Abstract: Apparatus and methods for attenuating environmental interference are described. A wearable monitoring apparatus includes a housing configured to be attached to the body of a subject and a sensor module that includes an energy emitter that directs energy at a target region of the subject, a detector that detects an energy response signal—or physiological condition—from the subject, a filter that removes time-varying environmental interference from the energy response signal, and at least one processor that controls operations of the energy emitter, detector, and filter.

Abstract: A monitoring device includes a band capable of encircling a portion of the body of a subject, and an optical emitter and detector attached to the band. The band includes comprises light transmissive material in optical communication with the optical emitter and optical detector and is configured to deliver light from the optical emitter to one or more locations of the body of the subject and to collect light from one or more locations of the body of the subject and deliver the collected light to the optical detector. The monitoring device may include a signal processor configured to receive and process signals produced by the optical detector, a transmitter configured to transmit signals processed by the signal processor to a remote device, and/or an optical filter.

Abstract: Wearable apparatus for monitoring various physiological and environmental factors are provided. Real-time, noninvasive health and environmental monitors include a plurality of compact sensors integrated within small, low-profile devices, such as earpiece modules. Physiological and environmental data is collected and wirelessly transmitted into a wireless network, where the data is stored and/or processed.

Abstract: A monitoring apparatus includes a housing that is configured to be attached to a body of a subject. The housing includes a sensor region that is configured to contact a selected area of the body of the subject when the housing is attached to the body of the subject. The sensor region is contoured to matingly engage the selected body area. The apparatus includes at least one physiological sensor that is associated with the sensor region and that detects and/or measures physiological information from the subject and/or at least one environmental sensor associated with the sensor region that is configured to detect and/or measure environmental information. The sensor region contour stabilizes the physiological and/or environmental sensor(s) relative to the selected body area such that subject motion does not impact detection and/or measurement efforts of the sensor(s).

Abstract: A method of generating a character for use within a game includes collecting physiological information from a subject over a period of time via a monitor worn by the subject, collecting environmental information from a vicinity of the subject over the period of time via the monitor, generating a health assessment of the subject based on the physiological and environmental information, and creating a gaming character for the subject using the physiological information, the environmental information, and the health assessment. The physiological information includes at least one of breathing rate, muscle tension, neurological activity, brain wave intensity and activity, core body temperature, pulse rate, and blood pressure. The environmental information includes at least one of light intensity, light color, external sounds, ambient temperature, and geographical location.

Abstract: Apparatus, systems, and methods for measuring environmental exposure and physiological response thereto are provided. A monitoring apparatus worn by a subject includes a physiological sensor that detects physiological information from the subject, an environmental exposure sensor that detects at least one airborne analyte in a vicinity of the subject, and a processor. The processor processes signals produced by the environmental exposure sensor and calculates a volumetric concentration of the least one airborne analyte. In addition, the processor process signals produced by the at least one physiological sensor to determine a physiological response of the subject to the at least one airborne analyte. The apparatus also includes a motion sensor and the processor calculates a distance traveled by the subject via signals produced by the motion sensor and calculates a volume of air to which the subject has been exposed using the distance traveled by the subject.

Abstract: A method of monitoring a subject includes attaching a sensor module having at least one optical emitter and detector to a body of the subject, delivering light from the at least one optical emitter into the body of the subject via a first light guide that is in optical communication with the at least one optical emitter, and collecting light from the body of the subject via a second light guide that is in optical communication with the at least one optical detector. The first light guide has a proximal end optically coupled to the at least one optical emitter and delivers light from the at least one optical emitter via a distal end thereof. The second light guide has a proximal end optically coupled to the at least one optical detector and collects light from the body of the subject via the distal end thereof.

Abstract: A monitoring device includes a housing configured to be attached to a body of a subject. An optical emitter, optical detector, and sensor for measuring motion noise are located within the housing. Light transmissive material is in optical communication with the optical emitter and detector and is configured to deliver light from the optical emitter to one or more locations of the body of the subject and to collect light external to the housing and deliver the collected light to the detector. A signal processor is configured to receive and process signals produced by the optical detector and the motion noise sensor, and to remove noise from the signals produced by the optical detector. The signal processor may generate physiological parameters for the subject such as heart rate, blood flow, blood pressure, VO2max, heart rate variability, respiration rate, and blood gas/analyte level.

Abstract: Systems and methods of providing targeted advertising are provided. Physiological information is collected from a wearable monitoring device attached to a body of a first subject over a period of time, such as multiple days, weeks, or months. Exemplary physiological information includes pulse rate information, body temperature information, breathing rate information, blood pressure information, cardiac output information, and blood gas level information. The collected physiological information is analyzed to generate a profile for the first subject. At least one advertisement is selected in response to the profile, and presented to a second subject not wearing a monitoring device, wherein the first and second subjects have at least one matching demographic.

Abstract: A sensor module for detecting and/or measuring physiological information from a subject includes a housing with at least one optical emitter and at least one optical detector supported by the housing. A first light guide is in optical communication with the at least one optical emitter and is configured to deliver light from the at least one optical emitter into a body of a subject. A second light guide is in optical communication with the at least one optical detector and is configured to collect light from the body of the subject. The sensor module includes a motion sensor and a processor. The motion sensor is configured to sense motion information from the subject and the processor is configured to remove motion artifacts from signals produced by the at least one optical detector in response to signals produced by the motion sensor.

Abstract: Wearable apparatus for monitoring various physiological and environmental factors are provided. Real-time, noninvasive health and environmental monitors include a plurality of compact sensors integrated within small, low-profile devices, such as earpiece modules. Physiological and environmental data is collected and wirelessly transmitted into a wireless network, where the data is stored and/or processed.

Abstract: A method of monitoring a subject via an earbud module includes positioning the earbud module within an ear of the subject such that a sensor region thereof matingly engages a region of the ear at the intersection of the anti tragus and acoustic meatus and is oriented in a direction away from the ear canal. Physiological information is then detected and/or measured via the optical sensor. The optical sensor includes an optical emitter and an optical detector, and detecting and/or measuring physiological information about the subject includes directing optical energy at the ear region via the optical emitter and detecting optical energy absorbed, scattered, and/or reflected by the ear region via the optical detector. Environmental information in a vicinity of the subject may be monitored via an environmental sensor associated with the earbud module and subject motion may be monitored via a motion sensor associated with the earbud module.

Abstract: Wearable apparatus for monitoring various physiological and environmental factors are provided. Real-time, noninvasive health and environmental monitors include a plurality of compact sensors integrated within small, low-profile devices, such as earpiece modules. Physiological and environmental data is collected and wirelessly transmitted into a wireless network, where the data is stored and/or processed.

Abstract: Wearable apparatus for monitoring various physiological and environmental factors are provided. Real-time, noninvasive health and environmental monitors include a plurality of compact sensors integrated within small, low-profile devices, such as earpiece modules. Physiological and environmental data is collected and wirelessly transmitted into a wireless network, where the data is stored and/or processed.

Abstract: A monitoring device configured to be attached to the ear of a person includes a base, an earbud housing extending outwardly from the base that is configured to be positioned within an ear of a subject, and a cover surrounding the earbud housing. The base includes a speaker, an optical emitter, and an optical detector. The cover includes light transmissive material that is in optical communication with the optical emitter and the optical detector and serves as a light guide to deliver light from the optical emitter into the ear canal of the subject wearing the device at one or more predetermined locations and to collect light external to the earbud housing and deliver the collected light to the optical detector.

Abstract: A monitoring device includes a housing configured to be attached to a body of a subject. An optical emitter, optical detector, and sensor for measuring motion noise are located within the housing. Light transmissive material is in optical communication with the optical emitter and detector and is configured to deliver light from the optical emitter to one or more locations of the body of the subject and to collect light external to the housing and deliver the collected light to the detector. A signal processor is configured to receive and process signals produced by the optical detector and the motion noise sensor, and to remove noise from the signals produced by the optical detector. The signal processor may generate physiological parameters for the subject such as heart rate, blood flow, blood pressure, VO2max, heart rate variability, respiration rate, and blood gas/analyte level.

Abstract: A monitoring device includes a band capable of encircling a portion of the body of a subject, and an optical emitter and detector attached to the band. The band includes comprises light transmissive material in optical communication with the optical emitter and optical detector and is configured to deliver light from the optical emitter to one or more locations of the body of the subject and to collect light from one or more locations of the body of the subject and deliver the collected light to the optical detector. The monitoring device may include a signal processor configured to receive and process signals produced by the optical detector, a transmitter configured to transmit signals processed by the signal processor to a remote device, and/or an optical filter.

Abstract: A method of generating a data string containing physiological and motion-related information includes sensing physical activity of a subject via at least one motion sensor attached to the subject, sensing physiological information from the subject via at least one photoplethysmography (PPG) sensor attached to the subject, and processing signals from the at least one motion sensor and signals from the at least one PPG sensor into a serial data string of physiological information and motion-related information. A plurality of subject physiological parameters can be extracted from the physiological information, and a plurality of subject physical activity parameters can be extracted from the motion-related information.

Abstract: A monitoring apparatus includes a wearable electronic device having an audio port and a headset having at least one earbud, at least one physiological and/or environmental sensor, and circuitry that processes signals produced by the at least one physiological and/or environmental sensor and transmits the processed signals to the electronic device via the audio port. The headset may include a microphone in audio communication with the electronic device via the audio port, and the circuitry modulates audio signals produced by the microphone and signals produced by the at least one physiological and/or environmental sensor for transmission to the electronic device via the audio port. The circuitry may power the at least one physiological and/or environmental sensor via power supplied by the electronic device through the audio port and may include a processor that coordinates collection, modulation, and/or transmission of signals produced by the at least one physiological and/or environmental sensor.