Abstract: A manufacturing method, manufacturing device, a multi-layer metalens are provided. The the multi-layer metalens comprises a plurality of N structured surfaces arranged in a vertical direction on one surface of a wafer, N?2. The manufacturing method includes: when a target surface to be manufactured is a first structured surface, manufacturing the first structured surface on a target surface of the wafer; the first structured surface includes a plurality of nanostructures and a location marker; and the plurality of nanostructures are arranged in an array; when the target surface to be manufactured is an Mth structured surface, manufacturing an alignment window based on the location marker of the structured surface manufactured previously; and through the alignment window, manufacturing the Mth structured surface based on the location marker of the structured surface manufactured previously.

Abstract: A system for estimating the altitude of a cellular telephone or other wireless device based on a measurement of barometric pressure. The system cleverly uses cellular telephones at various locations to assist in generating an accurate estimate of a reference barometric pressure p0. For example, the system has a cellular telephone near the location of interest make two measurements of barometric pressure near the time of interest. Thereafter, the system calculates the change in barometric pressure ?p during the time-interval ?t when the measurements were made. If the cellular telephone is stationary during the time-interval ?t, then the system reasonably conclude that the value of ?p is caused by changes in the atmosphere and not by the movement of the cellular telephone. In this case, the system can use ?p as a factor in generating the reference barometric pressure p0; otherwise, it cannot.

Abstract: A system for estimating the altitude of a cellular telephone or other wireless device based on a measurement of barometric pressure. The system cleverly uses cellular telephones at various locations to assist in generating an accurate estimate of a reference barometric pressure p0. For example, the system has a cellular telephone near the location of interest make two measurements of barometric pressure near the time of interest. Thereafter, the system calculates the change in barometric pressure ?p during the time-interval ?t when the measurements were made. If the cellular telephone is stationary during the time-interval ?t, then the system reasonably conclude that the value of ?p is caused by changes in the atmosphere and not by the movement of the cellular telephone. In this case, the system can use ?p as a factor in generating the reference barometric pressure p0; otherwise, it cannot.

Abstract: The present application provides a monitoring and protection system and an energy storage device. The monitoring and protection system is applied to at least one battery module and includes a temperature monitoring apparatus, a deformation monitoring apparatus, and a control apparatus. The temperature monitoring apparatus includes a plurality of grating temperature sensors, and each grating temperature sensor is arranged on a corresponding battery module to obtain a current temperature of the battery module. The deformation monitoring apparatus obtains a current deformation amount of each battery module, and includes a plurality of grating strain sensors, and each grating strain sensor are arranged on a corresponding battery module. The control apparatus controls a protective unit to perform a corresponding protective action according to the current temperature and current deformation amount.

Abstract: Provided is an in-coupling meta-grating and an out-coupling meta-grating, and the in-coupling meta-grating. The in-coupling meta-grating includes a plurality of in-coupling grating units, and the plurality of in-coupling grating units are arranged in a period; the in-coupling grating 5 units are configured to modulate a variety of incident target beams, and the variety of incident target beams are outgoing at corresponding target diffraction orders with the same outgoing angle; the variety of target beams have different wavelengths, and the target diffraction orders are the diffraction orders of the outgoing target beams modulated by the in-coupling meta-grating.

Abstract: A seed layer stack with a uniform top surface having a peak to peak roughness of 0.5 nm is formed by sputter depositing an amorphous layer on a smoothing layer such as Mg where the latter has a resputtering rate 2 to 30× that of the amorphous layer. The uppermost seed layer is NiW, NiMo, or one or more of NiCr, NiFeCr, and Hf while the bottommost seed layer is one or more of Ta, TaN, Zr, ZrN, Nb, NbN, Mo, MON, TIN, W, WN, and Ru. Accordingly, perpendicular magnetic anisotropy in an overlying magnetic layer is substantially maintained during high temperature processing up to 400° C. and is advantageous for magnetic tunnel junctions in embedded MRAMs, spintronic devices, or in read head sensors. The amorphous seed layer is SiN, TaN, or CoFeM where M is B or another element with a content that makes CoFeM amorphous as deposited.

Abstract: An optical module and a package module are provided, and the optical module includes a VCSEL array, a collimating metalens array; and the collimating metalens array is set on an outgoing side of the VCSEL array and are parallel to the VCSEL array. The VCSEL array includes a plurality of VCSELs, and the metalens array includes a plurality of collimating metalenses; the collimating metalens array includes an effective region for light modulation; a projection of an illumination region of the VCSEL array on the collimating metalens array is inside the effective region of the collimating metalens array.

Abstract: A phase-detection device and method for an optical element are provided, along the direction of the optical path the phase-detection device includes: a light source, a beam collimator, a diffraction element and an imaging detector; the optical element is set between the filter and the diffraction element; the diffraction element includes a mesh mask region and an array region segmented by the mesh mask region; mesh mask region blocks lights of a target wavelength; the array region includes a first class of cell and a second class of cell, and the first class of cell and the second class of cell are alternatively arranged; the first class of cell provides a first phase for the lights of target wavelength, and the second class of cell provides a second phase for lights of target wavelength; a phase difference between the first phase and second phase is T rad.

Abstract: A method for providing an enhanced estimate of reference barometric pressure. The method uses multiple, dissimilar pressure references, such as in airport weather stations, personal weather stations, and wireless terminals such as smartphones, in order to provide the enhanced estimate of reference barometric pressure. The method generates an enhanced estimate of reference barometric pressure based on a first estimate of reference barometric pressure from a first pressure reference network made up of airport weather stations, for example. The method also uses a second estimate of reference barometric pressure from a second pressure reference network made of up personal weather stations, for example, and a third estimate of reference barometric pressure, also from the second network. The first, second, and third estimates of reference barometric pressure are combined such that both measurement accuracy and timeliness are improved in the resulting, enhanced estimate.

Abstract: An optical system for ToF and a depth camera of ToF are provided, and the optical system including two optical elements. The two optical elements along the optical axis in order from an object side to an image side include: a filter and a metalens; each of two optical elements includes an object-side surface facing towards the object side and an image-side surface facing towards the image side; the metalens includes a substrate and a plurality of unit cells; and a plurality of nanostructures are set on a vertex and center of the unit cells of the metalens; the optical system includes an aperture slot, and the aperture slot is set on an incident direction of an optical path of the metalens; the optical system satisfies the following condition: f D ? 1.2 ; f is a focal length of the optical system, and D is an entrance pupil diameter of the optical system.

Abstract: An optical system and an optical camera are provided, and the optical system includes three optical elements. Along the optical axis in order from an object plane to an image plane, the three optical elements include: a first sulfur refractive lens, a metalens and a second sulfur refractive lens; each of three optical elements includes an object-side surface facing towards the object plane and an image-side surface facing towards the image plane; the first sulfur refractive lens and the second sulfur refractive lens are even aspheric optical lenses; the object-side surface of the first sulfur refractive lens is a convex surface; each of the object-side surface of the second sulfur refractive lens and the image-side surface of the second sulfur refractive lens includes one inflection point; the first sulfur refractive lens, the metalens and the second sulfur refractive lens have positive focal power.

Abstract: An optical system and an optical camera working at a far-infrared waveband are provided. The optical system includes two optical elements, the two optical elements being, along the optical axis in order from an object side to an image side: a metalens and a refractive lens; each of two optical elements including an object-side surface facing towards the object side and an image-side surface facing towards the image side; the metalens including a substrate and a plurality of nanostructures, and the plurality of nanostructures are set on the image-side surface of the metalens; when a light passes through the image-side surface of the metalens, the incident angle of the light is less than or equal to 45°; the object-side surface of the refractive lens is a concave surface, and the image-side surface of the refractive lens is a convex surface; and the refractive lens has positive refractive power.

Abstract: An optical system and an imaging device are provided, and the optical system includes six optical elements; in order from an object side to an image side, the six optical elements include: a first lens, a second lens, a third lens, a fourth lens, a fifth lens and a sixth lens; the first lens is an aspheric refractive lens, and the second lens is a metalens; all the third lens, the fourth lens, the fifth lens and the sixth lens are refractive lenses; from the image side to the object side, there is at least one aspheric surface in the surfaces of the third lens, the fourth lens, the fifth lens and the sixth lens, and the aspheric surface has one point of inflection; the first lens has a positive focal power, and the object-side surface of the first lens is a convex surface.

Abstract: An optical system and an imaging device are provided, and the optical system includes seven optical elements In order from an object side to an image side, the seven optical elements include: a first lens, a second lens, a third lens, a fourth lens, a fifth lens, a sixth lens and a seventh lens; each of seven optical elements includes an object-side surface facing towards the object plane and an image-side surface facing towards the image plane; at least one optical element of the seven optical elements is a metalens, and other optical element are aspheric optical lenses; and from the image side to the object side, both the first aspheric optical lens and the second aspheric optical lens include at least one aspheric surface, and the aspheric surface includes one point of inflection.

Abstract: A hybrid lens and an optical system are provided, and the hybrid lens includes a first lens and a second lens in order from an object side to an image side; the first lens is a refractive lens with a positive focal length; the second lens is a metalens; both the object-side surface and the image-side surface of the first lens are aspheric surfaces; the first lens and the second lens further satisfy the conditions: t 12 ? 0.5 mm ; ? "\[LeftBracketingBar]" f 2 f 1 ? "\[RightBracketingBar]" ? 8 ; R 1 ? i > R 1 ? O .

Abstract: An optical system and an optical camera working at a far-infrared waveband are provided, the optical system including three optical elements, the three optical elements being, along the optical axis in order from an object side to an image side: a first sulfur refractive lens, a metalens and a second sulfur refractive lens; the first sulfur refractive lens and the second sulfur refractive lens have positive refractive power; each of three optical elements including an object-side surface facing towards the object side and an image-side surface facing towards the image side; the metalens includes a substrate and a plurality of unit cells, and a plurality of nanostructures are set in the unit cells; the optical system satisfies the following condition with a unit of 1/mm: 0.25 ? n * ( ? "\[LeftBracketingBar]" C 1 ? "\[RightBracketingBar]" + ? "\[LeftBracketingBar]" C 2 ? "\[RightBracketingBar]" ) ? 2 ? .01 .