Abstract: In one example, an electronic device comprises a substrate comprising a dielectric structure and a conductive structure, a first electronic component over a top side of the substrate and coupled with the conductive structure, a lid over the first electronic component and coupled with a top side of the substrate, wherein the lid comprises a top plate having a plurality of holes, and a covering material covering a lateral side of the first electronic component and extending between the top side of the substrate and a bottom side of the top plate of the lid. Other examples and related methods are also disclosed herein.

Abstract: In one example, an electronic device includes a substrate including a substrate first side, a substrate second side, and a conductive structure. An electronic component includes a component first side coupled to the conductive structure at the substrate first side, a component second side, and a component lateral side connecting the component first side to the component second side. A lid structure includes a first lid having a first lid side wall coupled to the substrate and a first lid top coupled to the first lid side wall and an opening over the component second side. The lid structure includes second lid with a second lid top coupled to the first lid top and a lid channel coupled to the opening. A thermal interface material is within the opening and covers at least a portion of the component second side. Other examples and related methods are also disclosed herein.

Abstract: A cooling structure includes a plurality of bars arranged separately from each other and configured to press a battery cell, a support configured to support the plurality of bars, flow paths defined by a first surface of the battery cell and one pair of neighboring bars, and configured to guide a flow of a cooling medium, with the cooling medium being in direct contact with the first surface of the battery cell, and a separation wall provided in at least one of the flow paths and being configured to separate each of the at least one flow path into sub-flow paths.

Abstract: A cooling structure includes a plurality of bars spaced apart from each other and configured to extend along a first surface of a battery cell; a support configured to support the plurality of bars; and a plurality of flow paths defined by the first surface of the battery cell and a pair of adjacent bars of the plurality of bars, the plurality of flow paths being configured to guide flow of a coolant in contact with the first surface of the battery cell.

Abstract: A method to control a battery temperature includes: determining state difference information of a first battery, among batteries, based on state information of the first battery and average state information of the batteries; calculating a first output value of a first converter corresponding to the first battery based on the determined state difference information; and controlling a charging and discharging process of the batteries to cause the first converter to generate a power flow based on the calculated first output value.

Abstract: A cooling structure includes a plurality of bars arranged separately from each other and configured to press a battery cell, a support configured to support the plurality of bars, flow paths defined by a first surface of the battery cell and one pair of neighboring bars, and configured to guide a flow of a cooling medium, with the cooling medium being in direct contact with the first surface of the battery cell, and a separation wall provided in at least one of the flow paths and being configured to separate each of the at least one flow path into sub-flow paths.

Abstract: A cooling device includes a direct liquid cooling medium and a plurality of heat transferrers. The direct liquid cooling medium is configured to directly contact and absorb heat from a plurality of battery modules included in a battery pack. The plurality of heat transferrers, each respectively disposed between the battery modules, is configured to absorb heat generated in a portion of each of the battery modules through an internal cooling medium.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a heat source device and a substrate processing apparatus including same. The substrate processing apparatus includes: a chamber having an inner space in which a substrate is processed; a substrate support provided inside the chamber and supporting the substrate; and a heat source device including a supporting body provided in at least one side of the chamber, and a heat source unit provided parallel to the substrate support so as to heat the substrate. The heat source unit is provided with a first light transmission conduit connected to the supporting body, a heat source provided inside the first light transmission conduit, and a first cooling conduit provided inside the first light transmission conduit while being spaced apart from the heat source, and having a first spraying hole to spray a cooling gas. The temperature of the substrate may be efficiently controlled.

Abstract: A battery charging method and apparatus are provided. The battery charging method includes determining a number of charging ports to charge a battery based on a determined state of the battery, and charging the battery using the number of charging ports.

Abstract: A processor-implemented method to detect a battery fault includes obtaining first states of detection targets in a battery, generating a representative state based on the first states, generating second states by applying the representative state to each of the first states, generating one or more third states by amplifying at least a portion of the second states, and detecting for a fault of the battery based on the one or more third states.

Abstract: A cooling device and a battery apparatus including the cooling device is provided. The cooling device includes a heat transfer body configured to be in contact with at least a portion of the battery pack to absorb heat from the portion of the battery pack through a first coolant included in the heat transfer body and a cooling flow path disposed relative to the heat transfer body, and configured to cool the heat absorbed from the heat transfer body through a second coolant included in the cooling flow path.

Abstract: A cooling structure includes a plurality of bars spaced apart from each other and configured to extend along a first surface of a battery cell; a support configured to support the plurality of bars; and a plurality of flow paths defined by the first surface of the battery cell and a pair of adjacent bars of the plurality of bars, the plurality of flow paths being configured to guide flow of a coolant in contact with the first surface of the battery cell.

Abstract: A molten metal level measuring device in a continuous molten metal level measuring device uses temperature compensation. The device includes a cylindrical bobbin, a liquid level measuring unit helically wound around an outer surface of the bobbin, a circular inner cylinder in which the bobbin and the liquid level measuring part are located and which seals the bobbin and the liquid level measuring part from the outside and has the same axial direction as the bobbin, and a cylindrical protective tube in which the inner cylinder is located and which has the same axial direction as the bobbin and has one open end. Thermocouples extend axially in the space between the inner cylinder and the protective tube, and a control unit controls the liquid level measuring part to measure a liquid level of the molten metal based on the temperatures measured by the thermocouples.

Abstract: A Liquid crystal display device and manufacturing method thereof are provided. According to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, an LCD device includes: a first substrate including a display area and a non-display area disposed outside of the display area; a gate electrode disposed on the first substrate and including a first-layer gate electrode and a second-layer gate electrode disposed on the first-layer gate electrode; a pixel electrode disposed on the same layer as the first-layer gate electrode; a source electrode and a drain electrode disposed on the gate electrode to be spaced from each other; and a contact connecting the drain electrode and the pixel electrode and including a first-layer contact, which is disposed on the same layer as the pixel electrode, and a second-layer contact, which is disposed on the first-layer contact.

Abstract: A battery thermal management method and apparatus are provided. The battery thermal management apparatus includes a first flow path of an air refrigerant to cool an upper portion of a battery, and a second flow path of a liquid refrigerant to cool a lower portion of the battery. The battery is cooled using either one or both of the air refrigerant and the liquid refrigerant.

Abstract: A battery charging method and apparatus are provided. The battery charging method includes determining a number of charging ports to charge a battery based on a determined state of the battery, and charging the battery using the number of charging ports.

Abstract: A molten metal level measuring device in a continuous molten metal level measuring device uses temperature compensation. The device includes a cylindrical bobbin, a liquid level measuring unit helically wound around an outer surface of the bobbin, a circular inner cylinder in which the bobbin and the liquid level measuring part are located and which seals the bobbin and the liquid level measuring part from the outside and has the same axial direction as the bobbin, and a cylindrical protective tube in which the inner cylinder is located and which has the same axial direction as the bobbin and has one open end. Thermocouples extend axially in the space between the inner cylinder and the protective tube, and a control unit controls the liquid level measuring part to measure a liquid level of the molten metal based on the temperatures measured by the thermocouples.

Abstract: A processor-implemented method to detect a battery fault includes obtaining first states of detection targets in a battery, generating a representative state based on the first states, generating second states by applying the representative state to each of the first states, generating one or more third states by amplifying at least a portion of the second states, and detecting for a fault of the battery based on the one or more third states.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a heat source device and a substrate processing apparatus including same. The substrate processing apparatus includes: a chamber having an inner space in which a substrate is processed; a substrate support provided inside the chamber and supporting the substrate; and a heat source device including a supporting body provided in at least one side of the chamber, and a heat source unit provided parallel to the substrate support so as to heat the substrate. The heat source unit is provided with a first light transmission conduit connected to the supporting body, a heat source provided inside the first light transmission conduit, and a first cooling conduit provided inside the first light transmission conduit while being spaced apart from the heat source, and having a first spraying hole to spray a cooling gas. The temperature of the substrate may be efficiently controlled.

Abstract: A group member management support system and method are disclosed for effectively supporting group member management such as analysis of psychological states of students in a school and figuring out friend relations of students accordingly. The group member management support system includes a database storing self-expression index representing psychology or feeling of each member of a group, an interface server receiving the self-expression index through a network from the member to store the self-expression index in the database, and a member's terminal receiving the self-expression index to transmit the self-expression index to the interface server through the network; and a manager's terminal requesting and receiving the self-expression index from the interface server through the network to display or output the self-expression index.