Abstract: An RFID reader control system and method is provided. A protocol for controlling an RFID reader and an RFID reader control unit of a mobile phone is defined. Messages, information, commands, responses, and notification are constructed and transmitted between the RFID reader and the RFID reader control unit.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a submarine data relay system that enables smooth and stable wired data relay without interruption of data transmission even in harsh undersea conditions. The system includes: a main system placed on the water, generating control data and transmitting the control data into water, and collecting data generated in water; a plurality of relay devices placed at different depths, delivering control data from the main system to corresponding sensor units to support measurement, and collecting measurement data from the sensor units and transmitting the measurement data to the main system; an operational line connecting the main system and the relay devices in series for data transmission and power delivery; and an emergency line connecting the main system and every second relay devices, wherein when a break occurs at a section of the operational line, the broken section thereof is replaced with the emergency line.

Abstract: A method and apparatus provides a multi-screen based multi-dimensional game service using a home network and a home server. The method includes determining a resolution of a game screen to be served based on terminal information provided from a user terminal, storing a view on a user location in a multi-dimensional shared game space as a game session, generating an object for the view based on the determined resolution, performing multi-view rendering using multi-dimensional scene data and a user game input, capturing video and audio generated through the multi-view rendering, encoding the captured video and audio, and transmitting encoded video and audio to the user terminal.

Abstract: Disclosed are an LED emitting device and driving method thereof. The LED emitting device controls an LED drive switch connected to a first end of an LED string to control an output current supplied to the LED string. The LED emitting device generates feedback information on the output voltage or the output current supplied to the LED string, and uses the output current to sense an open lamp state of the LED string. The LED emitting device uses a voltage at a first end of the LED drive switch to sense a change of the LED string to a normal state from the open lamp state.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for transmitting a broadcast signal, an apparatus and method of reproducing a broadcast signal, and a broadcast signal data structure, are discussed. According to an embodiment, the method of transmitting the broadcast signal includes generating image modification control information for at least one image; and transmitting the image and the image modification control information as broadcast data.

Abstract: A pH adjusting apparatus includes an electrolytic chip receiving a solution, an electrolytic chip loading station receiving the electrolytic chip, an input unit inputting electrolysis conditions, a control unit receiving the electrolysis conditions and controlling electrolysis performed in the electrolytic chip, and a display unit displaying the electrolysis conditions and a progress of the electrolysis. Thus, the pH of a solution can be adjusted easily and accurately, by precisely controlling a constant current, a constant voltage, and current and voltage application times, thereby enabling useful application in various biological assays such as cell lysis. Furthermore, the pH adjusting apparatus has small size and weight and can be operated for a long time after charging once due to low power consumption.

Abstract: An RFID reader control system and method is provided. A protocol for controlling an RFID reader and an RFID reader control unit of a mobile phone is defined. Messages, information, commands, responses, and notification are constructed and transmitted between the RPM reader and the RFID reader control unit.

Abstract: Disclosed are an interworking system between a user terminal and a smart card for executing a widget and a method thereof. The interworking system is configured to enable the user terminal to manage the download setup information for a widget UI (user interface) program installed in the smart card. The user terminal is able to download widget UI data to be updated from a program provision server based on the download setup information even if there is no additional request from the smart card. Therefore, the system is able to prevent periodic communication between the user terminal and the smart card when updating the widget UI program.

Abstract: An RFID reader control system and method is provided. A protocol for controlling an RFID reader and an RFID reader control unit of a mobile phone is defined. Messages, information, commands, responses, and notification are constructed and transmitted between the RFID reader and the RFID reader control unit.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a protection circuit, a resonance converter having the same, and a protection method thereof. A resonance converter having high-side and low-side switches senses a current flowing through the low-side switch and determines a zero voltage switching failure by using a width of a current flowing to a negative direction of the low-side switch.

Abstract: Provided is an apparatus for molding a crash pad for a vehicle, which includes a first metal mold in which an insert cavity is formed, a second metal mold installed opposite the first metal mold, an insert inserted into the insert cavity and having a through-hole toward the first metal mold so as to define a boundary between an upper part and a lower part of the crash pad that is injection-molded by the first and second metal molds, and a resin introducing unit installed in the first metal mold abutting on the insert and having an elastically adjusted space into which molding resin is introduced through the through-hole when an injection pressure exceeds a predetermined level.

Abstract: A polarizer includes: a substrate; a dielectric layer positioned on the substrate; an optical waveguide positioned in the dielectric layer and for transmitting incident light; and a graphene layer positioned corresponding to the optical waveguide.

Abstract: An optical waveguide includes: a substrate; a first dielectric layer positioned on the substrate; a graphene layer including graphene formed on the first dielectric layer along the lengthwise direction of the substrate and for transmitting incident light through the graphene; and a second dielectric layer positioned on the first dielectric layer and the graphene layer.

Abstract: A cowl cross assembly includes a cowl cross bar positioned in front of a vehicle body, and a cowl cross half-panel joined to one end of the cowl cross bar. A part of the cowl cross bar made of a steel material is cut, and the cowl cross half-panel made of a plastic material is mounted to the cowl cross bar, thereby reducing the weight and the cost and reinforcing the strength to support the air conditioning equipment. In addition, the cowl cross bar can be easily joined to the cowl cross half-panel to improve the workability.

Abstract: Provided is a method for quantifying an initial concentration of a nucleic acid from a real-time nucleic acid amplification data. Nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) extracted from organism or virus is amplified using an enzyme. Then, the initial concentration of the nucleic acid is found by calculating the characteristic amplification cycle number or the characteristic amplification time at which the fluorescence intensity of the nucleic acid subtracted by the background fluorescence intensity of the nucleic acid has half of its maximum value, or the characteristic amplification cycle number or the characteristic amplification time at which the amplification efficiency has the maximum or the minimum value, or the prior-to-amplification fluorescence intensity of the nucleic acid subtracted by the background fluorescence intensity of the nucleic acid. Accordingly, the initial concentration of the nucleic acid can be calculated without differentiation or integration.

Abstract: An RFID reader control system and method is provided. A protocol for controlling an RFID reader and an RFID reader control unit of a mobile phone is defined. Messages, information, commands, responses, and notification are constructed and transmitted between the RFID reader and the RFID reader control unit.

Abstract: A photodetector includes: a substrate; a first dielectric material positioned on the substrate; an optical waveguide positioned on the first dielectric material; a second dielectric material positioned on the optical waveguide; a graphene layer positioned on the second dielectric material; and a first electrode and a second electrode that are positioned on the graphene layer.

Abstract: An opto-electronic connector module includes an optical waveguide portion including an optical waveguide in which an optical signal is transmitted, and a connector portion coupled to the optical waveguide portion, fixing the optical waveguide portion on a PCB on which a semiconductor chip portion having an opto-electronic device and a semiconductor chip is surface-mounted, and having a first coupling portion having a convex or concave structure formed in a lower portion thereof. The first coupling portion of the connector portion is coupled to a second coupling portion having a concave or convex structure formed on an upper surface of the PCB.

Abstract: Provided are a FET-based sensor for detecting an ionic material, an ionic material detecting device including the FET-based sensor, and a method of detecting an ionic material using the FET-based sensor. The FET-based sensor includes: a sensing chamber including a reference electrode and a plurality of sensing FETs; and a reference chamber including a reference electrode and a plurality of reference FETs. The method includes: flowing a first solution into and out of the sensing chamber and the reference chamber of the FET-based sensor; flowing a second solution expected to contain an ionic material into and out of the sensing chamber while continuously flowing the first solution into and out of the reference chamber; measuring a current in a channel region between the source and drain of each of the sensing and reference FETs; and correcting the current of the sensing FETs.

Abstract: Disclosed are an opto-electric circuit board including a metal-slotted optical waveguide and an opto-electric simultaneous communication system. The opto-electric circuit board includes a lower metal thin film; a dielectric substance formed above the lower metal thin film; an upper metal thin film formed above the dielectric substance; and intermediate metal thin films that form optical waveguides at a predetermined interval on the same plane in the dielectric substance.