Abstract: A method and a system for managing a key of a home device in a broadcast encryption system are provided. A hierarchical structure of a group set comprising a plurality of nodes corresponding to the home server and a plurality of nodes corresponding to the home device is formed. A key set to be allotted to the node set is generated. The node group is allowed to correspond to the key set to generate key-node corresponding information according to a request of the home server.

Abstract: Disclosed are a novel fluorene derivative, a liquid crystal composition comprising the same, and an optical film using the same liquid crystal composition. More particularly, there are provided a liquid crystal material for a viewing angle compensation film with high quality characteristics, which can improve a contrast ratio measured at an oblique angle to the front and minimize variations in color with viewing angles in a black state, a liquid crystal composition comprising the same liquid crystal material, and a compensation film obtained from the same liquid crystal composition.

Abstract: Provided are a wafer level chip scale package of an image sensor and a manufacturing method thereof. The wafer level chip scale package includes: a wafer including an image sensor and a pad on the top surface thereof and inclined surfaces on both ends thereof; expansion pads formed on the inclined surfaces of the wafer, including the pad, such that the expansion pads are electrically connected to the pad, a bottom surface of the expansion pads being on a straight line with respect to that of the wafer; a support formed on the expansion pads to support both bottom surfaces of a glass, the support having a height to provide a space where an air cavity is formed; and a glass disposed on the support to provide the air cavity over the wafer.

Abstract: A pre-processor pre-processes enhanced data packets by coding the enhanced data packets for forward error correction (FEC) and expanding the FEC-coded data packets. A data formatter adds first null data into first place holders within each pre-processed enhanced data packet. A first multiplexer multiplexes the main data packets with the enhanced data packets having the first null data. A holder inserter inserts second null data into second place holders within an enhanced data packet outputted from the first multiplexer. A data interleaver replaces the second null data with parity data. A data generator generates at least one known data sequence. A symbol processor replaces the first null data included in an output of the data interleaver with the known data sequence(s). A non-systematic RS encoder generates the parity data by performing non-systematic RS-coding on an output of the symbol processor, and provides the parity data to the data interleaver.

Abstract: The present invention provides a nucleic acid sequence amplification method and apparatuses thereof that are simple in the design and easy to miniaturize and integrate into complex apparatuses, with capability of using DNA polymerases that are not thermostable. In the present invention, a plurality of heat sources are combined to supply heat to, or remove heat from specific regions of the sample such that a specific spatial temperature distribution is maintained inside the sample by locating a relatively high temperature region lower in height than a relatively low temperature region.

Abstract: A system for providing fuel-efficient driving information for a vehicle includes a fuel-efficient driving area calculation unit and a display unit. The fuel-efficient driving area calculation unit calculates a variable fuel-efficient driving area, which is divided into economical, semi-economical, and uneconomical regions, depending on the increase or decrease of the speed of the vehicle, calculates a current fuel efficiency of the vehicle, receives information about the type and condition of a road from a GPS, and adjusts the regions in the fuel-efficient driving area to prompt the driver to increase or decrease the vehicle speed in advance. The display unit displays the fuel-efficient driving area using information calculated by the fuel-efficient driving area calculation unit, and indicates the current fuel efficiency using the regions.

Abstract: A joint scheduling apparatus and method for increasing frequency efficiency and fairness in a distributed antenna system using frequency reuse and common control power. Packets are selected for transmission to be transmitted to MSs are selected, taking into account QoS in at least one of a BS and an RS and grouped into packet groups. The packets are selected from the packet groups, links corresponding to the packets are grouped into a link group, a joint power control is performed on the link group, link elimination and link addition are performed for the link group until optimal solutions are achieved for the links of the link group in the joint power control. Channels are allocated to the links when the optimal solutions are achieved for the links, and the status of a user queue of at least one of the BS and the RS is updated.

Abstract: Dynamic frequency selection based on CR is provided. A CR BS detects an interference-free and unused frequency band. When sensing a new BS that has great signal strength and requires the frequency band during communications in the frequency band, the CR BS releases the frequency band and dynamically selects another frequency band to avoid interference.

Abstract: A polymer includes a first type of repeat unit represented by Formula I: where X is selected from —CH2—, —CH2—CH2—, or —O—; m is an integer from 0 to about 5; and where for the first type of repeat unit one of R1, R2, R3, and R4 is one of a maleimide containing group and for the second type of repeat unit one of R1, R2, R3, and R4 is a hindered aromatic group, a C8 or greater alkyl group, a C4 or greater halohydrocarbyl or perhalocarbyl group, a C7 or greater aralkyl group, or a heteroatom hydrocarbyl or halohydrocarbyl group.

Abstract: Provided is a method for fabricating a photomask. A light blocking layer is formed on a transparent substrate having a first region and a second region. A hard mask layer is formed on the light blocking layer. A first polymer film is formed on the hard mask layer. Here, the first polymer film is formed of single strand polymers that can form a complementary binding. A portion of the first polymer film corresponding to the first region is changed to comprise polymers having partial complementary binding. A hard mask pattern for exposing a portion of the light blocking layer under the first polymer film is formed by performing an etching process using the changed portion as an etch stop. A light blocking pattern is formed by removing an exposed portion of the light blocking layer by performing an etching process using the hard mask pattern as an etch mask, and then removing the hard mask pattern.

Abstract: Provided are a hyperbranched polymer represented by Formula 1 below, an organic light-emitting diode including an organic layer including the hyperbranched polymer, and a method of manufacturing the organic light-emitting diode: For a detailed description about Formula 1, the Detailed Description of the Invention may be referred to. The hyperbranched polymer is excellent in view of hole injection capability and/or electron blocking capability and adhesion with an electrode, and thus, the organic light-emitting diode including the organic layer including the hyperbranched polymer can have good electrical properties.

Abstract: A VA mode LCD device is disclosed, to improve the viewing-angle properties by isotropically compensating for a viewing angle, in which the VA mode LCD device includes first and second substrates; a plurality of gate and data lines formed on the first substrate, and formed perpendicularly to define a plurality of pixel regions. A thin film transistor is formed in each pixel region of the first substrate. A pixel electrode and a common electrode are formed in each pixel of the respective first and second substrates, wherein the pixel and common electrodes generate an electric field. At least one first slit of a curved-stripe shape, such as a circular-stripe shape, is formed in the pixel electrode of the first substrate. At least one second slit is formed in the common electrode of the second substrate. A liquid crystal layer formed between the first and second substrates.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for detecting defects in a wafer are provided. An optical part is disposed under an inspection stage and radiates infrared light. An image obtaining part detects the infrared light transmitted through the wafer to output an image signal. A conveying part conveys the image obtaining part or the inspection stage in a short side direction of a photographing region of a line sensor included in the image obtaining part, and outputs a pulse signal. A controller counts the pulse signal and outputs a photographing instruction signal controlling the image obtaining part to photograph the wafer whenever the wafer is conveyed in the short side direction of the photographing region of the line sensor toward the image obtaining part by a distance corresponding to the length of short sides of the photographing region. A defect detection part combines each image signal to generate an inspection image.

Abstract: A biosensor is described. The biosensor includes a fixed multilayer stack providing a magnetization oscillation, a voltage source electrically coupled to the fixed multilayer stack, and a binding molecule covalently bonded to the biosensor. The voltage source provides a direct current through the fixed multilayer stack to generate the magnetization oscillation and a target molecule including a magnetic nanoparticle forms a complex with the binding molecule and alters the magnetization oscillation.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes an array substrate having reflective and transmissive regions in a pixel region, wherein the array substrate includes a reflective electrode corresponding to the reflective region and a pixel electrode on a first substrate. A color filter substrate defines the reflective region and the transmissive region in the pixel region. The color filter substrate includes a color filter with first and second portions that correspond to the respective transmissive and reflective regions on a second substrate. The thickness of the second portion is less than a thickness of the first portion. The combined thickness of the scatter and the thickness of the second portion is greater than the thickness of the first portion; and a liquid crystal layer between the array and color filter substrates.

Abstract: To improve a patterning accuracy of pixel electrodes and common electrodes. The liquid crystal display device includes a reflective display area and a transmissive display area within a pixel that is configured with a pair of opposing substrates and a liquid crystal layer provided between the substrates. The reflective display area achieves display by reflection of light, and the transmissive display area achieves display by transmission of light. A laminated body including a reflective plate, an insulating layer, and a metal electrode for rotating liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer within a surface thereof is provided within the reflective display area.

Abstract: Example embodiments provide a nitrogen-containing heteroaromatic ligand-transition metal complex, a buffer layer including the complex, which may improve the injection and transport of electrical charges, an organic thin film transistor and an electronic device including the buffer layer, in which the injection of electrons or holes and the transport of charges between layers are accelerated, thereby improving the efficiency thereof, and methods of manufacturing the same.

Abstract: Provided are a thin film transistor (TFT) panel, a method of fabricating the same, and an organic light emitting display device (OLED) including the same. The TFT panel has a TFT region and a capacitor region. A TFT is formed in the TFT region and a capacitor is formed in the capacitor region. The TFT includes an active layer that includes a source and a drain regions. A gate insulation layer is formed on the active layer, and a gate electrode is formed on the gate insulation layer over the active layer. A source and a drain electrodes are formed over the active layer, and connected to the source and drain regions, respectively. In the TFT region, an interlayer insulation layer is formed between the gate electrode and the source/drain electrodes. In the capacitor region, an interlayer insulation layer is formed between a capacitor lower electrode and a capacitor upper electrode to form a capacitor.

Abstract: A multimedia output apparatus includes an audio port to receive a first audio signal, a connection port to receive a first video signal or both a second video signal and a second audio signal, a sensor to sense whether the connection port receives only the first video signal or both the second video signal and the second audio signal, a switch to select one of the second audio signal received through the connection port and the first audio signal received through the audio port to be output, and a controller to control the switch to output the first audio signal received through the audio port when the sensor senses that only the first video signal is received through the connection port and to output the second audio signal received through the connection port when the sensor senses that both the second video signal and the second audio signal are received through the connection port.