Abstract: A CDS circuit includes first capacitors; second capacitors; and a switch arrangement which, in response to a switch control signal, connects the first capacitors in series between a pixel signal output node and a ground to compress the pixel signal and connects the second capacitors in series between a ramp signal output node and the ground to compress the ramp signal, or connects the first capacitors in parallel between the pixel signal output node and a first input node of the comparator and connects the second capacitors in parallel between the ramp signal output node and a second input node of the comparator.

Abstract: A correlated double sampling (CDS) circuit includes a correction circuit configured to receive an input pixel signal through a first node via a column line, correct the input pixel signal, and output the corrected pixel signal through a second node; and a comparator including first and second input terminals, the first input terminal being connected to the second node and being configured to receive the corrected pixel signal, and the second input terminal configured to receive a ramp signal, the comparator being configured to compare the corrected pixel signal with the ramp signal and output a comparison signal indicating a result of the comparing, wherein the correction circuit includes, a first capacitor connected between the first and second nodes, and one or more metal lines disposed adjacent to the first capacitor, and wherein at least one other capacitor is formed by the first capacitor and the metal line.

Abstract: An image sensor includes a pixel array including a plurality of pixels which are arranged in a matrix of a plurality of rows and columns and each of the plurality of pixels being configured to convert intensity of incident light into an electrical image signal; and an extended counting analog-to-digital converter configured to perform a first analog-to-digital conversion to provide a digital signal from an output signal of the pixel array, to obtain a residue using the output signal of the pixel array and the digital signal, and to perform a second analog-to-digital conversion using the residue.

Abstract: Provided is an organic pixel, which includes a semiconductor substrate including a pixel circuit, an interconnection layer having a first contact and a first electrode formed on a semiconductor substrate, and an organic photo-diode formed on the interconnection layer. For example, the organic photo-diode includes an insulation layer formed on the first electrode, a second electrode and a photo-electric conversion region formed between the first contact, the insulation layer and the second electrode. The photo-electric conversion region includes an electron donating organic material and an electron accepting organic material. The organic photo-diode may further include a second contact electrically connected to the first contact. The horizontal distance between the second contacts and the insulation layer may be less than or equal to a few micrometers, for example, 10 micrometers.

Abstract: A pixel array includes pixels arranged in a grid, with separate readout paths configured to readout image data from different subsets of the pixels in the array. An image sensor may employ image data from one subset of pixels, which may include fewer pixels than another subset of pixels in the array, to quickly form an image.

Abstract: An analog-to-digital converter includes a gain amplification unit configured to receive a pixel signal at a first node and to amplify a gain of the pixel signal, a first capacitor connected between the first node and a second node, an amplifier configured to receive and amplify a signal output from the gain amplification unit and the first capacitor, and a conversion circuit configured to convert an output signal of the amplifier to a digital signal based on a reference signal and output the digital signal as a first output signal.

Abstract: A programmable gain amplifier includes a sampling circuit, a source follower, a first capacitor and an error amplifier. The sampling circuit is configured to perform correlated double sampling on an input signal using a reference voltage. The first capacitor is connected between the sampling circuit and the source follower. The error amplifier is connected between an input terminal of the source follower and an output terminal of the source follower. The error amplifier is configured to reset a voltage of the output terminal of the source follower to the reference voltage during a source follower reset operation.

Abstract: A CDS circuit includes first capacitors; second capacitors; and a switch arrangement which, in response to a switch control signal, connects the first capacitors in series between a pixel signal output node and a ground to compress the pixel signal and connects the second capacitors in series between a ramp signal output node and the ground to compress the ramp signal, or connects the first capacitors in parallel between the pixel signal output node and a first input node of the comparator and connects the second capacitors in parallel between the ramp signal output node and a second input node of the comparator.

Abstract: A sense amplifier having a negative capacitance circuit receives differential input signals via a pair of data lines, and senses and amplifies a voltage difference between differential output signals corresponding to the differential input signals as loaded by the negative capacitance circuit using a differential-to-single-ended amplifier to generate a corresponding data output signal.

Abstract: A temperature sensor includes a band gap reference (BGR) circuit, a voltage generation unit and a digital CDS circuit. The band gap reference (BGR) circuit generates a reference voltage proportional to a temperature. The voltage generation unit generates a first voltage and a second voltage based on the reference voltage, where the first voltage and the second voltage are proportional to the temperature. The digital CDS circuit generates a digital signal corresponding to the temperature by performing a digital correlated double sampling (CDS) operation on the first voltage and the second voltage. The temperature sensor is able to detect a temperature accurately.

Abstract: Provided is an organic pixel, which includes a semiconductor substrate including a pixel circuit, an interconnection layer having a first contact and a first electrode formed on a semiconductor substrate, and an organic photo-diode formed on the interconnection layer. For example, the organic photo-diode includes an insulation layer formed on the first electrode, a second electrode and a photo-electric conversion region formed between the first contact, the insulation layer and the second electrode. The photo-electric conversion region includes an electron donating organic material and an electron accepting organic material. The organic photo-diode may further include a second contact electrically connected to the first contact. The horizontal distance between the second contacts and the insulation layer may be less than or equal to a few micrometers, for example, 10 micrometers.

Abstract: An image sensor includes a pixel array and an analog-to-digital (A/D) conversion unit. The pixel array generates an analog signal by sensing an incident light. The A/D conversion unit generates a digital signal in a first operation mode by performing a sigma-delta A/D conversion and a cyclic A/D conversion with respect to the analog signal and generates the digital signal in a second operation mode by performing a single-slope A/D conversion with respect to the analog signal. The image sensor provides a high-quality image in a still image photography mode and a dynamic image video mode.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a reclining apparatus for a head rest of a rear seat that includes: a reclining motor operably coupled to an integral lead screw; a carrier thread fastened to the integral lead screw; and a link module configured to transmit operation force from the carrier to a head rest module, wherein the head rest module angle is adjusted in a forward/rearward direction by the operation force from the carrier and the link module.

Abstract: An analog-to-digital converter includes a modulation unit and a digital signal generation unit. The modulation unit is disposed corresponding to at least one column line, and sequentially perform delta-sigma modulation on an analog input signal and at least one residue voltage to generate digital bit stream signals. The analog input signal is input through the at least one column line. The at least one residue voltage is generated by performing the delta-sigma modulation on the analog input signal. The digital signal generation unit generates a digital signal corresponding to the analog input signal based on the digital bit stream signals.

Abstract: A CDS circuit is provided. The CDS circuit includes a signal compressor which compresses each of a pixel signal and a ramp signal using capacitive dividing and outputs a compressed pixel signal and a compressed ramp signal, and a comparator which compares the compressed pixel signal with the compressed ramp signal and outputs a comparative signal corresponding to a comparison result.

Abstract: An image sensor includes a first column pair and a second column pair among a plurality of columns of a pixel array, an analog-to-digital converter pair, and a switch arrangement circuit configured to connect the first column pair with the analog-to-digital converter pair in response to first switch control signals such that two rows among a plurality of rows in the pixel array are read during a single access time.

Abstract: An apparatus for providing a user interface, which provides a keyboard layout, is provided. A display portion of a user interface apparatus displays a portion of a plurality of keys that are included in the keyboard layout, and provides individual input keys of at least a predetermined size inside a display area that is limited by not displaying the portion of the plurality of keys. The keys which are displayed on the display portion comprise a first input key, which is allocated to a first character, and a second input key, which is allocated to a second character that differs from the first character.

Abstract: A ramp signal generator includes: a row decoder which receives a row control signal from a timing controller and generates one or more row select signals, a first column decoder which receives a first column control signal from the timing controller and generates one or more first column select signals, a second column decoder which receives a second column control signal from the timing controller and generates one or more second column select signals, and a current cell array which is activated by the one or more first column select signals, the one or more second column select signals, and the one or more row select signals, and includes at least one current cell which generates at least one unit current, and generates an output current by summing the generated at least one unit current.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for producing ethanol from xylose using a recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain transformed to express a xylose reductase that uses NADH as a cofactor and a xylitol dehydrogenase that uses NAD+ as a cofactor, which are coupled with each other. The method provides an increase in ethanol yield and production efficiency, as compared to a control group, and enables production of ethanol at higher yield and high production efficiency by further eliminating acetaldehyde dehydrogenase which mediates production of acetic acid (by-product).