Abstract: Disclosed is a semiconductor device. The semiconductor device includes a lower electrode disposed on a substrate; a first lower interfacial film disposed on the lower electrode; a dielectric film disposed on the first lower interfacial film; a first upper interfacial film disposed on the dielectric film; and an upper electrode disposed on the first upper interfacial film, wherein each of the first lower interfacial film and the first upper interfacial film is a conductive single film, and the first lower interfacial film and the first upper interfacial film include the same metal element, wherein electronegativity of the metal element included in each of the first lower interfacial film and the first upper interfacial film is greater than electronegativity of a metal element included in the dielectric film.

Abstract: A walking assistance system may be controlled by a method for controlling the same. The walking assistance system comprises an mobility device movable by a first driving part, a walking assistance robot, comprising one or more joint parts, and movable by a second driving part, and a controller that is configured to drive one or more of the first driving part or the second driving part so as to control the mobility device and the walking assistance robot to move in coordination with each other. The electric mobility device and the walking assistance robot may be moved to adjust a relative horizontal location between the mobility device and the walking assistance robot and to adjust a relative vertical location between the mobility device and the walking assistance robot, and controlling a total distance between the mobility device and the walking assistance robot to a reference distance.

Abstract: Provided are a method and an apparatus for providing a secure message service. The method according to some embodiments includes inquiring a public key of a counterpart user to be invited to a chat room, generating an encryption key related to the chat room using the inquired public key and a private key of a chat room opening user, and transmitting the encryption key to be delivered to a terminal of the counterpart user.

Abstract: Provided are a pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating inflammatory disease, autoimmune disease, graft rejection responses, or combinations thereof, the pharmaceutical composition including a compound represented by Formula 1, or a stereoisomer, derivative, solvate, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a method using the pharmaceutical composition. The pharmaceutical composition and the method can be used to effectively prevent or treat inflammatory disease, autoimmune disease, graft rejection responses, or combinations thereof.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method for manufacturing a secondary battery pouch film having at least an outer layer, a metal layer, a primer layer, and a sealant layer, or at least an outer layer, a metal layer, a primer layer, a melt-extrusion resin layer, and a sealant layer in this order, the method including: a drying process of applying and heating a primer layer composition on the metal layer so as to dry the primer layer composition and cure at least a part of the primer layer composition. The organic solvent-based emulsion composition contains acid-modified polypropylene and a curing agent and has a curing start temperature of 150° C. or lower, preferably 135° C. to 150° C., and a drying process temperature of 150° C. or lower, preferably 135° C. to 150° C. The method is not subjected to a thermal lamination process when laminating sealant layer.

Abstract: A hopper and method for transferring raw material, which can prevent segregation due to the impact caused by falling of the raw material powder when different types of raw material powders are transferred. The hopper for a raw material powder according to one embodiment of the present disclosure includes: a hopper body having an inner space in which the raw material powder is stored and including an outlet which is formed through the lower end thereof and through which the raw material powder is discharged; a transfer pipe to which the raw material powder discharged through the outlet is transferred and which has a region, through which the raw material powder is transferred, divided into a plurality of regions; and a slide gate unit disposed between the outlet and the transfer pipe to open or close the transfer pipe while adjusting a degree of opening of the transfer pipe.

Abstract: A drive motor includes an inverter housing mounted therein, which couples an inverter housing to the top or side of a drive motor frame, wherein the inverter coupling bracket includes an inverter housing surface-contacting frame in which support gaps of first and second floor frames, surface-contacting the circumferential surface of a flange coupled to one end of the drive motor frame and the circumferential surface of a bracket coupled to the other end of the drive motor frame in the longitudinal direction, are integrally formed, and an arc-shaped drive motor frame circumferential surface-contacting portion is formed on the lower surface of the inverter housing surface-contacting frame, fixing pieces inclined inward are formed at the left and right ends of the first and second floor frames, respectively, and a fixing protruding piece is formed at each of the front and rear ends of the inverter housing surface-contacting frame.

Abstract: The present invention provides polyester and a method for preparing same, the polyester including a repeating unit derived from dihydroxyalkyl tetrahydrofuran obtained from biomass; and a repeating unit derived from short-branched aliphatic dicarboxylic acid. Thus, the polyester has a carbon reduction effect and may be utilized as a novel biomass polyethylene terephthalate (PET) for packaging, by having excellent transparency, impact resistance, flexibility and elastic modulus compared to conventional PET.

Abstract: In a method for recovering active metals of a lithium secondary battery according to an embodiment, a cathode active material mixture is collected from the cathode of the lithium secondary battery, the cathode active material mixture is reduced by a reducing reaction to prepare a preliminary precursor mixture, an aqueous lithium precursor solution is formed from the preliminary precursor mixture, and an aluminum-containing material is removed from the aqueous lithium precursor solution with an aluminum removing resin.

Abstract: Provided is a heterogeneous catalyst for preparing a dicarboxylic acid aromatic heterocyclic compound, the heterogeneous catalyst including an active metal; and a basic metal oxide carrier capable of carrying the active metal and forming a complex by coordinate bonding with the dicarboxylic acid aromatic heterocyclic compound.

Abstract: An embodiment system includes a walking assistance device configured to be worn by a user to assist walking of the user, an electric mobility device configured to be movable while being combined with the walking assistance device, and a server configured to receive movement information from the walking assistance device and the electric mobility device and to generate a control command for instructing the walking assistance device or the electric mobility device to move to a destination based on the movement information.

Abstract: A magnetic catheter is disclosed. The magnetic catheter comprises: a first fixed magnet which is coupled to the front end of a catheter tube; a guide rod of which one end is coupled to the front end of the catheter tube, and the other end protrudes to the front of the catheter tube by a predetermined length; a body which is provided with a drill tip on the front end thereof, and has formed therein an inner space in which the other end of the guide rod is positioned; and a first drive magnet which is coupled to the body along the outer peripheral surface of the body.

Abstract: Provided is a method for generating a hollow structure of a 3D model on the basis of a 2D laminated cross-sectional outline to reduce the amount of using a material or the weight of a printed matter during laminating and manufacturing. The method for generating a hollow structure based on a 2D laminated cross-sectional outline, according to an embodiment of the present invention, comprises the steps of: slicing the 3D model; generating a hollow structure outline on the basis of the result of the slicing; detecting an overhang area between adjacent hollow structure outlines; recalculating the hollow structure outline according to the result of detecting the overhang area; and generating a hollow structure mesh on the basis of the recalculated hollow structure outline. Accordingly, because 2D laminated cross-sectional data is used, a hollow structure can be generated without separate data processing, thereby reducing a calculation burden.

Abstract: Provided are a composition and a method for promoting differentiation of neural stem cells into dopaminergic neurons, the composition including fusaric acid, ascorbic acid, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, or a combination thereof. The composition and method according to an aspect may not only increase differentiation of neural stem cells isolated at an early stage of development into dopaminergic neurons, but also increase differentiation of subcultured neural stem cells into dopaminergic neurons, and thus, it is possible to secure more dopaminergic neurons, and increase therapeutic effects on Parkinson's disease.

Abstract: Some example embodiments relate to a semiconductor device and a semiconductor package. The semiconductor package includes a substrate including a conductive layer, an insulating layer coating the substrate, the insulating layer including an opening exposing at least part of the conductive layer, and an under-bump metal layer electrically connected to the at least part of the conductive layer exposed through the opening, wherein the insulating layer includes at least one recess adjacent to the opening, and the under-bump metal layer fills the at least one recess. The semiconductor device and the semiconductor package may have improved drop test characteristics and impact resistance.

Abstract: A catalyst containing mixed transition metal compounds is disclosed. The catalyst is capable of producing various polyolefins having excellent processability and mechanical properties. A polyolefin prepared using the catalyst and processes for preparing the polyolefin are disclosed. In the preparation process, it is possible to conveniently prepare a catalyst for olefin polymerization including mixed transition metal compounds by readily adjusting the ratio of the transition metal compounds.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a substrate with first and second surfaces, a first test pad on the first surface of the substrate, a first bump pad on the first surface of the substrate and spaced apart from the first test pad in a first direction, a second bump pad on the first surface of the substrate and spaced apart from the first bump pad, a second test pad on the first surface of the substrate and spaced apart from the second bump pad in the first direction, a first wiring layer in the first direction and electrically connecting the first test pad to the first bump pad, a second wiring layer in the first direction, spaced apart from the first wiring layer, and electrically connecting the second test pad to the second bump pad, and a first bump connected to each of the first and second bump pads.

Abstract: Provided are a method of preparing a stem cell-derived epidermal progenitor cell conditioned medium, the method including: differentiating stem cells to stem cell-derived epidermal progenitor cells by culturing the stem cells in a differentiation medium containing ascorbic acid and hydrocortisone; producing a culture of stem cell-derived epidermal progenitor cells by culturing the differentiated stem cell-derived epidermal progenitor cells in a medium; and recovering the stem cell-derived epidermal progenitor cell conditioned medium from the culture of the stem cell-derived epidermal progenitor cells, a stem cell-derived epidermal progenitor cell conditioned medium prepared by the method, and a method of producing a protein from stem cell-derived epidermal progenitor cells, the method including the method of preparing the stem cell-derived epidermal progenitor cell conditioned medium.

Abstract: In a method for recovering an active metal of a lithium secondary battery, a preliminary cathode active material mixture is prepared from a cathode of a waste lithium secondary battery, the preliminary cathode active material mixture is fluidized through oxygen-containing gas within a fluidized bed reactor to form a cathode active material mixture, reductive gas is injected into the fluidized bed reactor to form a preliminary precursor mixture from the cathode active material mixture, and a lithium precursor is recovered from the preliminary precursor mixture.