Abstract: A battery module includes a connection tab to electrically connect a plurality of first battery cells and a plurality of second battery cells. The second battery cells are coupled to and/or located between the first battery cells, and are arranged in first and second groups. Terminal portions having a same polarity in the second battery cells of the first and second groups face in opposite directions.

Abstract: A terminal device includes a message generation unit configured to generate an instant message according to a user command and a communication unit configured to transmit the instant message to another terminal device. A header of the instant message includes a field in which is inserted display identification information indicating whether or not to display the instant message on a display screen.

Abstract: A battery pack including: a plurality of battery cells; a case configured to accommodate the battery cells spaced from one another at an interval; and at least one tab configured to electrically connect the plurality of battery cells, and a terminal coupling portion is formed at a side of the tab.

Abstract: A battery pack including a battery and a battery protection circuit is disclosed. In one aspect, the battery protection circuit comprises a protective device configured to inhibit a flow of current between an electrode of the circuit and the battery when activated. The battery protection circuit further comprises a primary protection circuit and a secondary protection circuit. The primary protection circuit is configured to generate a control signal for control the protective device when detecting an abnormal voltage in a unit cell of the battery. The secondary protection circuit is configured to activate the protective device, either when receiving the control signal from the primary protection circuit or when detecting an abnormal voltage in a unit cell of the battery.

Abstract: Image scanning apparatus and method of receiving a new scan job, determining whether the new scan job is a multi-scan job, and when the new scan job is a multi-scan job, individually performing the multi-scan job using the plurality of scan units. Accordingly, in the process of performing a scan job, a user can perform a new scan job without waiting.

Abstract: A battery management system and a method of driving the same are provided. When the output signal of a charger is higher than a first voltage, a battery cell is charged with a first current by a first charge circuit. When the output signal of the charger is higher than a second voltage, a battery cell is charged with a second current by a second charge circuit. The second voltage is higher than the first voltage and second current is higher than the first current.

Abstract: A method for controlling a fuel reformer, capable of generating hydrogen by reforming fuel, comprises: heating a catalyst of the fuel reformer by operating an electric heater formed to enclose the catalyst; supplying fuel and air to the catalyst under a condition of complete combustion; flame-combusting the fuel by igniting an ignition plug installed near a rear end of the catalyst; and shifting the position of the flame combustion to inside of the catalyst, by reducing a supply amount of the fuel and the air, such that temperature of the catalyst is drastically increased.

Abstract: A battery protection circuit and a battery pack are disclosed. The battery pack includes the battery protection circuit, which has a switching unit and a control circuit, which controls the switching unit with a control signal. The battery protection circuit also has an external terminal, which is configurable to electrically connect the control signal to a circuit external to the battery protection circuit.

Abstract: Exemplary embodiments may disclose a mobile device which is connected with an external input device, and includes a first connector for receiving an input signal generated by the external input device through a docking station, the first connector being detachably connected with the docking station; and a first controller for receiving the input signal from the first connector, and executing a pre-stored function corresponding to the received input signal.

Abstract: A mortise structure of a digital door lock is applicable to a left handed door and a right handed door. The mortise structure is an improved two-way releasable mortise structure which can unlock a latch bolt and a dead bolt by finally converting a rotary force of actuating means into a one-way rotary force even though the actuating means is rotated in an arbitrary direction.

Abstract: A battery pack including a battery and a battery protection circuit is disclosed. In one aspect, the battery protection circuit comprises a protective device configured to inhibit a flow of current between an electrode of the circuit and the battery when activated. The battery protection circuit further comprises a primary protection circuit and a secondary protection circuit. The primary protection circuit is configured to generate a control signal for control the protective device when detecting an abnormal voltage in a unit cell of the battery. The secondary protection circuit is configured to activate the protective device, either when receiving the control signal from the primary protection circuit or when detecting an abnormal voltage in a unit cell of the battery.

Abstract: A threshold voltage distribution scheme for multi-level Flash cells where an erase threshold voltage and at least one programmed threshold voltage lie in an erase voltage domain. Having at least one programmed threshold voltage in the erase voltage domain reduces the Vread voltage level to minimize read disturb effects, while extending the life span of the multi-level Flash cells as the threshold voltage distance between programmed states is maximized. The erase voltage domain can be less than 0V while a program voltage domain is greater than 0V. Accordingly, circuits for program verifying and reading multi-level Flash cells having a programmed threshold voltage in the erase voltage domain and the program voltage domain use negative and positive high voltages.

Abstract: A nanomask for generating an illumination pattern includes a layer having a first surface and a second surface and a plurality of resonant nano-features disposed on at least a selected one of the first surface and the second surface. The nanomask is configured to provide an illumination pattern adjacent to the second surface. The illumination pattern has dimensions smaller than a wavelength ? of electromagnetic radiation used to illuminate the first surface of the layer in a single illumination. A nanopatterning method is also described.

Abstract: A document data management method of an image forming apparatus which is connected to at least one external device by using an IPv6 address which includes receiving the document data from the image forming apparatus, determining whether to assign an IPv6 address to the received document data, assigning a corresponding IPv6 address to the document data, adding the document data information and the corresponding assigned IPv6 address to an IPv6 address information table, and storing the document data in the image forming apparatus, wherein the IPv6 address information table includes storage information of the document data and the assigned IPv6 address information.

Abstract: A battery system (100) having a heating element (124), a thermal switch (130), a battery module (140), and a pin structure (170) is disclosed. The battery system (100) comprises: a battery case (110) forming an internal space; a battery module (140) located in the battery case and including a battery; a heating element structure (120) located in the battery case (110) and increasing the temperature of the battery System by heat generated by an impact; and a pin structure (170) for concentrating and transferring an external impact to a pre-determined region of the heating element structure.

Abstract: The invention relates to an integrated solar cell which includes a plasmonic layer which includes a pattern configured to support plasmon waves, The plasmonic layer is configured to receive as input light energy of an incident light and at least one photon of light received from one or more layers in optical communication with the plasmonic layer and to re-emit as output a guided light to the one or more layers in optical communication with the plasmonic layer. A wavelength conversion layer is configured to receive as input at least one photon having a first wavelength and to provide as output at least one photon having a second wavelength different than the first wavelength. A photovoltaic layer is optically coupled to both the wavelength conversion layer and the plasmonic layer, the photovoltaic layer configured to convert at least one photon having the second wavelength to electrical energy.

Abstract: The invention relates to an integrated film which includes a plasmonic layer including a pattern configured to support plasmon waves. The plasmonic layer is configured to receive as input light energy of an incident light including at least one photon having a first wavelength and an at least one photon of light received from one or more layers in optical communication with the plasmonic layer and to re-emit as output a guided light to the one or more layers in optical communication with the plasmonic layer. The integrated film also includes a wavelength conversion layer optically coupled to the plasmonic layer. The wavelength conversion layer is configured to receive as input the at least one photon having a first wavelength and to provide as output at least one photon having a second wavelength different than the first wave length.

Abstract: A threshold voltage distribution scheme for multi-level Flash cells where an erase threshold voltage and at least one programmed threshold voltage lie in an erase voltage domain. Having at least one programmed threshold voltage in the erase voltage domain reduces the Vread voltage level to minimize read disturb effects, while extending the life span of the multi-level Flash cells as the threshold voltage distance between programmed states is maximized. The erase voltage domain can be less than 0V while a program voltage domain is greater than 0V. Accordingly, circuits for program verifying and reading multi-level Flash cells having a programmed threshold voltage in the erase voltage domain and the program voltage domain use negative and positive high voltages.

Abstract: An integrated energy conversion device includes a nanoarray layer having a plurality of nanofeatures disposed in a pattern. The nanoarray layer is configured to modify a selected one of a direction and a wavelength of photons of light incident on a surface of the nanoarray layer. The nanoarray layer has a surface. A first material is disposed adjacent to and optically coupled to one region of the surface of the nanoarray layer. A second material is disposed adjacent to and optically coupled to a second region of the surface of the nanoarray layer. At least a selected one of the first material and the second material includes a photovoltaic layer which is configured to provide an integrated solar cell electrical output voltage and an integrated solar cell electrical output current between an integrated solar cell positive output terminal and an integrated solar cell negative output terminal.

Abstract: A planar plasmonic device includes a first material layer having a surface configured to receive at least one photon of incident light. A patterned plasmonic nanostructured layer is disposed adjacent and optically coupled to the first material layer. The patterned plasmonic nanostructured layer includes a selected one of: a) at least a portion of a surface of the patterned plasmonic nanostructured layer includes a textured surface, and b) at least one compound nanofeature including a first material disposed adjacent to a second material within the compound nanofeature.