Abstract: In accordance with the invention, a mode-locked laser comprises an optical gain medium disposed within an optical cavity formed by a first reflector and a wavelength selective second reflector to achieve mode-locking operation. Advantageously, the wavelength reflective reflector is a two-dimensional subwavelength resonant grating. The resulting laser is compact, tunable, reliable and inexpensive. It provides high side mode suppression and high output power.

Abstract: In general, in a first aspect, the invention features a method that includes depositing a first material on a surface of an article to form a layer including the first material. The surface of the article includes a plurality of protrusions and the layer including the first material forms a plurality of lenses. Each lens corresponds to a protrusion on the substrate surface.

Abstract: An antenna system for generating and configuring at least one defocused beam is provided. The antenna system includes a reflector having a focal plane and a non-parabolic curvature for forming the at least one defocused beam, and a plurality of feed antennas that illuminate the reflector. Each feed antenna is disposed in the focal plane of the reflector. The antenna system further includes at least one incoming signal dividing network that divides at least one incoming signal into a plurality of sub-signals, each corresponding to one of the feed antennas, a plurality of variable phase shifters, each receiving one of the sub-signals from the incoming signal dividing network and phase shifting the sub-signal to generate a corresponding phase-shifted sub-signal, and a plurality of fixed-amplitude amplifiers, at least one corresponding to each of the feed antennas.

Abstract: The pneumatic tool has a check valve placed inside that includes an internal and external valve base and traveling valve. The internal valve base has an inlet hole, and an enlarged slot is formed on the external end of the inlet hole. An annular oblique edge is formed between the enlarged slot and inlet hole, and an air hole is placed on the enlarged slot. The external valve base has an outlet hole that is connected to the outside of the pneumatic tool. A protruding tube is formed inside the outlet hole. Interval space is formed between the inside of the protruding tube and the inlet hole for the internal valve base; and the traveling valve can be traveling inside the interval space. The built-in check valve can avoid external force, which extends the shelf life and makes appearance of the product look neater and practical.

Abstract: The cylinder structure for a pneumatic tool includes a first and second cylinder placed inside the pneumatic tool, and a first and second piston placed inside the first and second cylinder. The one-piece structure of the first and second cylinder are inside the pneumatic tool, and the air inlet of the first cylinder and the air inlet of the second cylinder can be connected by a first bypass. The lower air chamber of the first cylinder is connected to the second piston of the second cylinder at the bottom by a second bypass. The double cylinder of the pneumatic tool avoids being hit by external forces, which extends the life of usage. The invention makes the manufacturing process simpler and more effective, and the end product looks more unified.

Abstract: In certain aspects, the disclosure relates to articles that include a plurality of walls configured to form a grating. Each of the plurality of walls can include a layer of a first material and a layer of a second material different from the first material. The articles can retard incident radiation at wavelengths ?1 and ?2 by amounts ?1 and ?2, respectively, where |?1??2| is about 15 nm or more and ?1 is substantially equal to ?2.

Abstract: Films for optical use, articles containing such films, methods for making such films, and systems that utilize such films, are disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to metabolites of certain [1,4]diazepino[6,7,1-ij]quinoline derivatives and methods of preparation and use thereof. Specifically, the invention relates to compounds of formula I wherein the various substituents are defined herein. The invention also provides pharmaceutical compositions including compounds of formula I, methods of making such compounds, and methods of using such compounds.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to a package structure of multi-chips light-emitting module, wherein via the packaging technology of semiconductor, a plurality of light emitting diode chips are installed on the disposing portion of a lead frame, and the chips and the lead frame are interconnected with bond wires, and then an encapsulant is used to cover the chips, bond wires and the disposing portion to form a package structure. The light-emitting module packaged with the structure having the disposing portion can be applied to the light source of lightening, indicator and alarm, etc., and not only has high light permeability, but also has the function of diverging as well as focusing the light source.

Abstract: In accordance with the invention, a tunable subwavelength resonant grating filter comprises a liquid crystal cell having a pair of major surface walls. One wall of the cell is a coated subwavelength grating of a SRGF. The coating comprises a polymer layer to fill the grating trenches and a surfactant layer to facilitate uniform alignment of the liquid crystal material. The refractive index of the LCD material in the cell can then be electrically or thermally adjusted to tune the resonant wavelength.

Abstract: A method for panel optimization provides for optimal layout of printed circuit boards (302-306) on factory arrays (104), as well as the layout of arrays on panels (102). By using nesting algorithms to quickly simulate a large number of permutations, an optimal panelization solution can be quickly reached. The method includes the steps of collecting the necessary data (402), performing a panel dimension loop, an array length loop, and an array width loop. For every case, a total efficiency factor is calculated (422) to help determine the optimal layout.

Abstract: In accordance with the invention, a mode-locked laser comprises an optical gain medium disposed within an optical cavity formed by a first reflector and a wavelength selective second reflector to achieve mode-locking operation. Advantageously, the wavelength reflective reflector is a two-dimensional subwavelength resonant grating. The resulting laser is compact, tunable, reliable and inexpensive. It provides high side mode suppression and high output power.

Abstract: A method for fabricating LOCOS isolation having a planar surface. The method utilizes a polysilicon spacer to prevent bird beak. The method adds the steps of forming a polishing stop layer and removing said edge-protrusion portion of the local oxide by chemical mechanical polishing.

Abstract: A phase comparator compares phase of a clock signal and a generated comparison clock signal based upon rising edges. The output of the phase comparator may include a series of short up (U) pulses or down (D) pulses, depending whether the phase of the comparison clock is leading or lagging the clock. Up and down pulses U and D control an up/down shift register which in turn compensates phase difference by inserting or removing additional discrete delay elements in a variable delay line. Based upon delay signals generated by the variable delay line, a double frequency clock generator generates a 2.times. clock signal. The 2.times. clock signal is divided by 2 in a divider to supply the phase comparator with the generated comparison clock signal. The feedback scheme helps the digital delay lock loop of stabilize after a few clock cycles without additional external control.

Abstract: A method and system to efficiently incorporate engineering change order (ECO) modifications into an integrated circuit layout having configurable gate array cells is provided. In generating the original integrated circuit layout, extra gate array cells are inserted into the layout. These gate array cells can be reconfigured to modify their functionality according to changes specified by the ECO. A new netlist with a description of the required modifications is generated and provided to a place-and-route CAD tool to create a new layout of the integrated circuit.

Abstract: The present photoelectric conversion device includes a photo-receiving surface generating electron-hole pairs due to a distortion of an energy band thereof after receiving light, and two contacts contacting the photo-receiving surface for separating the electron-hole pairs. By this disclosure, a cost-effective, easily-makable photoelectric conversion device made by a clean manufacturing process is provided. A preferred MOS photoelectric conversion device of the present invention is made by using a silicon substrate having an upper surface and a lower surface, growing an oxide layer on the upper surface of the silicon substrate, forming a first metal contact layer on said oxide layer, forming a second metal contact layer on the lower surface of the silicon substrate, and breaking the MOS structure into several parts each having a broken surface to serve as a photo-receiving surface.