Abstract: A method of purifying oxycodone or a salt thereof includes the steps of: a) preparing a solution including the oxycodone or salt thereof in a solvent, the solution having a pH less than 6, and; b) maintaining the solution at a temperature of at least 55° C. for a period of at least 1 hour; wherein the step of maintaining is performed in the absence of hydrogenation reagents.

Abstract: The present teachings are directed toward single metal and alloy nanoparticles and synthesis methods for preparing single metal and alloy nanoparticles.

Abstract: A process for preparing oxycodone or an oxycodone salt, wherein the oxycodone or oxycodone salt has low levels of impurities (especially 14-hydroxycodeinone) is disclosed. The process comprises the steps of: a) preparing a mixture comprising oxycodone and a solvent and adjusting the pH of the mixture to less than 6; and subsequently b) exposing the mixture to hydrogenation reagents for a period of at least 1 hour. This process provides oxycodone with very low levels of ?,?-unsaturated ketone impurities. Oxycodone or an oxycodone salt produced according to the process of the invention has low levels of ?,?-unsaturated ketones and is advantageously incorporated into pharmaceutical products.

Abstract: A process for preparing oxycodone or an oxycodone salt, wherein the oxycodone or oxycodone salt has low levels of impurities (especially 14-hydroxycodeinone) is disclosed. The process comprises the steps of: a) preparing a mixture comprising oxycodone and a solvent and adjusting the pH of the mixture to less than 6; and subsequently b) exposing the mixture to hydrogenation reagents for a period of at least 1 hour.

Abstract: A method of synthesizing highly monodispersed Au nanoparticles having diameters in the range of 30-90 nm. Seed nanoparticles in a controlled concentration are combined with a precursor, also in a controlled concentration, a reducing and capping agent (e.g., sodium acrylate) in aqueous solution. Under controlled conditions of pH, temperature, and time, highly monodispersed nanoparticles having diameters in the range of 30-100 nm are produced. A relative size standard deviation of the size distribution of the resulting nanoparticles is as low as 2%.

Abstract: A method is featured for fabricating Carbon-supported AuPt nanoparticle catalysts for fuel cells, and particularly fuel cells using methanol as the fuel. The method prepares AuPt-based fuel cell catalysts having a wide range of controllable Au:Pt ratios. The AuPt catalysis are supportable on both carbon black (C) and C/TiO2 support materials. These materials demonstrate electro-catalytic activity towards CO and methanol oxidation, and O2 reduction. The same catalyst material is useful in constructing both anodes and cathodes, and demonstrates bifunctional activity.

Abstract: A method of purifying oxycodone or a salt thereof includes the steps of: a) preparing a solution including the oxycodone or salt thereof in a solvent, the solution having a pH less than 6, and; b) maintaining the solution at a temperature of at least 55° C. for a period of at least 1 hour; wherein the step of maintaining is performed in the absence of hydrogenation reagents.

Abstract: A process for preparing oxycodone or an oxycodone salt, wherein the oxycodone or oxycodone salt has low levels of impurities (especially 14-hydroxycodeinone) is disclosed. The process comprises the steps of: a) preparing a mixture comprising oxycodone and a solvent and adjusting the pH of the mixture to less than 6; and subsequently b) exposing the mixture to hydrogenation reagents for a period of at least 1 hour.

Abstract: A method is featured for fabricating Carbon-supported AuPt nanoparticle catalysts for fuel cells, and particularly fuel cells using methanol as the fuel. The method prepares AuPt-based fuel cell catalysts having a wide range of controllable Au:Pt ratios. The AuPt catalysis are supportable on both carbon black (C) and C/TiO2 support materials. These materials demonstrate electro-catalytic activity towards CO and methanol oxidation, and O2 reduction. The same catalyst material is useful in constructing both anodes and cathodes, and demonstrates bifunctional activity.

Abstract: There is provided a method of preparing carbon supported, ternary alloy composition core-shell PtVFe nanoparticles for use as fuel cell electrocatalysts. These catalysts have been found particularly useful for oxygen reduction reactions. The alloy nanoparticles can be assembled on carbon supports which then may undergo subsequent activation and/or calcination treatments. The method, combined with new synthetic feed and processing conditions, provides core-shell PtVFe alloy nanoparticles of 1–3 nm size. The catalyst-produced high monodispersity, controlled composition are highly dispersed, and have a uniform distribution. Finally, the correlation of the preparation and treatment parameters to the ORR catalytic activities of the prepared nanoparticles is described. The catalysts exhibit ORR in the range of 2 to 4 times more than a standard Pt/carbon catalyst.

Abstract: A process for preparing oxycodone or an oxycodone salt, wherein the oxycodone or oxycodone salt has low levels of impurities (especially 14-hydroxycodeinone) is disclosed. The process comprises the steps of: a) preparing a mixture comprising oxycodone and a solvent and adjusting the pH of the mixture to less than 6; and subsequently b) exposing the mixture to hydrogenation reagents for a period of at least 1 hour.

Abstract: The present teachings are directed toward single metal and alloy nanoparticles and synthesis methods for preparing single metal and alloy nanoparticles.

Abstract: Effective passivation structures and guard rings can be formed in borderless gate arrays by forming the gates in an array of discrete blocks separated by thin scribe lines in which the substrate is not covered by gates. Diffusions for guard rings can be formed in the substrate for guard ring purposes, and passivation structures can be sealingly attached to the substrate. Various circuit metalizations such as discrete layers or different circuits can be produced with a single mask by covering all but a selected portion of the mask during exposure.

Abstract: Effective passivation structures and guard rings can be formed in borderless gate arrays by forming the gates in an array of discrete blocks separated by thin scribe lines in which the substrate is not covered by gates. Diffusions for guard rings can be formed in the substrate for guard ring purposes, and passivation structures can be sealingly attached to the substrate. Various circuit metalizations such as discrete layers or different circuits can be produced with a single mask by covering all but a selected portion of the mask during exposure.

Abstract: Novel folic acid derivatives and their use in preparation of &ggr;-esters of folic acid via a pteroyl azide intermediate are described. Folic acid &ggr;-esters are useful intermediates in the synthesis of folic acid conjugates capable of binding folate receptors in vitro and in vivo.