Abstract: The present application relates to an optical device, comprising: a first outer substrate; a liquid crystal cell and a second outer substrate sequentially, wherein the liquid crystal cell comprises an upper substrate including a first base layer and a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer; a lower substrate including a second base layer and spacers; and a liquid crystal layer including a liquid crystal compound between the upper substrate and the lower substrate, and the optical device further comprises: a first intermediate layer between the first outer substrate and the liquid crystal cell, and a second intermediate layer between the second outer substrate and the liquid crystal cell, wherein the optical device of the present application can properly maintain a cell gap of a liquid crystal cell, have excellent adhesion between an upper substrate and a lower substrate, and solve the pressing and overflow phenomena of the liquid crystal cell during bonding with an outer substrate.

Abstract: A light modulation device is disclosed herein. In some embodiments, a light modulation device includes a first polymer film substrate having a first surface and a second surface, an adhesive layer or pressure-sensitive adhesive layer disposed on the first surface of the first polymer film substrate, a second polymer film substrate having a first surface and a second surface, a liquid crystal alignment film disposed on the first surface of the second polymer film substrate, a ?C plate; and a light modulation layer containing a liquid crystal compound. The light modulation device has excellent optical properties including transmittance-variable characteristics through characteristic control and proper arrangement of a compensation film, and being applicable to various uses by controlling inclination angle light leakage in a black mode.

Abstract: A power conversion device is proposed. The device may include a receiver receiving a signal. The device may also include a soft start controller performing a soft start operation, determining two or more soft start ending conditions, and ending the soft start operation if the soft start ending conditions are all satisfied. The device may also include a signal controller controlling a signal after the soft start operation is ended, determining an ending condition of the power conversion device, and ending the power conversion device if the ending condition of the power conversion device is satisfied.

Abstract: An optical device is disclosed herein. In some embodiments, an optical device includes a first outer substrate, a second outer substrate, a liquid crystal element film positioned between the first and second outer substrates, intermediate layers positioned between the first outer substrate and the liquid crystal element film and between the liquid crystal element film and the second outer substrate, respectively, wherein a sum of the total thicknesses of the intermediate layers is 1,600 ?m or more. The optical device can secure structural stability and good quality uniformity by maintaining the cell gap of the liquid crystal element film properly, having excellent attachment force between the upper substrate and the lower substrate, and minimizing defects such as pressing or crowding in the bonding process of the outer substrates.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a semiconductor device includes providing a wafer inside a process chamber, performing an ALD (atomic layer deposition) process inside the process chamber to deposit titanium nitride on the wafer, providing a process gas used for the ALD process to a scrubber, filtering a first powder contained in the process gas, using a filter unit disposed in the scrubber and including a plurality of filters, adsorbing a second powder remaining in the process gas after passing through the filter unit, using a fin structure extending in a vertical direction inside the filter unit, and exhausting the process gas, from which the first and second powders are removed, from the scrubber.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for stabilizing ceramide and to a cosmetic composition containing stabilized ceramide and, more specifically, to a method for homogenizing and stabilizing ceramide by self-assembling the ceramide together with ?-sitosterol, resveratrol, and allantoin which are other physiologically active substances using a microfluidic chip and a high pressure homogenizer, and to a technique for using ceramide and nanoparticles containing ?-sitosterol, resveratrol, and allantoin, which are produced by means of the stabilizing method, as a cosmetic material for skin moisturizing, anti-oxidation, skin inflammation relief, skin barrier enhancement, and skin itching relief.

Abstract: A method for non-thermal oxide deposition deposit a liquid-phase oxide or other dielectric precursor onto a substrate. The precursor is distributed uniformly. Electromagnetic radiation having a sufficient large photon energy so as to decompose at least partially the precursor(s), e.g., VUV or far UV radiation, is directed at the uniformly distributed precursor to at least partially decompose the precursor and deposit an oxide or other dielectric film on the substrate. The VUV/deep-UV radiation has a photon energy which exceeds that of at least one of the chemical bonds of the precursor(s). Deposition can be conducted at low temperatures, e.g. below ˜65° C., providing the ability for deposition on a wide variety of substrates including polymers and other flexible substrates.

Abstract: The present application provides a substrate comprising a spacer pattern. The present application can provide a substrate, which is applied to various optical devices, capable of evenly and stably maintaining a gap between substrates while maximally securing an active region without causing any optical defects, including a diffraction phenomenon, and the like. The present application can also provide an optical device comprising the substrate.

Abstract: The present exemplary embodiments relate to a lithium metal electrode, a method of manufacturing the same, and a lithium secondary battery including the same. According to an exemplary embodiment, a lithium metal electrode including: a current collector and a metal layer which is disposed on at least one surface of the current collector and includes a lithium component, in which a protective layer including amorphous carbon and lithium-ion conduction promoting ceramic particles is formed on a surface of the metal layer, may be provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a phosphor monomolecular compound, an organic transistor using same, and a water splitting and hydrogen production photocatalytic system using same. More specifically, the present invention comprises a water-soluble monomolecular compound including 1,5-naphthyridine-2,6-dione structure as a phosphor monomolecular compound.

Abstract: A composition according to an embodiment includes a selenium-containing material and an antioxidant. The composition may inhibit degeneration of cartilage by a mechanism such as reducing oxidative stress in cells constituting the cartilage. Accordingly, it is possible to inhibit an occurrence of osteoarthritis, delay its progression, or enable treatment of osteoarthritis.

Abstract: A light modulating device is disclosed herein. In some embodiments, a light modulating device includes a first substrate, a second substrate, and a liquid crystal layer, wherein the liquid crystal layer is disposed between the first and second substrates, and wherein the light modulating device satisfies Equation 1: T2?3×T1, wherein, T1 is an initial transmittance measured after vertically orienting the liquid crystal layer and placing it between orthogonal polarizers, and T2 is a transmittance measured after heating the liquid crystal layer showing the transmittance of T1 at 100° C. for 5 minutes, and then placing it between the orthogonal polarizers. The light modulating device can stably maintain designed optical properties even after an encapsulation process. The light modulating device can also stably maintain the orientation state of a light modulation layer while effectively securing adhesive force between upper and lower substrates.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a lithium metal anode, a method for manufacturing same, and a lithium secondary battery using same. The lithium metal anode include a current collector having a flat structure and an anode active material layer including a lithium metal disposed on the current collector, wherein the lithium metal has a concave-convex structure and no dendrite is present on the surface of the lithium metal.

Abstract: One embodiment of the present invention relates to a lithium metal anode. Wherein the lithium metal anode comprises a current collector and a lithium metal thin film layer disposed on at least one surface of the current collector and having a thickness in a range of 0.1 to 200 ?m and a coating layer disposed on a surface of the lithium metal thin film layer, wherein, the coating layer comprising a Li—N—C—H—O based ionic compound.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a phosphor monomolecular compound, an organic transistor using same, and a water splitting and hydrogen production photocatalytic system using same. More specifically, the present invention comprises a water-soluble monomolecular compound including 1,5-naphtyridine-2,6-dione structure as a phosphor monomolecular compound.

Abstract: A transmittance-variable device is provided in the present application. The present application provides a transmittance-variable device, which can be applied to various applications without causing problems such as a crosstalk phenomenon, a rainbow phenomenon or a mirroring phenomenon, while having excellent transmittance-variable characteristics.

Abstract: An electronic device includes: a host processor configured to: generate a memory group allocated to an expanded virtual memory in response to receiving memory usage information; determine a target memory group comprising a page on which a page fault has occurred among memory groups allocated to the expanded virtual memory, based on the memory usage information; and migrate the target memory group from one of a host memory, an accelerator memory, and a storage device, which comprises the target memory group, to either one of the host memory and the accelerator memory in which the page fault has occurred; and an accelerator configured to perform an operation using the accelerator memory, wherein the expanded virtual memory is a virtual single address space using the host memory, the accelerator memory, and the storage device.

Abstract: The present application relates to a polarization-variable element. The polarization-variable element of the present application has a fast response speed and excellent variable characteristics of polarization degree and transmittance. Such polarization-variable element may be applied to various applications including various architectural or vehicle materials requiring transmittance-variable characteristics, or eyewear such as goggles for augmented reality experience sports, sunglasses or helmets.

Abstract: Provided is a power conversion system including a heat sink, a first heat emitter provided on an upper surface of the heat sink, a second heat emitter electrically connected to the first heat emitter and provided on a lower surface of the heat sink, a third heat emitter provided on one side of the heat sink and spaced apart by a predetermined distance from the heat sink, and a heat dissipation fan provided in a direction facing the third heat emitter based on the heat sink and spaced apart by a predetermined interval from the third heat emitter, wherein, during a normal operation, more heat is emitted by the first heat emitter than by the second heat emitter.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a power converter capable of improving stabilization while minimizing loss when switching a switch included in the power converter. The power converter includes a switch; a gate driver configured to drive the switch at a predetermined duty ratio and apply a positive voltage when the switch is turned on and a negative voltage when the switch is turned off; a negative power supply unit configured to supply the negative voltage to the gate driver and vary a magnitude of the negative voltage; a current sensor configured to sense a current flowing in the switch; and a control unit configured to control the negative power supply unit to adjust the magnitude of the negative voltage applied to the switch according to a value sensed by the current sensor.