Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a heat source device and a substrate processing apparatus including same. The substrate processing apparatus includes: a chamber having an inner space in which a substrate is processed; a substrate support provided inside the chamber and supporting the substrate; and a heat source device including a supporting body provided in at least one side of the chamber, and a heat source unit provided parallel to the substrate support so as to heat the substrate. The heat source unit is provided with a first light transmission conduit connected to the supporting body, a heat source provided inside the first light transmission conduit, and a first cooling conduit provided inside the first light transmission conduit while being spaced apart from the heat source, and having a first spraying hole to spray a cooling gas. The temperature of the substrate may be efficiently controlled.

Abstract: A battery charging method and apparatus are provided. The battery charging method includes determining a number of charging ports to charge a battery based on a determined state of the battery, and charging the battery using the number of charging ports.

Abstract: A processor-implemented method to detect a battery fault includes obtaining first states of detection targets in a battery, generating a representative state based on the first states, generating second states by applying the representative state to each of the first states, generating one or more third states by amplifying at least a portion of the second states, and detecting for a fault of the battery based on the one or more third states.

Abstract: A cooling device and a battery apparatus including the cooling device is provided. The cooling device includes a heat transfer body configured to be in contact with at least a portion of the battery pack to absorb heat from the portion of the battery pack through a first coolant included in the heat transfer body and a cooling flow path disposed relative to the heat transfer body, and configured to cool the heat absorbed from the heat transfer body through a second coolant included in the cooling flow path.

Abstract: A cooling structure includes a plurality of bars spaced apart from each other and configured to extend along a first surface of a battery cell; a support configured to support the plurality of bars; and a plurality of flow paths defined by the first surface of the battery cell and a pair of adjacent bars of the plurality of bars, the plurality of flow paths being configured to guide flow of a coolant in contact with the first surface of the battery cell.

Abstract: A molten metal level measuring device in a continuous molten metal level measuring device uses temperature compensation. The device includes a cylindrical bobbin, a liquid level measuring unit helically wound around an outer surface of the bobbin, a circular inner cylinder in which the bobbin and the liquid level measuring part are located and which seals the bobbin and the liquid level measuring part from the outside and has the same axial direction as the bobbin, and a cylindrical protective tube in which the inner cylinder is located and which has the same axial direction as the bobbin and has one open end. Thermocouples extend axially in the space between the inner cylinder and the protective tube, and a control unit controls the liquid level measuring part to measure a liquid level of the molten metal based on the temperatures measured by the thermocouples.

Abstract: A Liquid crystal display device and manufacturing method thereof are provided. According to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, an LCD device includes: a first substrate including a display area and a non-display area disposed outside of the display area; a gate electrode disposed on the first substrate and including a first-layer gate electrode and a second-layer gate electrode disposed on the first-layer gate electrode; a pixel electrode disposed on the same layer as the first-layer gate electrode; a source electrode and a drain electrode disposed on the gate electrode to be spaced from each other; and a contact connecting the drain electrode and the pixel electrode and including a first-layer contact, which is disposed on the same layer as the pixel electrode, and a second-layer contact, which is disposed on the first-layer contact.

Abstract: A battery thermal management method and apparatus are provided. The battery thermal management apparatus includes a first flow path of an air refrigerant to cool an upper portion of a battery, and a second flow path of a liquid refrigerant to cool a lower portion of the battery. The battery is cooled using either one or both of the air refrigerant and the liquid refrigerant.

Abstract: A battery charging method and apparatus are provided. The battery charging method includes determining a number of charging ports to charge a battery based on a determined state of the battery, and charging the battery using the number of charging ports.

Abstract: A molten metal level measuring device in a continuous molten metal level measuring device uses temperature compensation. The device includes a cylindrical bobbin, a liquid level measuring unit helically wound around an outer surface of the bobbin, a circular inner cylinder in which the bobbin and the liquid level measuring part are located and which seals the bobbin and the liquid level measuring part from the outside and has the same axial direction as the bobbin, and a cylindrical protective tube in which the inner cylinder is located and which has the same axial direction as the bobbin and has one open end. Thermocouples extend axially in the space between the inner cylinder and the protective tube, and a control unit controls the liquid level measuring part to measure a liquid level of the molten metal based on the temperatures measured by the thermocouples.

Abstract: A processor-implemented method to detect a battery fault includes obtaining first states of detection targets in a battery, generating a representative state based on the first states, generating second states by applying the representative state to each of the first states, generating one or more third states by amplifying at least a portion of the second states, and detecting for a fault of the battery based on the one or more third states.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a heat source device and a substrate processing apparatus including same. The substrate processing apparatus includes: a chamber having an inner space in which a substrate is processed; a substrate support provided inside the chamber and supporting the substrate; and a heat source device including a supporting body provided in at least one side of the chamber, and a heat source unit provided parallel to the substrate support so as to heat the substrate. The heat source unit is provided with a first light transmission conduit connected to the supporting body, a heat source provided inside the first light transmission conduit, and a first cooling conduit provided inside the first light transmission conduit while being spaced apart from the heat source, and having a first spraying hole to spray a cooling gas. The temperature of the substrate may be efficiently controlled.

Abstract: A group member management support system and method are disclosed for effectively supporting group member management such as analysis of psychological states of students in a school and figuring out friend relations of students accordingly. The group member management support system includes a database storing self-expression index representing psychology or feeling of each member of a group, an interface server receiving the self-expression index through a network from the member to store the self-expression index in the database, and a member's terminal receiving the self-expression index to transmit the self-expression index to the interface server through the network; and a manager's terminal requesting and receiving the self-expression index from the interface server through the network to display or output the self-expression index.

Abstract: A battery operating apparatus, an auxiliary battery unit, and a battery control method are provided. The battery operating apparatus includes a master battery manager (BM), a fixed battery unit configured to supply a fixed power to a load, the fixed power remaining unchanged over time, and a removable auxiliary battery unit configured to supply a variable power to the load, the variable power varying over time, wherein the master BM is configured to control the fixed battery unit to supply the fixed power among a power needed by the load, and to control the auxiliary battery unit to supply the variable power among the power needed by the load.

Abstract: A photosensitive resin composition for a color filter includes (A) a yellow or orange dye; (B) a dye combination of a cyanine dye represented by the following Chemical Formula 1, wherein in Chemical Formula 1, each substituent is the same as described in the detailed description, and a metal complex dye; (C) an acrylic-based binder resin; (D) a photopolymerizable monomer; (E) a photopolymerization initiator; and (F) a solvent, and a color filter using the same.

Abstract: A method to control a battery temperature includes: determining state difference information of a first battery, among batteries, based on state information of the first battery and average state information of the batteries; calculating a first output value of a first converter corresponding to the first battery based on the determined state difference information; and controlling a charging and discharging process of the batteries to cause the first converter to generate a power flow based on the calculated first output value.

Abstract: A battery operating apparatus, an auxiliary battery unit, and a battery control method are provided. The battery operating apparatus includes a master battery manager (BM), a fixed battery unit configured to supply a fixed power to a load, the fixed power remaining unchanged over time, and a removable auxiliary battery unit configured to supply a variable power to the load, the variable power varying over time, wherein the master BM is configured to control the fixed battery unit to supply the fixed power among a power needed by the load, and to control the auxiliary battery unit to supply the variable power among the power needed by the load.

Abstract: Disclosed are a photosensitive resin composition for a color filter that includes (A) a colorant including a cyanine dye represented by the following Chemical Formula 1, (B) an acrylic-based binder resin, (C) a photopolymerizable monomer, (D) a photopolymerization initiator, and (E) a solvent, and a color filter using the same. In the above Chemical Formula 1, each substituent is the same as described in the detailed description.

Abstract: A Liquid crystal display device and manufacturing method thereof are provided. According to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, an LCD device includes: a first substrate including a display area and a non-display area disposed outside of the display area; a gate electrode disposed on the first substrate and including a first-layer gate electrode and a second-layer gate electrode disposed on the first-layer gate electrode; a pixel electrode disposed on the same layer as the first-layer gate electrode; a source electrode and a drain electrode disposed on the gate electrode to be spaced from each other; and a contact connecting the drain electrode and the pixel electrode and including a first-layer contact, which is disposed on the same layer as the pixel electrode, and a second-layer contact, which is disposed on the first-layer contact.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display includes: forming a first passivation layer and an organic layer, forming an edge of an inclined portion of the organic layer by partially removing the organic layer at a location where a first drain contact hole that exposes a drain electrode of a thin film transistor is formed, forming a second passivation layer including a third drain contact hole exposing the drain electrode, a first electrode including a second drain contact hole exposing the drain electrode, and the first drain contact hole through an etching process using one etching mask, and forming a second electrode on the second passivation layer. The first drain contact hole, the second drain contact hole, and the third drain contact hole overlap with each other, and a size of the second drain contact hole is greater than a size of the third drain contact hole.