Abstract: A display device comprises a first substrate, a first power bottom line on the first substrate, a second substrate on the first power bottom line, the second substrate having a first power connection hole to expose the first power bottom line, and a pixel driving unit including a plurality of switching elements on the second substrate.

Abstract: A digital twin federation system for interoperability and federation between digital twins and an operating method thereof are provided. The digital twin federation system includes single digital twins to be federated, a metadata repository that stores metadata on the single digital twins and a federated digital twin, a federated digital twin generated by federating the single digital twins, and a management device that searches for a single digital twin providing a specific service among the single digital twins from the metadata repository through a search function to determine the single digital twin to be a digital twin for the federated digital twin, generates the federated digital twin where the single digital twins are federated, and generates a tool for providing a service of the federated digital twin, thereby expanding existing services and provide new services by federating digital twins, and easily solving problems involving domains through simulation and visualization.

Abstract: An image encoding/decoding method and apparatus are disclosed. The method of decoding an image according to the present invention, comprises, obtaining a single stream including subpicture information of a plurality of subpictures; selecting a subpicture to be extracted from among the plurality of subpictures; determining the single stream as a stream to be extracted and obtaining a sub stream for the subpicture to be extracted from the stream to be extracted, by removing or using at least one piece of subpicture information included in the stream to be extracted.

Abstract: A display device includes a base substrate, a partitioning wall on the base substrate, wherein the partitioning wall includes a first partitioning wall, and a second partitioning wall on the first partitioning wall, and a light emitting element spaced from the partitioning wall and located in a space surrounded by the partitioning wall in a plan view. The first partitioning wall and the light emitting element include a same material. The second partitioning wall includes a transparent conductive oxide.

Abstract: A three-dimensional memory device includes first and second isolation patterns extending in a first direction, and adjacent to each other in a second direction intersecting with the first direction; a stack disposed between the first isolation pattern and the second isolation pattern, and including a connection region including a plurality of electrode layers and a plurality of interlayer insulating layers alternately stacked in a vertical direction and an insulating region surrounded by the connection region; and a plurality of stairway-shaped recesses configured in the insulating region and the connecting region, and arranged in the first direction, wherein at least one of the plurality of stairway-shaped recesses comprises a first stairway structure connected to the first isolation pattern, a second stairway structure connected to the second isolation pattern, and a sidewall connecting the first stairway structure and the second stairway structure and disposed in the insulating region.

Abstract: A robot surface disinfection apparatus, configured to disinfect a surface of a robot by emitting ultraviolet light to the robot, is provided. The apparatus includes a base positioned at a predetermined height from the ground, a disinfection module formed to be movable up and down between the ground and the base, and a lifting module connected to the base and the disinfection module, respectively, and configured to lift the disinfection module. The disinfection module includes a hollow frame provided with a hollow portion that is open vertically, and an ultraviolet light generating device arranged along a circumference of the hollow frame, and configured to emit ultraviolet light into the hollow portion to disinfect a surface of a robot positioned in the hollow portion.

Abstract: A lens assembly including an incident side on which light is incident and an exit side opposite to the incident side, includes: a first polarization layer disposed adjacent to the incident side; a second polarization layer disposed between the first polarization layer and the exit side; a phase retardation layer disposed between the first polarization layer and the second polarization layer. The phase retardation layer has a first phase retardation refractive index along a first direction, has a second phase retardation refractive index equal to the first phase retardation refractive index along a second direction, and has a third phase retardation refractive index along a third direction perpendicular to the first direction and the second direction, and the first phase retardation refractive index and the second phase retardation refractive index are different from the third phase retardation refractive index.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method and an apparatus for coding/decoding an image. The method for decoding the image comprises the steps of: deriving a scale factor of a current block, depending on whether the current block is a conversion skip block; and scaling the current block on the basis of the scale factor, wherein the scale factor of the current block is derived on the basis of the position of a conversion coefficient inside the current block, and wherein the conversion skip block is the current block to which conversion is not applied and is specified on the basis of information indicating whether to apply reconversion to the current block.

Abstract: An embodiment discloses an ultraviolet light emitting element including: a light emitting structure including a first conductive semiconductor layer, a second conductive semiconductor layer, an active layer disposed between the first conductive semiconductor layer and the second conductive semiconductor layer, and an etched region in which the first conductive semiconductor layer is exposed; a first insulating layer disposed on the light emitting structure and including a first hole which exposes a portion of the etched region; a first electrode electrically connected to the first conductive semiconductor layer; and a second electrode electrically connected to the second conductive semiconductor layer, wherein the light emitting structure includes an intermediate layer regrown on the first conductive semiconductor layer exposed in the first hole, the first electrode is disposed on the intermediate layer, the etched region includes a first etched region disposed at an inner side and a second etched region disp

Abstract: An image encoding/decoding method and apparatus are provided. An image decoding method of the present invention comprises decoding first information indicating whether a maximum of N intra prediction modes are used or a maximum of M intra prediction modes are used for an intra prediction for a current block, in which the M is smaller than the N, deriving an intra prediction mode of the current block, inverse-mapping the derived intra prediction mode on a corresponding intra prediction mode among the maximum N intra prediction modes when the decoded first information indicates that the maximum M intra prediction modes are used for the intra prediction for the current block, and generating an intra prediction block by performing an intra prediction for the current block, based on the inverse-mapped intra prediction mode.

Abstract: A rotating multi-variant luggage tray structure is proposed. The structure includes a cover part formed at a position corresponding to an inner surface of a trim, a housing rotated about a rotating shaft to be withdrawn from the trim, and a rotating bellows connected to the housing and configured to be folded according to a rotational radius of the housing. The cover part may be rotated about the rotating shaft to be opened, and then be longitudinally extended.

Abstract: A film depositing composition including a Group 4 metal element-containing precursor compound and a method for forming a Group 4 metal element-containing film using same is described. The use of the film depositing composition including a Group 4 metal element-containing precursor compound achieves self-limiting film growth of ALD over a wide temperature range from low to high temperatures, enabling the formation of a Group 4 metal element-containing film for various purposes at various process temperatures. Particularly, according to the method for forming a Group 4 metal element-containing film of this invention, the growth per cycle (GPC) of ALD is consistent over a broad temperature range, thus making it possible to form a Group 4 metal element-containing film of uniform thickness even on surfaces with large aspect ratio trenches. Thus, the method can be advantageously utilized in manufacturing various semiconductor devices, such as DRAM, 3D NAND flash memory, and the like.

Abstract: A magnetic alignment device includes a first magnet part and a second magnet part, a thickness measuring part, and a control part. The first and second magnet parts accommodate an electrode sheet therebetween and the thickness measuring part measures a thickness of a negative electrode slurry disposed on the electrode sheet. The control part adjusts the separation distance of the first and second magnet parts. The magnetic alignment device measures the thickness of the negative electrode slurry applied on the negative electrode current collector in real time and controls the intensity of the magnetic field by adjusting the separation distance of the magnet part according to the measured negative electrode slurry thickness, and has an advantage of uniformly high alignment degree of the crystal faces of the carbon-based negative electrode active material contained in prepared negative electrode active layer.

Abstract: A negative electrode for a lithium secondary battery includes a negative electrode active layer divided into a center region, an edge region, and a sliding region on a negative electrode current collector. The lithium precipitation at the end of the negative electrode active layer can be suppressed by the alignment (O.I) of each carbon-based negative electrode active material contained in the center region, the edge region, and the sliding region satisfying Equation 1 and Equation 2. A secondary battery including the same has the advantage of excellent rapid charging performance. A method of manufacturing the negative electrode is also provided.

Abstract: A negative electrode for a lithium secondary battery includes a carbon-based negative electrode active material and a silicon-based negative electrode active material together as a negative electrode active material. The negative electrode exhibits excellent characteristics of charge and discharge capacity and energy density. Furthermore, the negative electrode has the advantage of exhibiting high charge characteristics and life characteristics during long-term charge and discharge by realizing the alignment (O.Ia) of the carbon-based negative electrode active material after activation in a predetermined range that is lower than the alignment (O.Ir) of the carbon-based negative electrode active material before activation. A lithium secondary battery including the negative electrode is also provided. Further, methods of manufacturing the negative electrode and the lithium secondary battery are also provided.

Abstract: Disclosed herein relates to a negative electrode for lithium secondary battery and a method for manufacturing the same. The negative electrode has a structure in which a first negative electrode active layer and a second negative electrode active layer are sequentially stacked on a negative electrode current collector. By controlling alignment (O.I) of the carbon-based active material to be lower in the second negative electrode active layer than in the first negative electrode active layer, and by preparing a low percentage of pores in the second negative electrode active layer, it is possible to have a flow path for the electrolyte to move inside the negative electrode active layer even after the rolling process of the negative electrode active layer. The negative electrode also has a high wetting ability to the electrolyte and high energy density.

Abstract: The present specification discloses a method of decoding an image. The method of decoding an image according to the method includes: obtaining transform skip information of a current block from a bitstream; obtaining multiple transform selection information of the current block on the basis of the transform skip information from the bitstream; and performing inverse transform on the current block on the basis of the multiple transform selection information, wherein the multiple transform selection information is used to set each of a horizontal transform type and a vertical transform type.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a substrate for nucleic acid amplification, and a method for manufacturing same, the substrate for rapid and accurate PCR analysis comprising: a transparent substrate; a micro-patterned metal layer formed on the transparent substrate; an N-heterocyclic carbene compound having one end annealed to the surface of the micro-patterned metal layer; and a primer immobilized on the other end of the N-heterocyclic carbene compound.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a video encoding/decoding method and apparatus. The video decoding method according to the present invention may comprise decoding filter information on a coding unit; classifying samples in the coding unit into classes on a per block classification unit basis; and filtering the coding unit having the samples classified into the classes on a per block classification unit basis by using the filter information.

Abstract: A base station transmits a random access response in response to a random access request (random access preamble) of a user equipment. The random access response includes information about a time when the random access request is transmitted and sequence number information of the random access request (random access preamble). The user equipment checks whether the received random access response is the response of the random access request transmitted by the user equipment, using the information about the time when the random access request is transmitted and the sequence number information included in the received random access response.