Abstract: A method to control a battery temperature includes: determining state difference information of a first battery, among batteries, based on state information of the first battery and average state information of the batteries; calculating a first output value of a first converter corresponding to the first battery based on the determined state difference information; and controlling a charging and discharging process of the batteries to cause the first converter to generate a power flow based on the calculated first output value.

Abstract: A computer-implemented system for optimizing cost of goods sold is configured to: receive supplier configuration data of a supplier associated with the at least one product, supplier configuration data being extracted from an agreement defining parameters associated with one or more tiers; receive an order history associated with the supplier; determine a current tier and current progress within the current tier based on the order history, the current tier being specified by the supplier configuration data; determine an additional quantity necessary to reach a next tier according to the supplier configuration data; determine one or more trade-off parameters affected by the additional quantity, the one or more trade-off parameters being determined by a computerized model simulating future customer demand; and transmit a request to initiate a new order for the additional quantity based on the one or more trade-off parameters.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a nail lacquer composition containing at least one antifungal agent as a pharmacologically active ingredient. The present invention has an excellent penetrating effect of a drug in skin areas where the drug is applied because of needing treatment and, specifically, in fingernails by containing a polymer material which forms a specific film, and a penetration enhance, is convenient for management after locally applying the drug to a treatment site, and has excellent storage stability of the drug.

Abstract: Provided is a cooking apparatus and method of controlling the cooking apparatus. The cooking apparatus includes a cooking chamber; a heating portion installed in the cooking chamber; and a smoking agent accommodation portion separably mounted on the heating portion and capable of accommodating a smoking agent.

Abstract: A grease filter, which includes a first channel having an inlet portion through which oil particles flow in, and a first guide unit configured to guide the oil particles flowing in through the inlet portion, and a second channel having an outlet portion through which the oil particles and air current flowing in through the inlet portion is discharged into the outside, and at least one second guide unit configured to guide the oil particles and air current to be discharged through the outlet portion. Here, the first channel and the second channel are detachably provided. The grease filter can be easily repaired and maintained, and collection efficiency can be improved due to such a configuration.

Abstract: An image device may include a clock generator to generate a first output clock of a first frequency, a link layer to generate a control signal for changing the first frequency and output first parallel data including first frame information, a detector to generate a collision avoidance command to change the first frequency to a second frequency during a vertical blanking time, and a frequency changer to receive the collision avoidance command from the detector and transmit a frequency change command to the link layer. The link layer transmits the control signal to the clock generator based on the frequency change command. The vertical blanking time is a time period from a first time point at which the first parallel data is not output from the link layer to a second time point at which second parallel data is output.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition containing extracellular vesicles derived from plant juice, wherein the extracellular vesicles have excellent skin condition-improving effects such as skin whitening, moisturizing and wrinkle reducing effects and exhibits an excellent effect of preventing hair loss by promotion of hair growth and regrowth, and the like.

Abstract: A method for controlling an in-vehicle user interface includes: providing a vehicle window that serves as an input/output module engaged with at least one of a computing device, a camera and a multimedia device; monitoring whether a change of an air pressure at a neighboring area of the vehicle window is beyond a predetermined threshold range; sensing a touch input via the vehicle window; and generating, in response to the change of the air pressure and the touch input, a control signal of the input/output module.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a 5G or pre-5G communication system to be provided for supporting a data rate higher than that of a 4G communication system, such as LTE, and subsequent communication systems. The present disclosure relates to a method for transmitting a reference signal (RS) in a wireless communication system, comprising the steps of: configuring a transmission resource by including at least one resource block (RB), which does not map the RS, between two RBs, which map the RS, in a first subframe; transmitting a first message for directing an RB offset indicating a gap between the two RBs, which map the RS, and locations of the RBs, which map the RS; and transmitting the RS through the configured transmission resource.

Abstract: A cooling structure includes a plurality of bars arranged separately from each other and configured to press a battery cell, a support configured to support the plurality of bars, flow paths defined by a first surface of the battery cell and one pair of neighboring bars, and configured to guide a flow of a cooling medium, with the cooling medium being in direct contact with the first surface of the battery cell, and a separation wall provided in at least one of the flow paths and being configured to separate each of the at least one flow path into sub-flow paths.

Abstract: A cooling device includes a direct liquid cooling medium and a plurality of heat transferrers. The direct liquid cooling medium is configured to directly contact and absorb heat from a plurality of battery modules included in a battery pack. The plurality of heat transferrers, each respectively disposed between the battery modules, is configured to absorb heat generated in a portion of each of the battery modules through an internal cooling medium.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a heat source device and a substrate processing apparatus including same. The substrate processing apparatus includes: a chamber having an inner space in which a substrate is processed; a substrate support provided inside the chamber and supporting the substrate; and a heat source device including a supporting body provided in at least one side of the chamber, and a heat source unit provided parallel to the substrate support so as to heat the substrate. The heat source unit is provided with a first light transmission conduit connected to the supporting body, a heat source provided inside the first light transmission conduit, and a first cooling conduit provided inside the first light transmission conduit while being spaced apart from the heat source, and having a first spraying hole to spray a cooling gas. The temperature of the substrate may be efficiently controlled.

Abstract: A battery charging method and apparatus are provided. The battery charging method includes determining a number of charging ports to charge a battery based on a determined state of the battery, and charging the battery using the number of charging ports.

Abstract: A processor-implemented method to detect a battery fault includes obtaining first states of detection targets in a battery, generating a representative state based on the first states, generating second states by applying the representative state to each of the first states, generating one or more third states by amplifying at least a portion of the second states, and detecting for a fault of the battery based on the one or more third states.

Abstract: A cooling device and a battery apparatus including the cooling device is provided. The cooling device includes a heat transfer body configured to be in contact with at least a portion of the battery pack to absorb heat from the portion of the battery pack through a first coolant included in the heat transfer body and a cooling flow path disposed relative to the heat transfer body, and configured to cool the heat absorbed from the heat transfer body through a second coolant included in the cooling flow path.

Abstract: A cooling structure includes a plurality of bars spaced apart from each other and configured to extend along a first surface of a battery cell; a support configured to support the plurality of bars; and a plurality of flow paths defined by the first surface of the battery cell and a pair of adjacent bars of the plurality of bars, the plurality of flow paths being configured to guide flow of a coolant in contact with the first surface of the battery cell.

Abstract: A molten metal level measuring device in a continuous molten metal level measuring device uses temperature compensation. The device includes a cylindrical bobbin, a liquid level measuring unit helically wound around an outer surface of the bobbin, a circular inner cylinder in which the bobbin and the liquid level measuring part are located and which seals the bobbin and the liquid level measuring part from the outside and has the same axial direction as the bobbin, and a cylindrical protective tube in which the inner cylinder is located and which has the same axial direction as the bobbin and has one open end. Thermocouples extend axially in the space between the inner cylinder and the protective tube, and a control unit controls the liquid level measuring part to measure a liquid level of the molten metal based on the temperatures measured by the thermocouples.

Abstract: A Liquid crystal display device and manufacturing method thereof are provided. According to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, an LCD device includes: a first substrate including a display area and a non-display area disposed outside of the display area; a gate electrode disposed on the first substrate and including a first-layer gate electrode and a second-layer gate electrode disposed on the first-layer gate electrode; a pixel electrode disposed on the same layer as the first-layer gate electrode; a source electrode and a drain electrode disposed on the gate electrode to be spaced from each other; and a contact connecting the drain electrode and the pixel electrode and including a first-layer contact, which is disposed on the same layer as the pixel electrode, and a second-layer contact, which is disposed on the first-layer contact.

Abstract: A battery thermal management method and apparatus are provided. The battery thermal management apparatus includes a first flow path of an air refrigerant to cool an upper portion of a battery, and a second flow path of a liquid refrigerant to cool a lower portion of the battery. The battery is cooled using either one or both of the air refrigerant and the liquid refrigerant.

Abstract: A battery charging method and apparatus are provided. The battery charging method includes determining a number of charging ports to charge a battery based on a determined state of the battery, and charging the battery using the number of charging ports.