Abstract: An example of a system for managing pain may include a pain monitoring circuit, a pain relief device, and a control circuit. The pain monitoring circuit may include a parameter analyzer and a pain score generator. The parameter analyzer may be configured to receive and analyze at least two parameters selected from a physiological parameter indicative of a physiological function or state of a patient, a functional parameter indicative of a physical activity or state of the patient, or a patient parameter including subjective information provided by the patient. The pain score generator may be configured to compute a composite pain score using an outcome of the analysis. The composite pain score may indicate a degree of the pain. The pain relief device may be configured to deliver a pain-relief therapy. The control circuit may be configured to control the delivery of the pain-relief therapy using the composite pain score.

Abstract: An example of a pain management system may include a heart sound sensor, a heart sound sensing circuit, a heart sound detector, a parameter generator, and a pain analyzer. The heart sound sensor may be configured to sense a heart sound signal. The heart sound sensing circuit may be configured to process the heart sound signal. The heart sound detector may be configured to detect heart sounds using the processed heart sound signal. The parameter generator may be configured to generate parameter(s) using the detected heart sounds. The pain analyzer may be configured to analyze the parameter(s) for a quantitative indication of pain, and include a signal metric generator that may be configured to generate a signal metric using the one or more parameters and a pain score generator that may be configured to generate a pain score indicative of a degree of pain using the signal metric.

Abstract: An example of a system may include a processor and a memory device comprising instructions, which when executed by the processor, cause the processor to: access a patient metric of a subject; use the patient metric as an input to a machine learning algorithm, the machine learning algorithm to search a plurality of neuromodulation parameter sets and to identify a candidate neuromodulation parameter set of the plurality of neuromodulation parameter sets, the candidate neuromodulation parameter set designed to produce a non-regular waveform that varies over a time domain and a space domain; and program a neuromodulator using the candidate neuromodulation parameter set to stimulate the subject.