Abstract: An electric lamp includes a quartz-glass envelope having at least one sealed end, a thin foil including molybdenum at least partly embedded within said sealed end, a first current conductor connected to the foil extending interiorly of the envelope, and a second current conductor connected to the foil and extending exteriorly of the envelope. The re-crystallized foil exhibits a yield strength (offset=0.2%) according to ASTM F 8M-91 below 300 MPa. This can be obtained by molybdenum doped with between 0.01 and 5 wt % of rhenium or 0.01 and 2 wt % of tungsten.

Abstract: An ISP-friendly rate allocation system and method that reduces network traffic across ISP boundaries in a peer-to-peer (P2P) network, Embodiments of the system and method continuously solve a global optimization problem and dictate accordingly how much bandwidth is allocated on each connection. Embodiments of the system and method minimize load on a server in communication with the P2P network, minimize ISP-unfriendly traffic while keeping the minimum server load unaffected, and maximize peer prefetching. Two different techniques are used to compute rate allocation, including a utility function optimization technique and a minimum cost flow formulation technique. The utility function optimization technique constructs a utility function and optimizes that utility function. The minimum cost flow formulation technique generates a minimum cost flow formulation using a bipartite graph have a vertices set and an edges set. A distributed minimum cost flow formulation is solved using Lagrangian multipliers.

Abstract: The invention relates to an electric lamp with a high lumen output and a low sensitivity to explosion, comprising a quartz-glass envelope having at least one sealed end, a thin foil comprising molybdenum at least partly embedded within said sealed end, a first current conductor connected to said foil extending interiorly of said envelope, and a second current conductor connected to said foil and extending exteriorly of said envelope, wherein the re-crystallized foil exhibits a yield strength (offset=0.2%) according to ASTM F 8M-91 below 300 MPa. This can be obtained by molybdenum doped with between 0.01 and 5 wt % of rhenium or 0.01 and 2 wt % of tungsten. The invention further relates to a lamp with a molybdenum foil which is resistant to oxidation and corrosion comprising dopes of between 0.01 and 0.1 wt % of Ce and/or Ti, or dopes of between 0.01 and 1 wt % of Al, Co, Fe, Hf, Ir, and/or Y; or dopes of between 0.01 and 5 wt % of Cr.

Abstract: The invention relates to a high-pressure gas discharge lamp (1) comprising a discharge chamber (4) with a gas filling and electrodes (5) disposed in the discharge chamber. At least one of said electrodes is a tungsten alloy electrode, where the alloy is made of (a) ultra-high pure tungsten and (b) at least one of rhenium, osmium, tantalum, hafnium, iridium, and zirconium in a quantity of 0.01 to 3% by weight of the quantity of tungsten. The tungsten alloy of the invention strikes an appropriate balance between a rhenium or osmium content, which is high enough to obtain sufficient ductility allowing wire processing, and low enough to reduce the amount of rhenium evaporation responsible for blackening the interior of the discharge chamber during operation of the lamp. The invention further relates to a method of manufacturing such a lamp.

Abstract: The invention relates to a lamp (1) comprising a gastight vessel (2) embedding one or more feedthrough elements (7,8) electrically interconnecting an outer current conductor (9,10) and an inner current conductor (3,4) for operating said lamp. The feedthrough elements and/or the outer and inner current conductor are molybdenum alloy components containing at least one constituent from the group formed by rhenium and chromium in a quantity between 0.01 and 5% by weight; titanium in a quantity between 0.01 and 0.1% by weight; and aluminum, cobalt, gadolinium, hafnium, iridium, iron and zirconium in a quantity between 0.01 and 1% by weight of said alloy. The invention further relates to a method of manufacturing a lamp and a lamp component.