Abstract: A lifting table includes a lifting mechanism, a base, an upper tabletop and a tabletop mounting frame assembly; the lifting mechanism includes a plurality sections of lifting columns and a controller, and the lifting columns are matched and connected with one another; the base is installed at a bottom of the lifting mechanism, the controller is hidden in the base and connected with buttons on the tabletop mounting frame assembly; the upper tabletop and the tabletop mounting frame assembly are both installed on lifting columns, and the tabletop mounting frame assembly is located below the upper tabletop; through selection of buttons on the tabletop mounting frame assembly, a signal is sent to the controller so that the controller drives the lifting columns to stretch out or draw back and hence to drive the upper tabletop and the tabletop mounting frame assembly to raise up or lower down.

Abstract: Phase imbalance between in-phase (I) and quadrature (Q) components of an optical communications signal causes signal degradation that can result in degraded bit-error rate performance, increased power requirements, and reduced transmission distance. The signal degradation can be expressed as a reduced signal to noise and interference ratio. The disclosed system and techniques monitor the phase imbalance between the I and Q channels and provides for adjustment of the phase of one or more of the I and Q channels to improve overall performance.

Abstract: A communication receiver receives a signal sample stream of an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signal, splits the signal sample stream into blocks, where each block corresponds to a symbol or a gap of the OFDM signal, determines an estimate of a periodic noise in the OFDM signal by averaging signal samples over a number of blocks, generates a noise-suppressed signal by subtracting the estimate of the periodic noise from the signal sample stream, and performs further receiver-side processing on the noise-suppressed signal.

Abstract: A method of communication is disclosed. The method includes receiving a polarization optical signal comprising multiple polarization components via an optical signal transmission fiber, splitting the polarization optical signal into multiple optical signals, each corresponding to one of the polarization components, converting the multiple optical signals to corresponding multiple electrical signals, multiplexing, in an electrical domain, the multiple electrical signals to generate a multiplexed electrical signal, and performing a wireless transmission of the multiplexed electrical signals using a single antenna.

Abstract: A method of digital communication is described. The method includes generating a first orthogonal frequency division multiplexed (OFDM) signal from a first portion of information bits received at the communication apparatus, generating a second OFDM signal from a second portion of information bits received at the communication apparatus, generating a first input for a modulator using the first OFDM signal and the second OFDM signal, generating a second input for the modulator using the second OFDM signal and the second OFDM signal, and operating the modulator to produce a modulated signal from the first input and the second input.

Abstract: An optical transmitter apparatus is disclosed. The apparatus includes a processor, a memory coupled to the processor, and one or more programs configured to be executed by the processor. The programs include instructions for nonlinearity estimation that characterizes nonlinearity in an optical communication and estimates an amount of symbol distortion caused by the nonlinearity, instructions for selecting and mapping symbols to provide, for the nonlinearity estimation, only symbols that meet predetermined nonlinearity criteria, and instructions for storing, in the memory, the amount of symbol distortion to be used for a nonlinearity pre-compensation.

Abstract: An ultrasonic cleaning tool for cleaning a surface has a transducer and a horn for generating and transmitting vibrations to a surface to be cleaned. Cleaning solution can be supplied to the ultrasonic cleaning tool or the surface to be cleaned, and operation of the ultrasonic cleaning tool can agitate the surface and cleaning solution. The tool can be provided as part of a system for cleaning a surface, and the system can include an extraction cleaner or a cleaning cloth.

Abstract: An optical receiver apparatus includes a photo detector that detects amplitude modified optical signals transmitted through an optical transmission channel and mapped to constellation points and converts the optical signal into electrical signals, a sampling circuit that samples the electrical signals and generates digital signals, and a signal processing circuit that has a two-step equalization algorithm converging actual constellation points into desired constellation points. The two-step equalization algorithm includes a first equalization algorithm that uses multiple modulus in performing an error signal calculation, and a second equalization algorithm that includes a filtering procedure that compares actual constellation points with desired constellation points and an adjustment procedure that iteratively adjusts parameters of the filtering procedure in accordance with the comparison result.

Abstract: A latch for a closure panel of a vehicle including a latch housing; a ratchet mounted to the latch housing and movable between a closed position and an open position, the ratchet having a channel for receiving a striker with a first portion relative to the channel and a second portion relative to the channel, the channel having an over slam region positioned adjacent to a bottom of the channel; a pawl mounted to the latch housing and movable between a ratchet holding position and a ratchet release position; and a pair of levers mounted to the latch housing and configured for corotation about a pivot, the pair of levers biased towards a rest position by a biasing member coupled to at least one of the pair of levers.

Abstract: Methods, systems and devices for amplitude coherent detection for pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) signals are described. One method for high-speed and high-capacity optical communication includes modulating an input signal based on pulse amplitude modulation, performing a pre-distortion operation on an output of the modulating, filtering an output of the pre-distortion operation using a pulse shaping filter, and transmitting an output of the filtering using intensity modulation, where the intensity modulation includes an equally-spaced amplitude distribution.

Abstract: A method of generating a probabilistically shaped (PS), multi-level modulation signals includes encoding information bits into coded bits to which probability values are assigned according to a probability mass function, and mapping, based on a Gray coding scheme, the coded bits into symbols to which the probability values are assigned. The probability mass function is implemented by determining probabilities of the coded bits so that the probabilities of the coded bits in ascending or descending order have a Gaussian distribution, and performing a probability distribution pre-adjustment by redistributing probabilities of the coded bits corresponding to symbols probabilities of which are outside Gaussian distribution so that the symbols mapped based on the Gray coding scheme have the Gaussian distribution.

Abstract: Disclosed systems, methods, and computer program products enable high symbol-rate optical Nyquist signal generation with roll-off factors approaching zero by combining digital and all-optical methods. The combined digital and all-optical methods utilize all-optical sine-shaped pulse generation and orthogonal time-division multiplexing with quadrature amplitude modulation using digital Nyquist signals. Disclosed embodiments exhibit inter-channel-interference penalties that are less than 0.5-dB for both 75-GBaud and 125-GBaud optical Nyquist signals, in contrast to conventional signals generated using rectangular waveform driving signals that exhibit penalties greater than 2.5-dB and 1.5-dB for 75-GBaud and 125-GBaud signals, respectively. The disclosed embodiments, therefore, enable significant improvement over conventional systems by reducing inter-channel-interference penalties caused by excess modulation induced bandwidth.

Abstract: A method of generating a probabilistically shaped (PS), multi-level modulation signals includes encoding information bits into coded bits to which probability values are assigned according to a probability mass function, and mapping, based on a Gray coding scheme, the coded bits into symbols to which the probability values are assigned. The probability mass function is implemented by determining probabilities of the coded bits so that the probabilities of the coded bits in ascending or descending order have a Gaussian distribution, and performing a probability distribution pre-adjustment by redistributing probabilities of the coded bits corresponding to symbols probabilities of which are outside Gaussian distribution so that the symbols mapped based on the Gray coding scheme have the Gaussian distribution.

Abstract: At a transmitter-side in an optical communication network, pulse amplitude modulation optical signals to be transmitted are pre-compensated using a chromatic dispersion pre-compensation stage and a device non-linearity pre-compensation stage. The non-linearity pre-compensation may be achieved by using look-up tables that are built based on messages exchanged between the transmitter and a target receiver using known symbol patterns.

Abstract: A channel estimation technique suitable for implementation at a digital communication receiver such as an optical signal receiver apparatus includes receiving, over a communication channel, a transmission comprising a sequence of modulated symbols, estimating, at multiple frequencies, estimated values of a channel transfer function of the communication channel and selectively revising the estimated values of channel transfer function by reducing glitches in the estimated values of the channel transfer function.

Abstract: Blind polarization demultiplexing algorithms based on complex independent component analysis (ICA) by negentropy maximization for quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) coherent optical systems are disclosed. The polarization demultiplexing is achieved by maximizing the signal's non-Gaussianity measured by the information theoretic quantity of negentropy. An adaptive gradient optimization algorithm and a Quasi-Newton algorithm with accelerated convergence are employed to maximize the negentropy. Certain approximate nonlinear functions can be substitutes for the negentropy which is strictly derived from the probability density function (PDF) of the received noisy QAM signal with phase noise, and this reduces the computational complexity.

Abstract: An optical transmitter apparatus is disclosed. The apparatus includes a processor, a memory coupled to the processor, and one or more programs configured to be executed by the processor. The programs include instructions for nonlinearity estimation that characterizes nonlinearity in an optical communication and estimates an amount of symbol distortion caused by the nonlinearity, instructions for selecting and mapping symbols to provide, for the nonlinearity estimation, only symbols that meet predetermined nonlinearity criteria, and instructions for storing, in the memory, the amount of symbol distortion to be used for a nonlinearity pre-compensation.

Abstract: An optical receiver apparatus includes a photo detector that detects amplitude modified optical signals transmitted through an optical transmission channel and mapped to constellation points and converts the optical signal into electrical signals, a sampling circuit that samples the electrical signals and generates digital signals, and a signal processing circuit that has a two-step equalization algorithm converging actual constellation points into desired constellation points. The two-step equalization algorithm includes a first equalization algorithm that uses multiple modulus in performing an error signal calculation, and a second equalization algorithm that includes a filtering procedure that compares actual constellation points with desired constellation points and an adjustment procedure that iteratively adjusts parameters of the filtering procedure in accordance with the comparison result.

Abstract: A technique for optical signal transmission includes generating a plurality of double sideband modulated optical signals by modulating a plurality of source data signals using a plurality of direct modulation laser (DML) optical sources, wherein the plurality of double sideband modulated optical signals occupy non-overlapping neighboring optical frequency bands, generating a chirp-managed laser (CML) output signal by multiplexing the plurality of double sideband modulated optical signals using a wavelength-selective multiplexer, and transmitting the CML output signal over an optical transport medium.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus to realize high spectral efficiency in optical signals transmitted over long distances.