Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for managing rule based on informal data are provided, one of methods comprises, receiving, by a rule management apparatus, informal data representing a rule, analyzing, by the rule management apparatus, the informal data, generating, by the rule management apparatus, formal data that can be processed by a rule engine of the rule management apparatus, using results of the analysis of the informal data, selecting, by the rule management apparatus, one or more items to be corrected for setting the rule from the formal data with reference to a target thesaurus relevant to the rule and processing, by the rule management apparatus, the formal data with the selected items corrected, using the rule engine.

Abstract: Disclosed is a stack for simulating a cell voltage reversal behavior in a fuel cell. The stack is configured to have a structure in which a separator of a portion of a plurality of cells in the stack have an inlet of a hydrogen flow field partially blocked to induce hydrogen starvation only in the portion of the plurality of cells.

Abstract: Disclosed is a pinhole inspection apparatus, system and method for a membrane electrode assembly of a fuel cell, which can easily detect the position of a pinhole using water and a pH test paper from discoloration caused when the water is in contact with the pH test paper through the pinhole, thus solving the existing problems and allowing the membrane electrode assembly to be reused after the inspection. In particular, a lower fixture is configured to support the membrane electrode assembly and water is uniformly distributed on an upper surface of the membrane electrode assembly. A pH test paper is inserted between the membrane electrode assembly and the lower fixture and discolored upon coming in contact with water that passes through a pinhole in the membrane electrode assembly, thus detecting the presence and position of the pinhole.

Abstract: A membrane-electrode assembly (MEA) for fuel cells includes an electricity-generating array including an anode, a cathode, and an electrolyte membrane. A subgasket array includes an anode subgasket surrounding a periphery of the anode and a cathode subgasket surrounding a periphery of the cathode. A junction array includes a polar junction and a nonpolar junction surrounding a periphery of the electrolyte membrane and attaching the anode subgasket and the cathode subgasket to each other.

Abstract: Disclosed is a stack for simulating a cell voltage reversal behavior in a fuel cell. The stack is configured to have a structure in which a separator of a portion of a plurality of cells in the stack have an inlet of a hydrogen flow field partially blocked to induce hydrogen starvation only in the portion of the plurality of cells.

Abstract: Disclosed is a pinhole inspection apparatus, system and method for a membrane electrode assembly of a fuel cell, which can easily detect the position of a pinhole using water and a pH test paper from discoloration caused when the water is in contact with the pH test paper through the pinhole, thus solving the existing problems and allowing the membrane electrode assembly to be reused after the inspection. In particular, a lower fixture is configured to support the membrane electrode assembly and water is uniformly distributed on an upper surface of the membrane electrode assembly. A pH test paper is inserted between the membrane electrode assembly and the lower fixture and discolored upon coming in contact with water that passes through a pinhole in the membrane electrode assembly, thus detecting the presence and position of the pinhole.

Abstract: The present invention provides an apparatus and method for non-destructive measurement of bending stiffness of a gas diffusion layer (GDL) for a fuel cell by measuring a sagging length of a GDL sample, which can be used for a fuel cell, without damaging or destroying the GDL sample.

Abstract: A method of clamping a fuel cell stack includes a stack preliminary clamping step, a stack pre-treatment step of performing a gas flow rate variation cycle or a clamping pressure variation cycle, wherein the gas flow rate variation cycle repeatedly changes a flow rate of a gas supplied to an anode and a cathode included in the preliminarily clamped stack, and wherein the clamping pressure variation cycle repeatedly increases and decreases the clamping pressure by pressurization and pressure release of the preliminarily clamped stack using the pressure tool, and a stack main clamping step of correcting a variation in clamping pressure occurring due to a variation in thickness of a gas diffusion layer to mainly clamp the stack after the stack pre-treatment step.

Abstract: The present invention provides an apparatus and method for non-destructive measurement of bending stiffness of a gas diffusion layer (GDL) for a fuel cell by measuring a sagging length of a GDL sample, which can be used for a fuel cell, without damaging or destroying the GDL sample.

Abstract: When a multi-step process reaction is carried out in a solution, it generally requires several treatments and purification procedures to go through with after the reaction, however, the inventive method for preparing 2,2?-disubstituted-3,4-dihydro-7,8-disubstituted-6-amino benzopyran derivative using a solid-phased synthetic method simplifies the treatment and purification procedures after the reaction, which makes possible to efficiently construct numerous drug-like libraries.

Abstract: When a multi-step process reaction is carried out in a solution, it generally requires several treatments and purification procedures to go through with after the reaction, however, the inventive method for preparing 2,2?-disubstituted-3,4-dihydro-7,8-disubstituted-6-amino benzopyran derivative using a solid-phased synthetic method simplifies the treatment and purification procedures after the reaction, which makes possible to efficiently construct numerous drug-like libraries.