chemotherapeutic treatment Especially, the myostatin antagonist bimagrumab was found to be beneficial in the treatment of cancer cachexia by reducing body weight loss. The present invention also relates to combinations and uses of a myostatin antagonist and an mTOR inhibitor for treating cancer cachexia by reducing, maintaining or increasing body weight loss or for use in treating age-related conditions.

Abstract: A method of preventing or treating muscle fatigue from exercise and/or for resistance to muscle fatigue from exercise, the method including orally administering at least one of oleuropein or metabolite thereof to an individual before, during and/or after the exercise. A unit dosage form contains at least one of oleuropein or metabolite thereof in an amount effective for administration of the unit dosage form before, during and/or after exercise to thereby prevent or treat muscle fatigue from the exercise and/or for resistance to muscle fatigue from exercise. A method of making a composition for preventing or treating muscle fatigue from exercise and/or for resistance to muscle fatigue from exercise, the method including adding an effective amount of at least one of oleuropein or metabolite thereof to at least one ingredient selected from the group consisting of protein, carbohydrate, and fat.

Abstract: An in vitro method of producing a population of muscle stem cells comprising co-culturing pluripotent stem cells, embryonic fibroblast cells and endothelial cells in 3D cell culture.

Abstract: Compositions consist essentially of trigonelline or consist of trigonelline. The compositions can be used in food or beverage applications, pharmaceutical formulations, or as a dietary supplement. The compositions can be administered to a mammal to promote the increase of intracellular levels of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (“NAD+”) in cells and tissues for improving cell and tissue survival or overall cell and tissue health. Preferably, NAD+ biosynthesis is increased in one or more cells of a mammal, for example one or more cells that are part of at least one body part selected from the group consisting of a liver, a kidney, a brain, and a skeletal muscle.